SpringBoot项目如何部署SSL证书 (JKS格式)

1、SpringBoot项目如何部署SSL证书 (JKS格式)

1. 获取 SSL 证书和私钥

首先，你需要获取有效的 SSL 证书和私钥。SSL 证书是一种用于加密通信的数字证书，它可以通过购买商业 SSL 证书或使用免费的 Let’s Encrypt 证书获得。请确保你拥有证书文件和与之对应的私钥文件，这通常是以 .pem 和 .key 结尾的文件或者是jks格式的，本文以jks格式的SSL证书为例。

2. 配置 Spring Boot 项目

接下来，我们将配置 Spring Boot 项目以使用 SSL。

2.0 项目环境

spring boot 2.2.2
maven
一个域名（各大域名商有售，阿里、腾讯、华为）
SSL证书（阿里云上有免费的SSL证书，有效期一年）

2.1 将 SSL 证书和私钥文件添加到项目

将之前获取的 SSL 证书和私钥文件拷贝到 Spring Boot 项目中的 src/main/resources 目录下。这样，证书文件会与项目一起打包并在运行时加载。

2.2 配置 application.properties 或 application.yml

在 Spring Boot 项目的配置文件（application.properties 或 application.yml）中添加以下 SSL 相关配置：

server:port: 8856servlet:context-path: /ssl:enabled: true# 保存SSL证书的秘钥库的路径key-store: classpath:ssl/xxx.com.jkskey-store-password: xxx# 证书类型key-store-type: JKS
#    key-store-protocol: TLS

2.3 编写controller进行测试

添加一个controller，测试是否生效，测试结果如下：

通过上述访问发现，如果通过http访问会提示访问需要组合TLS，但是如果用户直接通过这种方式访问的话，存在着极差的用户体验。

2.4 编写配置类HTTP转HTPPS

当用户使用http访问的时候，将http协议重定向到https端口
（1）修改配置文件

custom:  # 自定义http启动端口http-port: 8857server:port: 8856servlet:context-path: /ssl:enabled: true#key-alias: alias-key # 别名(可以不进行配置)# 保存SSL证书的秘钥库的路径key-store: classpath:ssl/xxx.com.jkskey-store-password: xxx# 证书类型key-store-type: JKS
#    key-store-protocol: TLS

（2）添加配置类

package org.pp.ssl.config;import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.SecurityCollection;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.SecurityConstraint;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** https配置，将http请求全部转发到https* @author P_P*/
@Configuration
public class HttpsConfig {@Value("${custom.http-port: 8857}")private Integer httpPort;@Value("${server.port}")private Integer port;@Beanpublic TomcatServletWebServerFactory servletContainer() {// 将http请求转换为https请求TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcat = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory() {@Overrideprotected void postProcessContext(Context context) {SecurityConstraint constraint = new SecurityConstraint();// 默认为NONEconstraint.setUserConstraint("CONFIDENTIAL");SecurityCollection collection = new SecurityCollection();// 所有的东西都httpscollection.addPattern("/*");constraint.addCollection(collection);context.addConstraint(constraint);}};tomcat.addAdditionalTomcatConnectors(httpConnector());return tomcat;}/*** 强制将所有的http请求转发到https** @return httpConnector*/@Beanpublic Connector httpConnector() {Connector connector = new Connector("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol");connector.setScheme("http");// connector监听的http端口号connector.setPort(httpPort);connector.setSecure(false);// 监听到http的端口号后转向到的https的端口号connector.setRedirectPort(port);return connector;}
}

（3）启动项目
添加配置类之后，启动项目可以看到控制台出现了https端口和http端口

再次访问测试接口，会发现地址栏出现了https

（4）同时开启http和https
如果不想将http请求都转发到https进行处理，可以同时开启http和https

/*** 同时开启http和https* @author P_P*/
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class HttpsConfig {@Value("${custom.http-port: 8857}")private Integer httpPort;@Beanpublic TomcatServletWebServerFactory servletContainer() {TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcat = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();tomcat.addAdditionalTomcatConnectors(httpConnector());return tomcat;}@Beanpublic Connector httpConnector() {Connector connector = new Connector("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol");connector.setPort(httpPort);return connector;}
}

这样访问8857（http协议）的端口就不会进行转发了

3、spring boot配置ssl证书，异常：Invalid keystore format

3.1环境介绍

springBoot中配置了一个bean，bean加载的时候，会进行jks的加载，jks文件放在src/resources下，然后就报错了，错误如下。

2023-08-03 22:22:27.261:[ERROR] [main:6839] [org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.reportFailure:826] --> Application run failed 
org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat serverat org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.start(TomcatWebServer.java:215)at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.startWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:297)at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.finishRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:163)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:553)at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:141)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:747)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1226)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1215)at org.ee.authority.AuthorityApplication.main(AuthorityApplication.java:28)Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid keystore formatat org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractJsseEndpoint.createSSLContext(AbstractJsseEndpoint.java:99) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.29.jar:9.0.29]at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractJsseEndpoint.initialiseSsl(AbstractJsseEndpoint.java:71) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.29.jar:9.0.29]at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.bind(NioEndpoint.java:218) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.29.jar:9.0.29]at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.bindWithCleanup(AbstractEndpoint.java:1142) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.29.jar:9.0.29]at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.start(AbstractEndpoint.java:1228) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.29.jar:9.0.29]at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start(AbstractProtocol.java:586) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.29.jar:9.0.29]at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.startInternal(Connector.java:1005) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.29.jar:9.0.29]
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: standardService.connector.startFailedat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.addConnector(StandardService.java:231)at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors(TomcatWebServer.java:278)at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.start(TomcatWebServer.java:197)... 10 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Protocol handler start failedat org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.startInternal(Connector.java:1008)at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.addConnector(StandardService.java:227)... 12 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid keystore formatat org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractJsseEndpoint.createSSLContext(AbstractJsseEndpoint.java:99)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractJsseEndpoint.initialiseSsl(AbstractJsseEndpoint.java:71)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.bind(NioEndpoint.java:218)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.bindWithCleanup(AbstractEndpoint.java:1142)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.start(AbstractEndpoint.java:1228)at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start(AbstractProtocol.java:586)at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.startInternal(Connector.java:1005)... 14 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Invalid keystore formatat sun.security.provider.JavaKeyStore.engineLoad(JavaKeyStore.java:666)at sun.security.provider.JavaKeyStore$JKS.engineLoad(JavaKeyStore.java:57)at sun.security.provider.KeyStoreDelegator.engineLoad(KeyStoreDelegator.java:224)at sun.security.provider.JavaKeyStore$DualFormatJKS.engineLoad(JavaKeyStore.java:71)at java.security.KeyStore.load(KeyStore.java:1449)at org.apache.tomcat.util.security.KeyStoreUtil.load(KeyStoreUtil.java:69)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLUtilBase.getStore(SSLUtilBase.java:217)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfigCertificate.getCertificateKeystore(SSLHostConfigCertificate.java:206)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLUtilBase.getKeyManagers(SSLUtilBase.java:283)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLUtilBase.createSSLContext(SSLUtilBase.java:247)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractJsseEndpoint.createSSLContext(AbstractJsseEndpoint.java:97)... 20 common frames omitted

3.2现象及原因分析

直接用main函数解析jks文件，一点毛病都没有。但是打包后启动Tomact再解析就不行，直接启动单元测试（完整加载bean的形式）也不行。

后来发现，在target文件夹下，jks文件的大小变了。查了资料，大概明白错误的根本原因了：maven编译或者打包的时候，对文件的内容进行了修改（maven编译的时候使用了占位符，替换的时候使文件发生了变化），这就导致了jks文件发生变化。

3.3解决方案

配置MAVEN过滤JKS等格式的文件，在pom的build配置中增加如下过滤配置，将jks过滤掉。（提一句，以下配置中也过滤了xlsx，是因为打包后Excel文件也会坏掉）

<build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId><configuration><encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding><useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters><includeEmptyDirs>true</includeEmptyDirs><!-- 证书文件 --><nonFilteredFileExtensions><nonFilteredFileExtension>pem</nonFilteredFileExtension><nonFilteredFileExtension>pfx</nonFilteredFileExtension><nonFilteredFileExtension>p12</nonFilteredFileExtension><nonFilteredFileExtension>key</nonFilteredFileExtension><nonFilteredFileExtension>xlsx</nonFilteredFileExtension><nonFilteredFileExtension>jks</nonFilteredFileExtension></nonFilteredFileExtensions></configuration></plugin><!-- java文档插件 --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId><version>3.0.0</version></plugin></plugins></build>