企业宣传网站建设说明书/网址制作

1、gRPC认证

前面篇章的gRPC都是明文传输的，容易被篡改数据，本章将介绍如何为gRPC添加安全机制。

gRPC默认内置了两种认证方式：

• SSL/TLS认证方式

• 基于Token的认证方式

同时，gRPC提供了接口用于扩展自定义认证方式。

1.1 TLS认证

1.1.1 什么是TLS

TLS（Transport Layer Security，安全传输层)，TLS是建立在传输层TCP协议之上的协议，服务于应用层，它的前

身是SSL（Secure Socket Layer，安全套接字层），它实现了将应用层的报文进行加密后再交由TCP进行传输的功

能。

1.1.2 TLS的作用

TLS协议主要解决如下三个网络安全问题。

• 保密(message privacy)，保密通过加密encryption实现，所有信息都加密传输，第三方无法嗅探；

• 完整性(message integrity)，通过MAC校验机制，一旦被篡改，通信双方会立刻发现；

• 认证(mutual authentication)，双方认证,双方都可以配备证书，防止身份被冒充；

这里实现TLS认证机制，首先需要准备证书，在tls_demo目录新建keys目录用于存放证书文件。

1.1.3 证书制作

openSSL下载安装地址：http://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html

(1)、制作私钥 (server.key)

# 生成RSA私钥
[root@zsx keys]# openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.................+++
...................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
# 或者可以生成ECC私钥
# 生成ECC私钥,命令为椭圆曲线密钥参数生成及操作,这里ECC曲线选择的是secp384r1
openssl ecparam -genkey -name secp384r1 -out server.key

[root@zsx keys]# ls
server.key

(2)、自签名公钥(server.pem)

会生成serve.pem，其中Common Name也就是域名，我填的是xgrpc.com。

[root@zsx keys]# openssl req -new -x509 -sha256 -key server.key -out server.pem -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:tj
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:tj
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:ndty
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ndty
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:xgrpc.com
Email Address []:[e-mail]

• openssl req生成自签名证书
• -new指生成证书请求
• -sha256指使用sha256加密
• -key指定私钥文件
• -x509指输出证书
• -days 3650为有效期
• -out输出证书的文件名

[root@zsx keys]# ls
server.key  server.pem
# 使用方式
# credentials.NewServerTLSFromFile("server.pem","server.key")

上面的两个步骤是不带密码的，可以生成带密码的，这里只简单的列举命令，具体的使用请参考下面SAN证书生

成：

# 1、生成CA私钥(ca.key)
openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 2048 
# 2、生成CA证书签名请求(ca.csr)
openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr
# 该命令需要输入密码,如果不想输入命令简单使用可以先执行下面的这条命令,在执行该命令
# 这条命令会去掉密码
# openssl rsa -in ca.key -out ca.key
# 生成自签名CA证书(ca.cert)
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in ca.csr -signkey ca.key -out ca.crt
# 生成的ca.key和ca.crt就可以使用了
# credentials.NewServerTLSFromFile("ca.crt","ca.key")

go1.15 版本开始废弃CommonName，因此推荐使用SAN证书。

如果想兼容之前的方式，需要设置环境变量 GODEBUG为 x509ignoreCN=0。

否则将会运行报错：

rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = "transport: authentication handshake failed: x509: certificate relies on legacy Common Name field, use SANs or temporarily enable Common Name matching with GODEBUG=x509ignoreCN=0"

1.1.4 使用openssl生成SAN证书

SAN(Subject Alternative Name)是 SSL 标准 x509 中定义的一个扩展。使用了 SAN 字段的 SSL 证书，可以扩

展此证书支持的域名，使得一个证书可以支持多个不同域名的解析。

由于Golang 1.17以上强制使用SAN证书，故需要在此进行生成。

1、创建一个cert目录用于保存证书和配置文件。

2、创建配置文件(openssl.cnf)，并保存到cert目录下，内容如下：

[CA_default]
copy_extensions = copy[req]
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
x509_extensions = v3_req
prompt = no[req_distinguished_name]
# 国家
C = CN
# 省份
ST = Shenzhen
# 城市
L = Shenzhen
# 组织
O = Arvin
# 部门
OU = Arvin
# 域名
CN = test.example.com[v3_req]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names[alt_names]
# 解析域名
DNS.1 = *.test.example.com
# 可配置多个域名
DNS.2 = *.example.com

3、生成根证书（rootCa）

使用命令行工具，进入到cert目录下，并执行如下命令：

# 生成私钥,密码可以输入123456
[root@zsx cert]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..........................................+++
....+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for ca.key:123456

# 使用私钥来签名证书
[root@zsx cert]# openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:123456
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Shenzhen
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Shenzhen
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Arvin
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Arvin
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:test.example.com
Email Address []:[e-mail] enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []: # 回车即可
An optional company name []: # 回车即可

# 使用私钥+证书来生成公钥
[root@zsx cert]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in ca.csr -signkey ca.key -out ca.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=Shenzhen/L=Shenzhen/O=Arvin/OU=Arvin/CN=test.example.com/emailAddress=[e-mail]
Getting Private key
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:123456

[root@zsx cert]# ls
ca.crt  ca.csr  ca.key  openssl.cnf

4、在cert目录下，分别创建server、client目录，它们用来保存服务器密钥与客户端密钥。

5、生成服务器密钥

使用命令行工具，进入到cert目录下，并执行如下命令：

# 生成服务器私钥
[root@zsx cert]# openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out server/server.key
................++++++
....++++++# 使用私钥来签名证书
[root@zsx cert]# openssl req -new -nodes -key server/server.key -out server/server.csr -config openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req# 生成SAN证书
$ [root@zsx cert]# openssl x509 -req -in server/server.csr -out server/server.pem -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -extfile ./openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=Shenzhen/L=Shenzhen/O=Arvin/OU=Arvin/CN=test.example.com
Getting CA Private Key
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:123456

6、生成客户端密钥

使用命令行工具，进入到cert目录下，并执行如下命令：

# 生成客户端私钥
[root@zsx cert]# openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out client/client.key
...++++++
...++++++# 使用私钥来签名证书
[root@zsx cert]# openssl req -new -nodes -key client/client.key -out client/client.csr -config openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req# 生成SAN证书
[root@zsx cert]# openssl x509 -req -in client/client.csr -out client/client.pem -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -extfile ./openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=Shenzhen/L=Shenzhen/O=Arvin/OU=Arvin/CN=test.example.com
Getting CA Private Key
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:123456

[root@zsx protoc]# tree tls_demo/
tls_demo/
└── cert├── ca.crt├── ca.csr├── ca.key├── ca.srl├── client│   ├── client.csr│   ├── client.key│   └── client.pem├── openssl.cnf└── server├── server.csr├── server.key└── server.pem3 directories, 11 files

1.1.5 编写hello.proto

// 指定proto版本
syntax = "proto3";
// 指定包名
package hello;
option go_package="./hello";// 定义Hello服务
service Hello {// 定义SayHello方法rpc SayHello(HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}// HelloRequest 请求结构
message HelloRequest {string name = 1;
}// HelloReply 响应结构
message HelloReply {string message = 1;
}

运行：

[root@zsx tls_demo]# protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. hello.proto

1.1.6 服务端server.go

package mainimport ("context""fmt"pb "tls_demo/hello""google.golang.org/grpc"// 引入grpc认证包"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""net""log"
)const (// Address gRPC服务地址Address = "127.0.0.1:50052"
)// 定义helloService并实现约定的接口
type helloService struct{}// HelloService Hello服务
var HelloService = helloService{}// SayHello 实现Hello服务接口
func (h helloService) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *pb.HelloRequest) (*pb.HelloReply, error) {resp := new(pb.HelloReply)resp.Message = fmt.Sprintf("Hello %s.", in.Name)return resp, nil
}func main() {log.Println("服务端启动!")listen, err := net.Listen("tcp", Address)if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to listen: %v", err)}// TLS认证creds, err := credentials.NewServerTLSFromFile("./cert/server/server.pem", "./cert/server/server.key")if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to generate credentials %v", err)}// 实例化grpc Server, 并开启TLS认证s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.Creds(creds))// 注册HelloServicepb.RegisterHelloServer(s, HelloService)log.Println("Listen on " + Address + " with TLS")s.Serve(listen)
}

• credentials.NewServerTLSFromFile：从输入证书文件和密钥文件为服务端构造TLS凭证

• grpc.Creds：返回一个ServerOption，用于设置服务器连接的凭证。

运行：

[root@zsx tls_demo]# go run server.go
2023/02/11 09:55:59 服务端启动!
2023/02/11 09:55:59 Listen on 127.0.0.1:50052 with TLS

服务端在实例化grpc Server时，可配置多种选项，TLS认证是其中之一。

1.1.7 客户端client.go

package mainimport ("context"// 引入proto包pb "tls_demo/hello""google.golang.org/grpc"// 引入grpc认证包"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""log"
)const (// Address gRPC服务地址Address = "127.0.0.1:50052"
)func main() {log.Println("客户端连接!")// TLS连接creds, err := credentials.NewClientTLSFromFile("./cert/server/server.pem", "test.example.com")if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to create TLS credentials %v", err)}conn, err := grpc.Dial(Address, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds))if err != nil {log.Fatalln("err:", err)}defer conn.Close()// 初始化客户端c := pb.NewHelloClient(conn)// 调用方法req := &pb.HelloRequest{Name: "gRPC"}res, err := c.SayHello(context.Background(), req)if err != nil {log.Fatalln(err)}log.Println(res.Message)
}

• credentials.NewClientTLSFromFile：从输入的证书文件中为客户端构造TLS凭证。

• grpc.WithTransportCredentials：配置连接级别的安全凭证（例如，TLS/SSL），返回一个DialOption，

  用于连接服务器。

运行：

[root@zsx tls_demo]# go run client.go
2023/02/11 10:00:11 客户端连接!
2023/02/11 10:00:11 Hello gRPC.

客户端添加TLS认证的方式和服务端类似，在创建连接Dial时，同样可以配置多种选项，后面的示例中会看到更

多的选项。

# 项目结构
[root@zsx protoc]# tree tls_demo/
tls_demo/
├── cert
│   ├── ca.crt
│   ├── ca.csr
│   ├── ca.key
│   ├── ca.srl
│   ├── client
│   │   ├── client.csr
│   │   ├── client.key
│   │   └── client.pem
│   ├── openssl.cnf
│   └── server
│       ├── server.csr
│       ├── server.key
│       └── server.pem
├── client.go
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── hello
│   └── hello.pb.go
├── hello.proto
└── server.go4 directories, 17 files

1.2 Token认证

到这里，已经完成TLS证书认证了，gRPC传输不再是明文传输。此外，添加自定义的验证方法能使gRPC相对更安

全。下面以TLS + Token认证为例，介绍gRPC如何添加自定义验证方法。

1.2.1 Token认证原理

客户端发请求时，添加Token到上下文context.Context中，服务器接收到请求，先从上下文中获取Token验

证，验证通过才进行下一步处理。

客户端请求添加Token到上下文中：

conn, err := grpc.Dial(Address, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds), grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(&token))

type PerRPCCredentials interface {GetRequestMetadata(ctx context.Context, uri ...string) (map[string]string, error)RequireTransportSecurity() bool
}

gRPC 中默认定义了 PerRPCCredentials，是提供用于自定义认证的接口，它的作用是将所需的安全认证信息添

加到每个RPC方法的上下文中。其包含 2 个方法：

• GetRequestMetadata：获取当前请求认证所需的元数据。
• RequireTransportSecurity：是否需要基于 TLS 认证进行安全传输。

package authimport ("context"
)// Token token认证
type Token struct {AppID     stringAppSecret string
}// GetRequestMetadata 获取当前请求认证所需的元数据
func (t *Token) GetRequestMetadata(ctx context.Context, uri ...string) (map[string]string, error) {return map[string]string{"app_id": t.AppID, "app_secret": t.AppSecret}, nil
}// RequireTransportSecurity 是否需要基于 TLS 认证进行安全传输
func (t *Token) RequireTransportSecurity() bool {return true
}

//构建Token
token := auth.Token{AppID: "grpc_token",AppSecret: "123456",
}
// 连接服务器
conn, err := grpc.Dial(Address, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds),grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(&token))

1.2.2 服务端tserver.go

package mainimport ("fmt"pb "tls_demo/hello""golang.org/x/net/context""google.golang.org/grpc""google.golang.org/grpc/codes""google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"// 引入grpc认证包"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""log""net"
)const (// Address gRPC服务地址Address = "127.0.0.1:50052"
)// 定义helloService并实现约定的接口
type helloService struct{}// HelloService ...
var HelloService = helloService{}// SayHello 实现Hello服务接口
func (h helloService) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *pb.HelloRequest) (*pb.HelloReply, error) {// 解析metada中的信息并验证md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)if !ok {return nil, grpc.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "无Token认证信息")}// metadata:  map[:authority:[test.example.com] appid:[101010] appkey:[I am key] content-type:[application/grpc] user-agent:[grpc-go/1.53.0]]log.Println("metadata: ",md)var (appid  stringappkey string)if val, ok := md["appid"]; ok {appid = val[0]}if val, ok := md["appkey"]; ok {appkey = val[0]}if appid != "101010" || appkey != "I am key" {return nil, grpc.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "Token认证信息无效: appid=%s, appkey=%s", appid, appkey)}resp := new(pb.HelloReply)resp.Message = fmt.Sprintf("Hello %s.\nToken info: appid=%s,appkey=%s", in.Name, appid, appkey)return resp, nil
}func main() {listen, err := net.Listen("tcp", Address)if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)}// TLS认证creds, err := credentials.NewServerTLSFromFile("./cert/server/server.pem", "./cert/server/server.key")if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to generate credentials %v", err)}// 实例化grpc Server, 并开启TLS认证s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.Creds(creds))// 注册HelloServicepb.RegisterHelloServer(s, HelloService)log.Println("Listen on " + Address + " with TLS + Token")s.Serve(listen)
}

• metadata.FromIncomingContext：从上下文中获取元数据

运行：

[root@zsx tls_demo]# go run tserver.go
2023/02/11 10:18:05 Listen on 127.0.0.1:50052 with TLS + Token

1.2.3 客户端tclient.go

这里我们定义了一个customCredential结构，并实现了两个方法GetRequestMetadata和

RequireTransportSecurity。这是gRPC提供的自定义认证方式，每次RPC调用都会传输认证信息。

customCredential其实是实现了grpc/credential包内的PerRPCCredentials接口。每次调用，token信息会

通过请求的metadata传输到服务端。下面具体看一下服务端如何获取metadata中的信息。

package mainimport ("context"// 引入proto包pb "tls_demo/hello""google.golang.org/grpc"// 引入grpc认证包"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""log"
)const (// Address gRPC服务地址Address = "127.0.0.1:50052"// OpenTLS 是否开启TLS认证OpenTLS = true
)// customCredential 自定义认证
type customCredential struct{}// GetRequestMetadata 实现自定义认证接口
func (c customCredential) GetRequestMetadata(ctx context.Context, uri ...string) (map[string]string, error) {return map[string]string{"appid":  "101010","appkey": "I am key",}, nil
}// RequireTransportSecurity 自定义认证是否开启TLS
func (c customCredential) RequireTransportSecurity() bool {return OpenTLS
}func main() {var err errorvar opts []grpc.DialOptionif OpenTLS {// TLS连接creds, err := credentials.NewClientTLSFromFile("./cert/server/server.pem", "test.example.com")if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to create TLS credentials %v", err)}opts = append(opts, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds))} else {opts = append(opts, grpc.WithInsecure())}// 使用自定义认证opts = append(opts, grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(new(customCredential)))conn, err := grpc.Dial(Address, opts...)if err != nil {log.Fatalln(err)}defer conn.Close()// 初始化客户端c := pb.NewHelloClient(conn)// 调用方法req := &pb.HelloRequest{Name: "gRPC"}res, err := c.SayHello(context.Background(), req)if err != nil {log.Fatalln(err)}log.Println(res.Message)
}

运行结果：

[root@zsx tls_demo]# go run tclient.go
2023/02/11 10:40:21 Hello gRPC.
Token info: appid=101010,appkey=I am key

修改appkey的值为i am key，验证认证失败结果：

[root@zsx tls_demo]# go run tclient.go
2023/02/11 10:40:59 rpc error: code = Unauthenticated desc = Token认证信息无效: appid=101010, appkey=i am key
exit status 1

# 项目结构
$ tree tls_demo/
tls_demo/
├── cert
│   ├── ca.crt
│   ├── ca.csr
│   ├── ca.key
│   ├── ca.srl
│   ├── client
│   │   ├── client.csr
│   │   ├── client.key
│   │   └── client.pem
│   ├── openssl.cnf
│   └── server
│       ├── server.csr
│       ├── server.key
│       └── server.pem
├── client.go
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── hello
│   └── hello.pb.go
├── hello.proto
├── server.go
├── tclient.go
└── tserver.go

1.3 JWT认证

1.3.1 proto编写和编译

syntax = "proto3";
package api;
option go_package = "./api;api";service Ping {rpc Login (LoginRequest) returns (LoginReply) {}rpc SayHello(PingMessage) returns (PingMessage) {}
}message LoginRequest {string username = 1;string password = 2;
}message LoginReply {string status = 1;string token = 2;
}message PingMessage {string greeting = 1;
}

$ protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. api/api.proto

1.3.2 jwt工具类

/api/authtoken.go文件的内容如下：

package apiimport ("context""fmt""github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go""google.golang.org/grpc/metadata""time"
)// 生成token
func CreateToken(userName string) (tokenString string) {token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, jwt.MapClaims{"iss":      "lora-app-server","aud":      "lora-app-server","nbf":      time.Now().Unix(),"exp":      time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),"sub":      "user","username": userName,})tokenString, err := token.SignedString([]byte("verysecret"))if err != nil {panic(err)}return tokenString
}// AuthToekn自定义认证
type AuthToekn struct {Token string
}// AuthToekn实现了该方法,相当于实现了PerRPCCredentials接口
func (c AuthToekn) GetRequestMetadata(ctx context.Context, uri ...string) (map[string]string, error) {return map[string]string{"authorization": c.Token,}, nil
}// AuthToekn实现了该方法,相当于实现了PerRPCCredentials接口
// 是否验证证书
func (c AuthToekn) RequireTransportSecurity() bool {return false
}// Claims defines the struct containing the token claims.
type Claims struct {jwt.StandardClaims// Username defines the identity of the user.Username string `json:"username"`
}// Step1. 从 context 的 metadata 中，取出 token
func getTokenFromContext(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)if !ok {return "", fmt.Errorf("ErrNoMetadataInContext")}// md 的类型是 type MD map[string][]stringtoken, ok := md["authorization"]if !ok || len(token) == 0 {return "", fmt.Errorf("ErrNoAuthorizationInMetadata")}// 因此，token 是一个字符串数组，我们只用了 token[0]return token[0], nil
}func CheckAuth(ctx context.Context) (username string) {tokenStr, err := getTokenFromContext(ctx)if err != nil {panic("get token from context error")}var clientClaims Claimstoken, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(tokenStr, &clientClaims, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {if token.Header["alg"] != "HS256" {panic("ErrInvalidAlgorithm")}return []byte("verysecret"), nil})if err != nil {panic("jwt parse error")}if !token.Valid {panic("ErrInvalidToken")}fmt.Println("parse token is: ", token)return clientClaims.Username
}

1.3.3 逻辑处理

api/handler.go文件的内容如下：

package apiimport ("fmt""golang.org/x/net/context"
)// Server represents the gRPC server
type Server struct {
}// 登录处理
func (s *Server) Login(ctx context.Context, in *LoginRequest) (*LoginReply, error) {fmt.Println("Loginrequest: ", in.Username)if in.Username == "gavin" && in.Password == "gavin" {// 创建jwttokenString := CreateToken(in.Username)fmt.Println("generate token is: ", tokenString)return &LoginReply{Status: "200", Token: tokenString}, nil} else {return &LoginReply{Status: "403", Token: ""}, nil}
}// SayHello generates response to a Ping request
func (s *Server) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *PingMessage) (*PingMessage, error) {msg := "bar"// 逻辑处理前需要验证jwtuserName := CheckAuth(ctx)msg += " " + userNamereturn &PingMessage{Greeting: msg}, nil
}

1.3.4 服务端

package mainimport ("demo/api""fmt""google.golang.org/grpc""log""net"
)func main() {lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", 7777))if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)}s := api.Server{}grpcServer := grpc.NewServer()api.RegisterPingServer(grpcServer, &s)if err := grpcServer.Serve(lis); err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %s", err)}
}

$ go run server.go
Loginrequest:  gavin
generate token is:  eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJsb3JhLWFwcC1zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE2NzY2MDE3MTgsImlzcyI6ImxvcmEtYXBwLXNlcnZlciIsIm5iZiI6MTY3NjU5ODExOCwic3ViIjoidXNlciIsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiZ2F2aW4ifQ.IoAmUq2Vm90I5dWEgNEGc22c7YspVJN4cLeOWS16gaA
parse token is:  &{eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJsb3JhLWFwcC1zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE2NzY2MDE3MTgsImlzcyI6ImxvcmEtYXBwLXNlcnZlciIsIm5iZiI6MTY3NjU5ODExOCwic3ViIjoidXNlciIsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiZ2F2aW4ifQ.IoAmUq2Vm90I5dWEgNEGc22c7YspVJN4cLeOWS16gaA 0xc00000e600 map[alg:HS256 typ:JWT] 0xc0001684d0 IoAmUq2Vm90I5dWEgNEGc22c7YspVJN4cLeOWS16gaA true}

1.3.5 客户端

package mainimport ("context""demo/api""fmt""google.golang.org/grpc""log"
)func main() {var conn *grpc.ClientConnconn, err := grpc.Dial(":7777", grpc.WithInsecure())if err != nil {log.Fatalf("did not connect: %s", err)}defer conn.Close()c := api.NewPingClient(conn)loginReply, err := c.Login(context.Background(), &api.LoginRequest{Username: "gavin", Password: "gavin"})if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Error when calling SayHello: %s", err)}fmt.Println("Login Reply:", loginReply)//Call SayHellorequestToken := new(api.AuthToekn)requestToken.Token = loginReply.Tokenconn, err = grpc.Dial(":7777", grpc.WithInsecure(), grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(requestToken))if err != nil {log.Fatalf("did not connect: %s", err)}defer conn.Close()c = api.NewPingClient(conn)helloreply, err := c.SayHello(context.Background(), &api.PingMessage{Greeting: "foo"})if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Error when calling SayHello: %s", err)}log.Printf("Response from server: %s", helloreply.Greeting)
}

$ go run client.go
Login Reply: status:"200"  token:"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJsb3JhLWFwcC1zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE2NzY2MDE3MTgsImlzcyI6ImxvcmEtYXBwLXNlcnZlciIsIm5iZiI6MTY3NjU5ODExOCwic3ViIjoidXNlciIsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiZ2F2aW4ifQ.IoAmUq2Vm90I5dWEgNEGc22c7YspVJN4cLeOWS16gaA"
2023/02/17 09:41:58 Response from server: bar gavin

# 项目结构
$ tree demo/
demo/
├── api
│   ├── api.pb.go
│   ├── api.proto
│   ├── authtoken.go
│   └── handler.go
├── client1.go
├── echo.proto
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── proto
│   └── echo.pb.go
└── server1.go2 directories, 10 files

google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/oauth包已实现了用于Google API的oauth和jwt验证的方法，使用方

法可以参考[官方文档]：

https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/blob/master/Documentation/grpc-auth-support.md

在实际应用中，我们可以根据自己的业务需求实现合适的验证方式。

1.4 oauth认证

1.4.1 proto编写和编译

syntax = "proto3";
option go_package = "./proto";
package proto;message EchoRequest {string message = 1;
}message EchoResponse {string message = 1;
}service Echo {rpc UnaryEcho(EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse) {}rpc ServerStreamingEcho(EchoRequest) returns (stream EchoResponse) {}rpc ClientStreamingEcho(stream EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse) {}rpc BidirectionalStreamingEcho(stream EchoRequest) returns (stream EchoResponse) {}
}

$ protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. echo.proto

1.4.2 服务端编写

package mainimport ("context""crypto/tls"pb "demo/proto/proto""flag""fmt""google.golang.org/grpc""google.golang.org/grpc/codes""google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""google.golang.org/grpc/metadata""google.golang.org/grpc/status""log""net""strings"
)var (errMissingMetadata = status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing metadata")errInvalidToken    = status.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "invalid token")
)var port = flag.Int("port", 50051, "the port to serve on")func main() {flag.Parse()fmt.Printf("server starting on port %d...\n", *port)cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair("./cert/server/server.pem", "./cert/server/server.key")if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to load key pair: %s", err)}opts := []grpc.ServerOption{grpc.UnaryInterceptor(ensureValidToken),grpc.Creds(credentials.NewServerTLSFromCert(&cert)),}s := grpc.NewServer(opts...)pb.RegisterEchoServer(s, &ecServer{})lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", *port))if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)}if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)}
}type ecServer struct {pb.UnimplementedEchoServer
}func (s *ecServer) UnaryEcho(ctx context.Context, req *pb.EchoRequest) (*pb.EchoResponse, error) {return &pb.EchoResponse{Message: req.Message}, nil
}func valid(authorization []string) bool {if len(authorization) < 1 {return false}token := strings.TrimPrefix(authorization[0], "Bearer ")return token == "some-secret-token"
}func ensureValidToken(ctx context.Context, req interface{}, info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (interface{}, error) {md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)if !ok {return nil, errMissingMetadata}if !valid(md["authorization"]) {return nil, errInvalidToken}return handler(ctx, req)
}

[root@zsx demo]# go run server.go
server starting on port 50051...

1.4.3 客户端编写

package mainimport ("context"ecpb "demo/proto/proto""flag""fmt""golang.org/x/oauth2""google.golang.org/grpc""google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/oauth""log""time"
)var addr = flag.String("addr", "localhost:50051", "the address to connect to")func callUnaryEcho(client ecpb.EchoClient, message string) {ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)defer cancel()resp, err := client.UnaryEcho(ctx, &ecpb.EchoRequest{Message: message})if err != nil {log.Fatalf("client.UnaryEcho(_) = _, %v: ", err)}fmt.Println("UnaryEcho: ", resp.Message)
}func main() {flag.Parse()perRPC := oauth.TokenSource{TokenSource: oauth2.StaticTokenSource(fetchToken())}creds, err := credentials.NewClientTLSFromFile("./cert/server/server.pem", "x.test.example.com")if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to load credentials: %v", err)}opts := []grpc.DialOption{grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(perRPC),grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds),}conn, err := grpc.Dial(*addr, opts...)if err != nil {log.Fatalf("did not connect: %v", err)}defer conn.Close()rgc := ecpb.NewEchoClient(conn)callUnaryEcho(rgc, "hello world")
}func fetchToken() *oauth2.Token {return &oauth2.Token{AccessToken: "some-secret-token",}
}

[root@zsx demo]# go run client.go
UnaryEcho:  hello world

# 项目结构
[root@zsx protoc]# tree demo/
demo/
├── cert
│   ├── ca.crt
│   ├── ca.csr
│   ├── ca.key
│   ├── ca.srl
│   ├── client
│   │   ├── client.csr
│   │   ├── client.key
│   │   └── client.pem
│   ├── openssl.cnf
│   └── server
│       ├── server.csr
│       ├── server.key
│       └── server.pem
├── client.go
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── proto
│   ├── echo.proto
│   └── proto
│       └── echo.pb.go
└── server.go5 directories, 17 files

参考地址：https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/oauth