Native Programs（本机程序）

Solana contains a small handful of native programs that are part of the validator implementation and provide various core functionalities for the network. You can find the full list of native programs here.

When developing custom programs on Solana, you will commonly interact with two native programs, the System Program and the BPF Loader.

Solana contains a small handful of native programs, which are required to run validator nodes. Unlike third-party programs, the native programs are part of the validator implementation and can be upgraded as part of cluster upgrades. Upgrades may occur to add features, fix bugs, or improve performance. Interface changes to individual instructions should rarely, if ever, occur. Instead, when change is needed, new instructions are added and previous ones are marked deprecated. Apps can upgrade on their own timeline without concern of breakages across upgrades.

For each native program the program id and description each supported instruction is provided. A transaction can mix and match instructions from different programs, as well include instructions from on-chain programs.

System Program（系统程序）

Create new accounts, allocate account data, assign accounts to owning programs, transfer lamports from System Program owned accounts and pay transaction fees.
Program id: 11111111111111111111111111111111

Config Program

Add configuration data to the chain and the list of public keys that are permitted to modify it. Unlike the other programs, the Config program does not define any individual instructions. It has just one implicit instruction, a “store” instruction. Its instruction data is a set of keys that gate access to the account, and the data to store in it.
Program id: Config1111111111111111111111111111111111111

Stake Program

Create and manage accounts representing stake and rewards for delegations to validators.
Program id: Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111

Vote Program

Create and manage accounts that track validator voting state and rewards.
Program id: Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111

Address Lookup Table Program

Program id: AddressLookupTab1e1111111111111111111111111

BPF Loader

Deploys, upgrades, and executes programs on the chain.
Program id: BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111

The BPF Upgradeable Loader marks itself as “owner” of the executable and program-data accounts it creates to store your program. When a user invokes an instruction via a program id, the Solana runtime will load both your the program and its owner, the BPF Upgradeable Loader. The runtime then passes your program to the BPF Upgradeable Loader to process the instruction.

Ed25519 Program

Verify ed25519 signature program. This program takes an ed25519 signature, public key, and message. Multiple signatures can be verified. If any of the signatures fail to verify, an error is returned.

Program id: Ed25519SigVerify111111111111111111111111111

The ed25519 program processes an instruction. The first u8 is a count of the number of signatures to check, which is followed by a single byte padding. After that, the following struct is serialized, one for each signature to check.

Secp256k1 Program

Verify secp256k1 public key recovery operations (ecrecover).

Program id: KeccakSecp256k11111111111111111111111111111