Python绘图系统25：新增8种绘图函数

Python绘图系统：

• 前置源码： Python打造动态绘图系统
• 📈一 三维绘图系统 📈二 多图绘制系统📈三 坐 标 轴 定 制
• 📈四 定制绘图风格 📈五 数据生成导入📈六 三维动态演示
• 动图绘制：动图绘制🔥实现动图绘制系统
• 坐标列表进阶：导出数据📌系统菜单📌批量文件导入📌辅助坐标轴
• 绘图类型进阶：坐标映射📌八种绘图函数

常用绘图函数

目前只集成了三种绘图函数，即plot, scatter和bar，这个体量不到matplotlib提供的绘图函数的十分之一，接下来要做的自然是扩充绘图函数库。

但一次性也不宜扩充太多，下面列出一些常用的绘图函数，如无说明，小写的x,y,z表示一维数组；大写的X,Y,Z表示二维数组，也就是矩阵；❌表示这种绘图函数不支持这种坐标,或者不建议在这种坐标中绘图。

函数	类别	2D	polar	3D	备注
imshow	图像	X	❌	❌
pcolormesh	伪彩图	[X,Y,]Z	X,Y,Z	❌
plot	曲线图	x[,y]	x[,y]	x,y[,z]
scatter	散点图	x,y/X,Y	x,y	x,y,[,z]	可为任意维度
stem	茎叶图	x,y	x,y	x,y[,z]
step	阶梯图	x,y	x,y	x,y[,z]
bar	条形图	x,y	x,y	x,y[,z]
barh	横向条形图	x,y	x,y	❌

从这个图可以看出，2D坐标中，大部分函数只支持两个变量，极坐标亦然，而3D坐标中要么不支持绘图，要么支持x,y或者x,y,z三种绘图坐标。

单选框的更改逻辑

完成这个功能的改动，只需先更改cbTypeChanged，再更改cbProjNone, cbProjPolar以及cbProj3d这三个函数就可以了。

def cbTypeChanged(self, evt):t = self.drawVars['type'].get()p = self.drawVars['proj'].get()if t in ("图像"):self.wDct['proj']['value'] =  ("None")elif t in ("横向条形图", "伪彩图"):self.wDct['proj']['value'] =  ("None", "polar")else:self.wDct['proj']['value'] =  ("None", "3d", "polar")projs = self.wDct['proj']['value']if p not in projs:self.drawVars['proj'].set(projs[0])        self.cbProjChanged(None)

接下来是设置projection的函数，之前我们一直把plot取名为点线图，这个先留着，但不妨碍把曲线图作为另一个名字加上去，但“点线图”这个名字暂时还不能删，因为DrawSystem那边的代码还没有改。

def cbProjNone(self, t):if t in ("点线图", "曲线图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x', 'xy')elif t in ("图像"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x')elif t in ("伪彩图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x', 'xyz')else:self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xy')def cbProjPolar(self, t):if t in ("点线图", "曲线图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x', 'xy')elif t in ("伪彩图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xyz')else:self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xy')def cbProj3d(self, t):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xy', 'xyz')

最后，新建一个全局的常量，用于存储函数名，并在创建slctDct字典时调用。

def initConst(self):self.TYPES = ["点线图", "曲线图", "散点图", "图像", "伪彩图", "条形图", "横向条形图", "茎叶图", "阶梯图"]

修改后的结果如图所示

源代码

下面给出base.py的源代码。

import numpy as np
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttkclass DrawStyle(ttk.Frame):def __init__(self, master, varDct={}, ws=None, func=None, **options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.initConst()self.initVars()self.initWidgets()def initConst(self):self.VAR_LABS = {"线型" : "linestyle", "线宽" : "linewidth",  "线色" : "color","点型" : "marker"   , "点径" : "markersize", "点色" : "markeredgecolor","标签" : "label"    , "透明度"    : "alpha", "层号" : "zorder" }self.STR_KEYS = ["标签"]self.COM_KEYS = ["线型", "点型"]self.NUM_KEYS = ["线宽", "点径", "透明度"]self.INT_KEYS = ["层号"]self.CLR_KEYS = ["线色", "点色"]def initVars(self):self.varDct = {key:tk.StringVar() for key in self.VAR_LABS}def newFrame(self):frm = ttk.Frame(self)frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)return frmdef initWidgets(self):frm = self.newFrame()for i,key in enumerate(["标签", "层号", "透明度"]):tk.Label(frm, text=key).grid(row=0, column=i*2, padx=2)tmp = ttk.Entry(frm, width=10, textvariable=self.varDct[key])tmp.grid(row=0, column=i*2+1, padx=2, pady=2)self.initLineMarker(frm)def initLineMarker(self, frm):enumDct = {"点型" : ['.', ',', '1', '2', '3', '4', '+', 'x', '|', '_', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 'o', 'v', '^', '<', '>', '8', 's', 'p', '*', 'h', 'H', 'D', 'd', 'P', 'X'],"线型" : ['-', '--', '-.', ':']}for i in range(2):key = self.COM_KEYS[i]ttk.Label(frm, text=key).grid(row=i+1, column=0, padx=2)tmp = ttk.Combobox(frm, width=10, textvariable=self.varDct[key])tmp.grid(row=i+1, column=1, padx=2, pady=2)tmp['value'] = enumDct[key]key = self.NUM_KEYS[i]ttk.Label(frm, text=key).grid(row=i+1, column=2, padx=2)tmp = ttk.Entry(frm, width=10, textvariable=self.varDct[key])tmp.grid(row=i+1, column=3, padx=2, pady=2)key = self.CLR_KEYS[i]ttk.Label(frm, text=key).grid(row=i+1, column=4, padx=2)tmp = ttk.Entry(frm, width=10, textvariable=self.varDct[key])tmp.grid(row=i+1, column=5, padx=2, pady=2)def getOneVar(self, key):v = self.varDct[key].get()if v=="":return ""if key in NUM_KEYS:return float(v)elif key in INT_KEYS:return int(v)else:return vdef getVarDct(self):dct = {self.VAR_LABS[key] : self.varDct[key].get() for key in self.varDct}return {key : dct[key] for key in dct if dct[key]!=""}# 绘图类型和维度
# varDct 的格式是 {"sub":sub, "type":slctType, "dim":dim, "proj": proj}class DrawType(ttk.Frame):# ws为两个combobox的宽def __init__(self, master, varDct = {"sub":"111", "type":'点线图', "dim":"xyz", "proj": "3d"},ws=None, func=None, **options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.dimChanged = funcself.initConst()self.initVar(varDct)self.initWidgets(ws)def initVar(self, varDct):self.drawVars = {key:tk.StringVar() for key in varDct}for key in self.drawVars:self.drawVars[key].set(varDct[key])def initConst(self):self.TYPES = ["点线图", "曲线图", "散点图", "图像", "伪彩图", "条形图", "横向条形图", "茎叶图", "阶梯图"]def initWidgets(self, ws):if ws==None: ws = [5, 5, 5, 3]slctDct = {'type': self.TYPES, 'proj': ("None", "3d", "polar"), 'dim' : ("x", "xy", "xyz")}    # 绘图维度keys = ['sub', 'type', 'proj', 'dim']self.wDct = {}  # 控件字典# 此为设置子图的Entry控件self.wDct['sub'] = ttk.Entry(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawVars['sub'])for i, key in enumerate(keys[1:], 1):self.wDct[key] = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[i], textvariable=self.drawVars[key])self.wDct[key]['value'] = slctDct[key]for key in keys:self.wDct[key].pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)self.wDct['type'].bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.cbTypeChanged)self.wDct['proj'].bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.cbProjChanged)self.wDct['dim'].bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)def cbTypeChanged(self, evt):t = self.drawVars['type'].get()p = self.drawVars['proj'].get()if t in ("图像"):self.wDct['proj']['value'] =  ("None")elif t in ("横向条形图", "伪彩图"):self.wDct['proj']['value'] =  ("None", "polar")else:self.wDct['proj']['value'] =  ("None", "3d", "polar")projs = self.wDct['proj']['value']if p not in projs:self.drawVars['proj'].set(projs[0])        self.cbProjChanged(None)def cbProjChanged(self, evt):p = self.drawVars['proj'].get()func = {'None': self.cbProjNone,'3d': self.cbProj3d,'polar' : self.cbProjPolar}d = self.wDct['dim'].get()t = self.drawVars['type'].get()func[p](t)dims = self.wDct['dim']['value']if d not in dims:self.drawVars['dim'].set(dims[0])self.dimChanged(None)def cbProjNone(self, t):if t in ("点线图", "曲线图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x', 'xy')elif t in ("图像"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x')elif t in ("伪彩图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x', 'xyz')else:self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xy')def cbProjPolar(self, t):if t in ("点线图", "曲线图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('x', 'xy')elif t in ("伪彩图"):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xyz')else:self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xy')def cbProj3d(self, t):self.wDct['dim']['value'] = ('xy', 'xyz')def getSub(self):return self.drawVars['sub'].get()def getType(self): return self.drawVars['type'].get()def getDim(self):return self.drawVars['dim'].get()def getProj(self):return self.drawVars['proj'].get()def getDct(self):return {key:self.drawVars[key].get() for key in self.drawVars}