网络6 -- udp_socket 实现 echo服务器

目录

1.server 服务端

1.1.完整代码展示：

1.2.代码解析：

1.2.1 给服务端创建套接字

1.2.2 绑定套接字

1.2.3 服务端接受数据并返回

2.客户端：

2.1 完整代码展示：

2.2 代码解析

 2.2.1 客户端使用手则：

2.2.2 创建客户端套接字

2.2.3 关于客户端是否绑定问题

2.2.4 客户端传输信息给服务端

3.主函数

3.1完整代码

3.2代码解析

3.2.1  回调函数

3.2.2 功能拓展

4.log（日志代码）

5.makefile代码：

---

1.server 服务端

1.1.完整代码展示：

#pragma once#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <strings.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <functional>
#include "Log.hpp"// using func_t = std::function<std::string(const std::string&)>;
typedef std::function<std::string(const std::string&)> func_t;Log lg;enum{SOCKET_ERR=1,BIND_ERR
};uint16_t defaultport = 8080;
std::string defaultip = "0.0.0.0";
const int size = 1024;class UdpServer{
public:UdpServer(const uint16_t &port = defaultport, const std::string &ip = defaultip):sockfd_(0), port_(port), ip_(ip),isrunning_(false){}void Init(){// 1. 创建udp socketsockfd_ = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); // PF_INETif(sockfd_ < 0){lg(Fatal, "socket create error, sockfd: %d", sockfd_);exit(SOCKET_ERR);}lg(Info, "socket create success, sockfd: %d", sockfd_);// 2. bind socketstruct sockaddr_in local;bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(port_); //需要保证我的端口号是网络字节序列，因为该端口号是要给对方发送的local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip_.c_str()); //1. string -> uint32_t 2. uint32_t必须是网络序列的 // ??// local.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);if(bind(sockfd_, (const struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local)) < 0){lg(Fatal, "bind error, errno: %d, err string: %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(BIND_ERR);}lg(Info, "bind success, errno: %d, err string: %s", errno, strerror(errno));}void Run(func_t func) // 对代码进行分层{isrunning_ = true;char inbuffer[size];while(isrunning_){struct sockaddr_in client;socklen_t len = sizeof(client);ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd_, inbuffer, sizeof(inbuffer) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len);if(n < 0){lg(Warning, "recvfrom error, errno: %d, err string: %s", errno, strerror(errno));continue;}inbuffer[n] = 0;std::string info = inbuffer;std::string echo_string = func(info);sendto(sockfd_, echo_string.c_str(), echo_string.size(), 0, (const sockaddr*)&client, len);}}~UdpServer(){if(sockfd_>0) close(sockfd_);}
private:int sockfd_;     // 网路文件描述符std::string ip_; // 任意地址bind 0uint16_t port_;  // 表明服务器进程的端口号bool isrunning_;
};

1.2.代码解析：

1.2.1 给服务端创建套接字

// 1. 创建udp socketsockfd_ = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); // PF_INETif(sockfd_ < 0){lg(Fatal, "socket create error, sockfd: %d", sockfd_);exit(SOCKET_ERR);}lg(Info, "socket create success, sockfd: %d", sockfd_);// 2. bind socketstruct sockaddr_in local;bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(port_); //需要保证我的端口号是网络字节序列，因为该端口号是要给对方发送的local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip_.c_str()); //1. string -> uint32_t 2. uint32_t必须是网络序列的 // ??// local.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

创建套接字时，我们要将字符型的port和ip转化为网络序列 

参考如下：

整数ip和字符串ip之间的相互转化（）_uint ip转string-CSDN博客

inet_addr（）原理-CSDN博客

1.2.2 绑定套接字

if(bind(sockfd_, (const struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local)) < 0){lg(Fatal, "bind error, errno: %d, err string: %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(BIND_ERR);}lg(Info, "bind success, errno: %d, err string: %s", errno, strerror(errno));}

绑定套接字应注意：ip和port可能绑定失败：

参考如下：

关于bind绑定时出现 Permission denied_bind: permission denied-CSDN博客

云服务器不允许绑定（bind）公网ip_bind主机-CSDN博客

1.2.3 服务端接受数据并返回

 void Run(func_t func) // 对代码进行分层{isrunning_ = true;char inbuffer[size];while(isrunning_){struct sockaddr_in client;socklen_t len = sizeof(client);ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd_, inbuffer, sizeof(inbuffer) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len);if(n < 0){lg(Warning, "recvfrom error, errno: %d, err string: %s", errno, strerror(errno));continue;}inbuffer[n] = 0;std::string info = inbuffer;std::string echo_string = func(info);sendto(sockfd_, echo_string.c_str(), echo_string.size(), 0, (const sockaddr*)&client, len);}}~UdpServer(){if(sockfd_>0) close(sockfd_);}

         使用 func() 函数回调，从main()函数中获取数据

2.客户端：

2.1 完整代码展示：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>using namespace std;void Usage(std::string proc)
{std::cout << "\n\rUsage: " << proc << " serverip serverport\n"<< std::endl;
}// ./udpclient serverip serverport
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{if (argc != 3){Usage(argv[0]);exit(0);}std::string serverip = argv[1];uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);struct sockaddr_in server;bzero(&server, sizeof(server));server.sin_family = AF_INET;server.sin_port = htons(serverport); //?server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverip.c_str());socklen_t len = sizeof(server);int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0){cout << "socker error" << endl;return 1;}// client 要bind吗？要！只不过不需要用户显示的bind！一般有OS自由随机选择！// 一个端口号只能被一个进程bind，对server是如此，对于client，也是如此！// 其实client的port是多少，其实不重要，只要能保证主机上的唯一性就可以！// 系统什么时候给我bind呢？首次发送数据的时候string message;char buffer[1024];while (true){cout << "Please Enter@ ";getline(cin, message);// std::cout << message << std::endl;// 1. 数据 2. 给谁发sendto(sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server, len);struct sockaddr_in temp;socklen_t len = sizeof(temp);ssize_t s = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, 1023, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&temp, &len);if(s > 0){buffer[s] = 0;cout << buffer << endl;}}close(sockfd);return 0;
}

2.2 代码解析

 2.2.1 客户端使用手则：

void Usage(std::string proc)
{std::cout << "\n\rUsage: " << proc << " serverip serverport\n"<< std::endl;
}// ./udpclient serverip serverport
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{if (argc != 3){Usage(argv[0]);exit(0);}std::string serverip = argv[1];uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);

2.2.2 创建客户端套接字

 struct sockaddr_in server;bzero(&server, sizeof(server));server.sin_family = AF_INET;server.sin_port = htons(serverport); //?server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverip.c_str());socklen_t len = sizeof(server);int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0){cout << "socker error" << endl;return 1;}

2.2.3 关于客户端是否绑定问题

        （1）client 要bind吗？要！只不过不需要用户显示的bind！一般有OS自由随机选择！
        （2）一个端口号只能被一个进程bind，对server是如此，对于client，也是如此！

        （3）其实client的port是多少，其实不重要，只要能保证主机上的唯一性就可以！
        （4）系统什么时候给我bind呢？首次发送数据的时候

参考如下:

           客户端需要bind吗？（端口号绑定的理解）_客戶端bind-CSDN博客

2.2.4 客户端传输信息给服务端

 string message;char buffer[1024];while (true){cout << "Please Enter@ ";getline(cin, message);// std::cout << message << std::endl;// 1. 数据 2. 给谁发sendto(sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server, len);struct sockaddr_in temp;socklen_t len = sizeof(temp);ssize_t s = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, 1023, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&temp, &len);if(s > 0){buffer[s] = 0;cout << buffer << endl;}}close(sockfd);return 0;
}

3.主函数

3.1完整代码

#include "UdpServer.hpp"
#include <memory>
#include <cstdio>// "120.78.126.148" 点分十进制字符串风格的IP地址void Usage(std::string proc)
{std::cout << "\n\rUsage: " << proc << " port[1024+]\n" << std::endl;
}std::string Handler(const std::string &str)
{std::string res = "Server get a message: ";res += str;std::cout << res << std::endl;// pid_t id = fork();// if(id == 0)// {//     // ls -a -l -> "ls" "-a" "-l"//     // exec*();// }return res;
}std::string ExcuteCommand(const std::string &cmd)
{// SafeCheck(cmd);FILE *fp = popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");if(nullptr == fp){perror("popen");return "error";}std::string result;char buffer[4096];while(true){char *ok = fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp);if(ok == nullptr) break;result += buffer;}pclose(fp);return result;
}// ./udpserver port
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{if(argc != 2){Usage(argv[0]);exit(0);}uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[1]);std::unique_ptr<UdpServer> svr(new UdpServer(port));svr->Init(/**/);svr->Run(Handler);return 0;
}

3.2代码解析

3.2.1  回调函数

std::string Handler(const std::string &str)
{std::string res = "Server get a message: ";res += str;std::cout << res << std::endl;// pid_t id = fork();// if(id == 0)// {//     // ls -a -l -> "ls" "-a" "-l"//     // exec*();// }return res;
}

服务端接受数据返回时的回调函数fun（）：Handler

3.2.2 功能拓展

std::string ExcuteCommand(const std::string &cmd)
{// SafeCheck(cmd);FILE *fp = popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");if(nullptr == fp){perror("popen");return "error";}std::string result;char buffer[4096];while(true){char *ok = fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp);if(ok == nullptr) break;result += buffer;}pclose(fp);return result;
}

远程执行命令！！！

参考如下：

popen()-CSDN博客

---

4.log（日志代码）

#pragma once#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>#define SIZE 1024#define Info 0
#define Debug 1
#define Warning 2
#define Error 3
#define Fatal 4#define Screen 1
#define Onefile 2
#define Classfile 3#define LogFile "log.txt"class Log
{
public:Log(){printMethod = Screen;path = "./log/";}void Enable(int method){printMethod = method;}std::string levelToString(int level){switch (level){case Info:return "Info";case Debug:return "Debug";case Warning:return "Warning";case Error:return "Error";case Fatal:return "Fatal";default:return "None";}}// void logmessage(int level, const char *format, ...)// {//     time_t t = time(nullptr);//     struct tm *ctime = localtime(&t);//     char leftbuffer[SIZE];//     snprintf(leftbuffer, sizeof(leftbuffer), "[%s][%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d]", levelToString(level).c_str(),//              ctime->tm_year + 1900, ctime->tm_mon + 1, ctime->tm_mday,//              ctime->tm_hour, ctime->tm_min, ctime->tm_sec);//     // va_list s;//     // va_start(s, format);//     char rightbuffer[SIZE];//     vsnprintf(rightbuffer, sizeof(rightbuffer), format, s);//     // va_end(s);//     // 格式：默认部分+自定义部分//     char logtxt[SIZE * 2];//     snprintf(logtxt, sizeof(logtxt), "%s %s\n", leftbuffer, rightbuffer);//     // printf("%s", logtxt); // 暂时打印//     printLog(level, logtxt);// }void printLog(int level, const std::string &logtxt){switch (printMethod){case Screen:std::cout << logtxt << std::endl;break;case Onefile:printOneFile(LogFile, logtxt);break;case Classfile:printClassFile(level, logtxt);break;default:break;}}void printOneFile(const std::string &logname, const std::string &logtxt){std::string _logname = path + logname;int fd = open(_logname.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0666); // "log.txt"if (fd < 0)return;write(fd, logtxt.c_str(), logtxt.size());close(fd);}void printClassFile(int level, const std::string &logtxt){std::string filename = LogFile;filename += ".";filename += levelToString(level); // "log.txt.Debug/Warning/Fatal"printOneFile(filename, logtxt);}~Log(){}void operator()(int level, const char *format, ...){time_t t = time(nullptr);struct tm *ctime = localtime(&t);char leftbuffer[SIZE];snprintf(leftbuffer, sizeof(leftbuffer), "[%s][%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d]", levelToString(level).c_str(),ctime->tm_year + 1900, ctime->tm_mon + 1, ctime->tm_mday,ctime->tm_hour, ctime->tm_min, ctime->tm_sec);va_list s;va_start(s, format);char rightbuffer[SIZE];vsnprintf(rightbuffer, sizeof(rightbuffer), format, s);va_end(s);// 格式：默认部分+自定义部分char logtxt[SIZE * 2];snprintf(logtxt, sizeof(logtxt), "%s %s", leftbuffer, rightbuffer);// printf("%s", logtxt); // 暂时打印printLog(level, logtxt);}private:int printMethod;std::string path;
};// int sum(int n, ...)
// {
//     va_list s; // char*
//     va_start(s, n);//     int sum = 0;
//     while(n)
//     {
//         sum += va_arg(s, int); // printf("hello %d, hello %s, hello %c, hello %d,", 1, "hello", 'c', 123);
//         n--;
//     }//     va_end(s); //s = NULL
//     return sum;
// }

5.makefile代码：

.PHONY:all
all:udpserver udpclientudpserver:Main.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11
udpclient:UdpClient.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11.PHONY:clean
clean:rm -f udpserver udpclient