ZABBIX 6.4 Mysql数据库分表

ZABBIX监控设备较多的时候，Mysql数据库容易成为性能的瓶颈，可以通过数据库分表的方式来进行优化。步骤如下：

一、停用zabbix服务

# 避免修改分区表时，数据还有写入

systemctl stop zabbix

二、备份MySQL zabbix DB

避免修改分区表后各类异常，以便回滚

# 备份db:

mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -pP@ssw0rd1234 --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 -R -E zabbix --log-error=/usr/tmp/zabbix0323.log > /usr/tmp/zabbix0323.sql

三、进入mysql数据库输入脚本

mysql -uroot -p

以下为脚本内容

use zabbix;DELIMITER $$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int) 
BEGIN /* SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create */ /* Verify that the partition does not already exist */DECLARE RETROWS INT; SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;IF RETROWS = 0 THEN /* 1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created. 2. Create the SQL to create the partition. 3. Execute the SQL from #2. */ SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg; SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' ); PREPARE STMT FROM @sql; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF; 
END$$ 
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT) 
BEGIN /* SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd) */ DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE; DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);/* Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character. */ DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR SELECT partition_name FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;/* Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that should be deleted. */ SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION "); SET @drop_partitions = "";/* Start looping through all the partitions that are too old. */ OPEN myCursor; read_loop: LOOP FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name; IF done THEN LEAVE read_loop; END IF; SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name)); END LOOP; IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN /* 1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions. 2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions. 3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted. */ SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";"); PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`; ELSE /* No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate that no changes were made. */ SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`; END IF; 
END$$ 
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT) 
BEGIN DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16); DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT; DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL); SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));SET @__interval = 1; create_loop: LOOP IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN LEAVE create_loop; END IF;SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600); SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00'); IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP); END IF; SET @__interval=@__interval+1; SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME; END LOOP;SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000'); CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
END$$ 
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11)) 
BEGIN DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE RETROWS INT(11); DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;/* * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME. */ SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;/* * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table */ IF RETROWS = 1 THEN /* * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values. * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000"). */ SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00')); SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');-- Create the partitioning query SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)"); SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");-- Run the partitioning query PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF; 
END$$ 
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32)) 
BEGIN CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 7); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 90, 24, 7); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 90, 24, 7); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 90, 24, 7); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 90, 24, 7); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 7); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 7); 
END$$ 
DELIMITER ;

语法格式 说明 ： 

CALL partition_maintenance('', '', , , ) 

例， CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 7);

90: 意思是对history表未来保留90天分区的数据

24: 意思是 对history表 每24小时(1天)建立一个分区

7: 意思 是对history表每 次建立7个分区，如果每天执行存储话，比如今天3月23号第一次执行存储过程会创建3月23号到3月29号 7个分区，明天3月24号创建3月24号到3月30号 7个分区，但是因为24到29号的分区3月23号执行存储过程时已经建立，就只会创建3月30号的一个分区。以后每天依此类推

另外，因为我们zabbix已经有历史数据了，第一次执行存储时会把所有的历史数据全部放入第一个3月23号的分区中

四、执行分表并写入日志

nohup /usr/bin/mysql -h127.0.0.1 -u zabbix -pZabbix@123 -D zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');" >> /data/mysql/partition.log 2>&1 &

mysql -uroot -p

use zabbix

show create table history;

如果显示这样则为分表正常

五、设定每日维护分区排程

#每天凌晨1点执行存储过程，新建分区和删除历史分区 

crontab -e

0 1 * * * /usr/bin/mysql -h127.0.0.1 -u zabbix -pZabbix@123 -D zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"  1>/data/mysql/partition_job.log 2>/data/mysql/partition_job.bad

六、启用zabbix服务

# 避免修改分区表时，数据还有写入

systemctl start zabbix

七、 更改内部管家服务设定 

#历史记录和趋势两个选项下的“开启内部管理服务”功能需要关闭

 完成