Spring框架整合单元测试

目录

一、配置文件方式

1.导入依赖

2.编写类和方法

3.配置文件applicationContext-test.xml

4.测试类

5.运行结果

二、全注解方式

1.编写类和方法

2.配置类

3.测试类

4.运行结果

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每次进行单元测试的时候，都需要编写创建工厂，加载配置文件等相关操作，比较繁琐，现在Spring提供了整合Junit单元测试的技术，可以简化测试开发，所以必须首先要有Junit单元测试的环境，也就是要导入Junit单元测试的依赖，还有spring-test的依赖

这里用了两种方式去整合，一种是配置文件的方式，一种是全注解的方式

一、配置文件方式

1.导入依赖

需要导入spring的核心依赖、Junit单元测试的依赖和spring-test的依赖

    <dependencies><!--spring的核心依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging --><dependency><groupId>commons-logging</groupId><artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j --><!--日志--><dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>1.2.12</version></dependency>------------------------------------------------------//主要是这个<!--测试--><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version><scope>test</scope></dependency>-------------------------------------------------------<!--连接池--><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid</artifactId><version>1.1.10</version></dependency><!--mysql--><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version></dependency>------------------------------------------------------------//也得有这个<!--spring-test--><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version><scope>test</scope></dependency>----------------------------------------------------------</dependencies>

2.编写类和方法

把该类交给spring去管理

public class User {public void sayHello(){System.out.println("Hello--------------");}
}

3.配置文件applicationContext-test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!--整合单元测试--><bean id="user" class="com.test.pojo.User"></bean>
</beans>

4.测试类

import com.test.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;/*
* Spring整合Junit单元测试
* */
@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  //运行单元测试
@ContextConfiguration(value = "classpath:applicationContext-test.xml")//加载类路径下的配置文件
public class Demo {//按类型自动注入@Autowiredprivate User user;@Testpublic void run1(){user.sayHello();}
}

5.运行结果

二、全注解方式

依赖没有变，只是没有配置文件了，换成了配置类；

并且重新换了一个类Customer，没有用配置文件方式里的User类

1.编写类和方法

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class Customer {public void save(){System.out.println("保存客户");}
}

2.配置类

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration//声明当前是配置类
@ComponentScan(value = "com.test.pojo") //扫描包
public class SpringConfig {}

3.测试类

import com.test.config.SpringConfig;
import com.test.pojo.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  //运行单元测试
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)//加载配置类
public class Demo1 {@Autowired //按类型注入private Customer customer;@Testpublic void run1(){customer.save();}}

4.运行结果