C ++ 也可以搭建Web？高性能的 C++ Web 开发框架 CPPCMS + MySQL 实现快速入门案例

什么是CPPCMS？

CppCMS 是一个高性能的 C++ Web 开发框架，专为构建快速、动态的网页应用而设计，特别适合高并发和低延迟的场景。其设计理念类似于 Python 的 Django 或 Ruby on Rails，但针对 C++ 提供了更细粒度的控制和更高效的性能。

主要特点和优点

1. 高性能与并发处理

​ CppCMS 是为高性能需求而设计的。它支持大规模并发处理，能够在高负载下高效运行，特别适用于需要处理大量请求的场景。由于使用 C++ 编写，CppCMS 可以利用操作系统的原生线程和异步 I/O 操作，提供极低的延迟和高吞吐量。

2. 灵活的架构

​ 框架的设计允许开发者完全控制应用程序的各个方面，包括 URL 路由、会话管理、缓存机制、和表单处理。你可以根据具体需求自定义应用程序的各个模块，从而适应各种特殊的应用场景。

3. 集成与兼容性

​ CppCMS 能轻松与其他 C++ 库和系统组件集成，充分利用现有的 C++ 生态系统。它支持 SQLite、MySQL、PostgreSQL 等多种数据库，并提供了与 C++ 标准库的无缝集成。

4. 模板系统

​ CppCMS 提供了一个高效的模板系统，支持静态和动态内容的渲染。开发者可以在模板中定义页面布局和内容，通过与后端代码的结合，实现动态网页的生成。

5. 国际化和本地化

​ 框架内置了对国际化（i18n）和本地化（l10n）的支持，适合开发多语言应用。开发者可以轻松管理和应用不同语言的文本和格式设置。

适用场景

• 高流量网站：如社交媒体平台、新闻门户网站等，需要处理大量用户请求。
• 实时数据处理：如在线游戏服务器、实时消息传递系统，要求极低的响应时间。
• 复杂后台服务：如需要提供高性能 RESTful API 或者后台服务的系统。

简单入门案例

1. 项目结构

2. CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(c_web)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)# 指定源文件
set(SOURCE_FILES src/main.cpp src/blog.cpp)# 手动设置 CppCMS 和 Booster 的头文件路径
include_directories(/usr/local/include)# 手动设置库文件路径
link_directories(/usr/local/lib)# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(c_web ${SOURCE_FILES})# 查找数据库
include_directories(/usr/include/cppconn /usr/include/mysql)
link_directories(/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu)# 链接 CppCMS 和 Booster 库 MySQL
target_link_libraries(c_web cppcms booster mysqlcppconn)

说明：自行安装所需要的依赖库和定位库的位置，以下是获取手动安装的cppcms，其他通过apt安装的自行查找库依赖和位置。

获取编译器标志：

pkg-config --cflags cppcms

获取链接器标志：

pkg-config --libs cppcms

3. config.json

{"service": {"api": "http","port": 8080,"ip": "0.0.0.0"},"http": {"script": "","static": "/static"}
}

4. main.cpp

#include <cppcms/service.h>
#include <cppcms/applications_pool.h>
#include <cppcms/http_response.h>
#include <cppcms/url_dispatcher.h>
#include "blog.h"
#include <cppcms/json.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {try {cppcms::service app(argc, argv);// 创建博客应用的实例并将其添加到应用程序池中app.applications_pool().mount(cppcms::applications_factory<blog>());// 运行服务app.run();}catch (std::exception const &e) {std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;}
}

5. blog.h

#ifndef BLOG_H
#define BLOG_H
#include <cppcms/application.h>
#include <cppcms/http_response.h>
#include <cppcms/http_request.h>
#include <cppcms/url_dispatcher.h>
#include <cppcms/url_mapper.h>
#include <mysql_driver.h>
#include <mysql_connection.h>
#include <cppconn/statement.h>
#include <cppconn/prepared_statement.h>
class blog : public cppcms::application {
public:blog(cppcms::service &srv);void index();void show_register();void handle_register();void show_login();void handle_login();std::unique_ptr<sql::Connection> connectToDatabase();void createDatabase(sql::Connection* con, const std::string& dbName);void createTable(sql::Connection* con);
private:void serve_html(const std::string &path);
};
#endif

6. blog.cpp

#include "blog.h"
#include <fstream>blog::blog(cppcms::service &srv) : cppcms::application(srv) {dispatcher().map("GET", "/", &blog::index, this);dispatcher().map("GET", "/register", &blog::show_register, this);dispatcher().map("POST", "/register", &blog::handle_register, this);dispatcher().map("GET", "/login", &blog::show_login, this);dispatcher().map("POST", "/login", &blog::handle_login, this);
}std::unique_ptr<sql::Connection> blog::connectToDatabase() {sql::mysql::MySQL_Driver* driver = sql::mysql::get_mysql_driver_instance();std::unique_ptr<sql::Connection> con(driver->connect("tcp://127.0.0.1:3306", "root", "123456"));con->setSchema("blog");return con;
}void blog::index() {serve_html("./views/index.html");
}void blog::show_register() {serve_html("./views/register.html");
}void blog::createDatabase(sql::Connection* con, const std::string& dbName) {std::unique_ptr<sql::Statement> stmt(con->createStatement());stmt->execute("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS " + dbName);stmt->execute("USE " + dbName);
}void blog::createTable(sql::Connection* con) {std::unique_ptr<sql::Statement> stmt(con->createStatement());stmt->execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (""id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,""username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,""password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,""email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL"")");
}void blog::handle_register() {std::string username = request().post("username");std::string password = request().post("password");std::string email = request().post("email");try {auto con = connectToDatabase();createDatabase(con.get(), "blog");createTable(con.get());std::unique_ptr<sql::PreparedStatement> pstmt(con->prepareStatement("INSERT INTO users(username, password, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"));pstmt->setString(1, username);pstmt->setString(2, password);pstmt->setString(3, email);pstmt->executeUpdate();response().out() << "<p>User registered successfully: " << username << "</p>"<< "<p>Registered password: " << password << "</p>"<< "<p>Registered email: " << email << "</p>";} catch (sql::SQLException &e) {response().out() << "<p>Error registering user: " << e.what() << "</p>";}
}void blog::show_login() {serve_html("./views/login.html");
}void blog::handle_login() {std::string username = request().post("username");std::string password = request().post("password");try {auto con = connectToDatabase();std::unique_ptr<sql::PreparedStatement> pstmt(con->prepareStatement("SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?"));pstmt->setString(1, username);std::unique_ptr<sql::ResultSet> res(pstmt->executeQuery());if (res->next()) {std::string stored_password = res->getString("password");if (stored_password == password) {response().out() << "<p>Logged in successfully as: " << username << "</p>";} else {response().out() << "<p>Invalid password.</p>";}} else {response().out() << "<p>User not found.</p>";}} catch (sql::SQLException &e) {response().out() << "<p>Error: " << e.what() << "</p>";}
}void blog::serve_html(const std::string &path) {std::ifstream file(path);if (file.is_open()) {std::string content((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());response().out() << content;} else {response().status(404);response().out() << "Page not found";}
}

7. login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Login</title><!-- 引入 FontAwesome 图标库 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.0.0-beta3/css/all.min.css"><style>/* 全局样式 */body {font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;background-color: #fdfdfd;color: #333;margin: 0;padding: 0;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;height: 100vh;background-image: url('https://source.unsplash.com/1600x900/?nature,water');background-size: cover;background-position: center;}/* 表单容器 */.form-container {background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);padding: 30px 40px;border-radius: 10px;box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);max-width: 400px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;backdrop-filter: blur(10px);}/* 标题 */.form-container h1 {text-align: center;margin-bottom: 20px;font-size: 26px;color: #555;font-weight: 300;}/* 表单项 */.form-group {position: relative;margin-bottom: 20px; /* 调整了间距，减小输入框间的距离 */}.form-group input {width: 100%;padding: 12px 40px 12px 40px; /* 调整了内边距，确保图标和标签都能正确显示 */border: 1px solid #ddd;border-radius: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;background-color: #fdfdfd;transition: border-color 0.3s ease;}.form-group input:focus {border-color: #888;outline: none;}.form-group label {position: absolute;left: 40px;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);color: #aaa;font-size: 16px;transition: all 0.3s ease;pointer-events: none;}.form-group input:focus + label,.form-group input:not(:placeholder-shown) + label {top: -10px;left: 40px;font-size: 12px;color: #555;background-color: white;padding: 0 5px;}.form-group .fa {position: absolute;left: 15px; /* 图标距离输入框左侧的距离 */top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);color: #888;font-size: 18px; /* 调整了图标大小 */}/* 提交按钮 */.form-group button {width: 100%;padding: 12px 15px;background-color: #333;border: none;border-radius: 5px;color: white;font-size: 16px;cursor: pointer;transition: background-color 0.3s ease;font-weight: 500;}.form-group button:hover {background-color: #555;}/* 响应式设计 */@media (max-width: 480px) {.form-container {padding: 20px 30px;}.form-container h1 {font-size: 22px;}.form-group input {padding: 10px 30px 10px 30px; /* 在小屏幕上调整内边距，确保输入框不拥挤 */}.form-group .fa {left: 10px; /* 在小屏幕上调整图标位置 */}.form-group label {left: 35px; /* 在小屏幕上调整标签位置 */}}</style>
</head>
<body><div class="form-container"><h1>Login</h1><form method="post" action="/login"><div class="form-group"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder=" " required><label for="username">Username</label></div><div class="form-group"><i class="fa fa-lock"></i><input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder=" " required><label for="password">Password</label></div><div class="form-group"><button type="submit">Login</button></div></form><div class="toggle-link"><a href="/register">Don't have an account? Register</a></div></div>
</body>
</html>

8. register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Register</title><!-- 引入 FontAwesome 图标库 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.0.0-beta3/css/all.min.css"><style>/* 全局样式 */body {font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;background-color: #fdfdfd;color: #333;margin: 0;padding: 0;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;height: 100vh;background-image: url('https://source.unsplash.com/1600x900/?nature,water');background-size: cover;}/* 表单容器 */.form-container {background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);padding: 20px 40px;border-radius: 10px;box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);max-width: 400px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;backdrop-filter: blur(10px);}/* 标题 */.form-container h1 {text-align: center;margin-bottom: 20px;font-size: 26px;color: #555;font-weight: 300;}/* 表单项 */.form-group {position: relative;margin-bottom: 25px;}.form-group input {width: 100%;padding: 12px 15px 12px 40px;border: 1px solid #ddd;border-radius: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;background-color: #fdfdfd;transition: border-color 0.3s ease;}.form-group input:focus {border-color: #888;outline: none;}.form-group label {position: absolute;left: 40px;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);color: #aaa;font-size: 16px;transition: all 0.3s ease;pointer-events: none;}.form-group input:focus + label,.form-group input:not(:placeholder-shown) + label {top: -10px;left: 40px;font-size: 12px;color: #555;background-color: white;padding: 0 5px;}.form-group .fa {position: absolute;left: 10px;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);color: #888;}/* 提交按钮 */.form-group button {width: 100%;padding: 12px 15px;background-color: #333;border: none;border-radius: 5px;color: white;font-size: 16px;cursor: pointer;transition: background-color 0.3s ease;font-weight: 500;}.form-group button:hover {background-color: #555;}/* 响应式设计 */@media (max-width: 480px) {.form-container {padding: 15px 20px;}.form-container h1 {font-size: 22px;}}</style>
</head>
<body><div class="form-container"><h1>Register</h1><form method="post" action="/register"><div class="form-group"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder=" " required><label for="username">Username</label></div><div class="form-group"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><input type="email" id="email" name="email" placeholder=" " required><label for="email">Email</label></div><div class="form-group"><i class="fa fa-lock"></i><input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder=" " required><label for="password">Password</label></div><div class="form-group"><button type="submit">Register</button></div></form><div class="toggle-link"><a href="/login">Already have an account? Login</a></div></div>
</body>
</html>

9. 验证测试

9.1 启动命令

cmake ./
make
./c_web -c ./config.json

说明：光标闪烁即启动成功了。

9.2 注册测试

9.3 注册结果

9.4 登录测试

9.5 登录结果

10. 总结

​ 基于·Ubutun系统，通过 CppCMS + MySQL 实现简单的数据库连接和测试工作，即注册和登录操作完成快速入门。