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LAMP 综合实验

一.实验目标

实验目标如下：

1. 实现 LAMP 架构

2. 实现数据库主从复制

3. 实现 NFS 服务器存储 wordpress 文件

4. 实现备份服务器实时备份 NFS 服务器文件

5. 实现日志集中存储

6. 实现 loganalyzer 分析展示日志

二.实验准备

2.1 实验环境

实验环境:

虚拟机版本: VMware Workstation pro 15.0.0

Linux 系统版本: Centos7.7

实验虚拟主机:六台
172.20.1.225----172.20.1.230

六台主机情况

2.3 所使用软件包

软件包列表:

apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 — 172.20.1.225 编译 httpd 需要的依赖包

apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2— 172.20.1.225 编译 httpd 需要的依赖包

httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz— 172.20.1.225 web 服务器安装

php-7.3.10.tar.xz— 172.20.1.225 web 服务器安装

wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz— 172.20.1.225 web 服务器安装

mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz— 172.20.1.[226:227]
web 服务器的数据存放主机和备份服务器安装

inotify-tools— 172.20.1.228 nfs 服务器安装，监控共享目录文件
变动，以便通知 rsync 将数据同步到备份服务器

rsync — 172.20.1.[228:229] nfs 服务器和备份服务器都要安装

nfs-utils— 172.20.1.[228,225] nfs 共享服务器需要安装，其带有
nfs 文件共享服务相关的工具

autofs— 172.20.1.225 apache 服务器用来自动挂载 nfs 文件系统

2.3 思路

• 大致思路是: 配置LAMP --> 完成数据库主从备份 --> 完成nfs共享文件夹挂载到web服务器 --> 完成日志转储到日志存储主机的数据库 --> 测试

• 需要注意的是，每完成一步需要测试该步是否成功。

• 具体步骤

实现LAMP，主从复制
1. 首先在 web 服务器172.20.1.225编译安装httpd和php
2. 配置httpd支持php，并开启opcache等功能
3. 在主数据库主机二进制安装MariaDB，开启二进制日志，创建wordpress的数据库和相应的用户
4. 在主数据库创建一个用于从数据库复制的用户
5. 在从数据库主机二进制安装MariaDB，使用CHANGE MASTER TO指令与主数据库同步
6. 测试数据库同步情况
7. 准备wordpress程序包，解压到web服务器的服务目录，更改web服务器配置并重启
8. 配置wordpress，使其能够连接数据库
9. 测试是否能够正常访问wordpress管理界面实现nfs服务器的共享文件夹挂载到web服务器的wordpress图片目录下
10. 在nfs服务器安装nfs-utils，创建用于访问共享文件夹的用户和家目录
11. 编辑/etc/exports配置文件，执行exportfs -r将其家目录共享
12. 在web服务器安装nfs-utils，执行`showmount -e nfs服务器ip`查看nfs服务共享的文件夹
13. 在web服务器安装autofs，编辑/etc/auto.master指定自动挂载的方式，并编辑指定的配置文件
来自动挂载nfs共享的文件夹
14. 在nfs服务器和备份服务器安装rsync，在nfs服务器安装inotify-tools
15. 在备份服务器配置/etc/rsyncd.conf 使得rsync以独立服务方式运行，并创建
验证文件(保存的内容为"用户名:密码")
16. 在nfs服务器添加密码文件，同15步中备份服务器验证文件的密码
17. 在nfs服务器编写脚本，将共享文件夹备份到备份服务器实现日志转存到专门的日志存储服务器，存储于该服务器的数据库中
18. 在日志存储服务器二进制安装MariaDB
19. 在其他主机安装rsyslog-mysql模块，rsyslog用来和mariadb交互的模块
安装rsyslog-mysql模块会自带一个sql语句文件
20. rpm -ql rsyslog-mysql-->复制生成rsyslog要用的表的sql语句到日志存储服务器
21. 应用sql语句生成存储日志的数据库和表，并创建一个用户来给其他主机连接和访问
存储日志的数据库和表
22. 重启相关服务并测试，在其他主机使用logger "logging test message" 测试，
在日志存储服务器查看是否有记录最终测试
23. 在wordpress上传和下载文件，发布博文，再检查备份数据库的同步情况
nfs共享目录是否更新，日志是否都被存储到日志服务器。

三.实验步骤

3.1 实现 LAMP，数据库主从复制

• 主机172.20.1.225安装httpd和php，均使用编译
  安装，在这里使用事先写好的 ansible 角色安装

• 主机列表

  root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles/httpd_compile#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
  ...# If you have multiple hosts following a pattern you can specify
  # them like this:#www[001:006].example.com
  #
  [lamp_lab]
  172.20.1.[225:230]
  [log_slave]
  172.20.1.[225:229]
  ...
  

3.1.1 编译安装 httpd

• httpd_compile 角色目录

root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles/httpd_compile#tree
.
├── default
│   └── main.yml
├── files
│   ├── apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2       # 安装包放ansible主控机
│   ├── apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
│   ├── httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz
│   └── index.html
├── handlers
│   └── main.yml
├── tasks
│   ├── adduser.yml
│   ├── compile.yml
│   ├── config.yml
│   ├── index.yml
│   ├── install_deps.yml
│   ├── install.yml
│   ├── main.yml
│   ├── merge_apr.yml
│   ├── path.yml
│   ├── remove.yml
│   ├── service.yml
│   └── unarchive.yml
├── templates
│   └── httpd.conf.j2
└── vars└── main.yml

• 各文件代码
  httpd_compile/tasks/main.yml

  ---
  - include: adduser.yml
  - include: install_deps.yml## for yum install
  #- include: install.yml- include: unarchive.yml
  - include: merge_apr.yml
  - include: compile.yml
  - include: path.yml
  - include: index.yml
  - include: config.yml
  - include: service.yml
  #- include: remove.yml
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/adduser.yml

  ---
  - name: add apache useruser: name=apache groups="root,daemon" system=yes shell=/sbin/nologin createhome=no non_unique=no
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/install_deps.yml

  ---
  # {{ deps }} see ./vars/main.yml
  - name: install some deps and libsyum: name={{ deps }}
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/install.yml

  ---
  - name: install httpdyum: name=httpd
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/unarchive.yml

  ---
  # vars see ./vars/main.yml
  - name: unarchive apr_pkgunarchive: src=/data/ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 dest=/data/
  - name: narchive apr_util_pkgunarchive: src=/data/ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 dest=/data/
  - name: narchive httpd_pkgunarchive: src=/data/ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz dest=/data/
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/merge_apr.yml

  ---
  - name: move apr to httpd/srclib/shell: mv /data/{{ apr }} /data/{{ httpd }}/srclib/apr
  - name: move apr-util to httpd/srclib/shell: mv /data/{{ apr_util }} /data/{{ httpd }}/srclib/apr-util
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/compile.yml

  ---
  - name: run comfigure scriptshell: chdir=/data/{{ httpd }} ./configure --prefix=/app/httpd24 {{ compile_opt }}
  - name: compile the  httpdshell: chdir=/data/{{ httpd }} make -j 6 && make installnotify: message
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/path.yml

  ---
  - name: config path variablecopy: content='PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:/app/httpd24/bin:$PATH' dest=/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/index.yml

  ---
  - name: indexcopy: src=index.html dest=/data/httpd24/htdocs/
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/config.yml

  ---
  - name: configtemplate: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf backup=yesnotify: restart
  - name: source pathshell: . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
  

  httpd_compile/tasks/service.yml

  ---
  - name: start httpd serviceshell: /app/httpd24/bin/apachectl start
  

  httpd_compile/vars/main.yml

  ---
  apr_pkg: ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2
  apr: apr-1.7.0
  apr_util_pkg: ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
  apr_util: apr-util-1.6.1
  httpd_pkg: ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz
  httpd: httpd-2.4.41
  deps: ["gcc", "pcre-devel", "openssl-devel", "expat-devel"]
  compile_opt: "--enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork --with-included-apr"
  

  httpd_compile/files/index.html

  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <head><p1>Hello There!</p1>
  </head><body><a>A test message!!</a>
  </body>
  

  httpd_compile/handlers/main.yml

  ---
  - name: restartshell: /app/httpd24/bin/apachectl stop; /app/httpd24/bin/apachectl start#- name: message#  shell: echo "Nice everything just fine!!" > /dev/pts/*#- name: make#  shell: chdir=/data/{{ httpd }} make -j 6 && make install
  

  httpd_compile/templates/httpd.conf.j2

  root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles# cat httpd_compile/templates/httpd.conf.j2  | grep -Ev "*[#]|^$"
  ServerRoot "/app/httpd24"
  Listen 80
  LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so
  LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
  LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
  LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
  LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
  LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
  LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
  LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
  LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
  LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
  LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
  LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
  LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
  LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
  LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
  LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
  LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
  LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
  LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
  LoadModule unixd_module modules/mod_unixd.so
  LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
  LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
  <IfModule !mpm_prefork_module>LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so
  </IfModule>
  <IfModule mpm_prefork_module>LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
  </IfModule>
  LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
  LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
  <IfModule unixd_module>
  User apache
  Group apache
  </IfModule>
  ServerAdmin [e-mail]
  <Directory />AllowOverride noneRequire all denied
  </Directory>
  DocumentRoot "/data/httpd24/htdocs"
  <Directory "/data/httpd24/htdocs">Options Indexes FollowSymLinksAllowOverride allRequire all granted
  </Directory>
  <IfModule dir_module>DirectoryIndex  index.php index.html
  </IfModule>
  <Files ".ht*">Require all denied
  </Files>
  ErrorLog "logs/error_log"
  LogLevel warn
  <IfModule log_config_module>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combinedLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<IfModule logio_module>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio</IfModule>CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
  </IfModule>
  <IfModule alias_module>ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/app/httpd24/cgi-bin/"
  </IfModule>
  <IfModule cgid_module>
  </IfModule>
  <Directory "/app/httpd24/cgi-bin">AllowOverride NoneOptions NoneRequire all granted
  </Directory>
  <IfModule headers_module>RequestHeader unset Proxy early
  </IfModule>
  <IfModule mime_module>TypesConfig conf/mime.typesAddType application/x-compress .ZAddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgzAddType application/x-httpd-php .phpAddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
  </IfModule>
  ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
  ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
  ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
  Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
  <IfModule proxy_html_module>
  Include conf/extra/proxy-html.conf
  </IfModule>
  <IfModule ssl_module>
  SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
  SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
  </IfModule>
  ProxyRequests off
  ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php) fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/httpd24/htdocs/$1
  

• httpd 角色代码

root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#cat role_httpd_compile.yml
---
- hosts: 172.20.1.225remote_user: rootroles:- role: httpd_compiletags: ["httpd_compile"]
...

• 安装

root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#ansible-playbook role_httpd_compile.yml

3.1.2 编译安装 php7.4

• php 角色目录

root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles#tree -f php/
php
├── php/files
│   ├── php/files/Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip
│   ├── php/files/loganalyzer-4.1.8.tar.gz
│   ├── php/files/php-7.4.0.tar.xz
│   └── php/files/wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
├── php/handlers
│   └── php/handlers/main.yml
├── php/tasks
│   ├── php/tasks/compile.yml
│   ├── php/tasks/config.yml
│   ├── php/tasks/install_deps.yml
│   ├── php/tasks/main.yml
│   ├── php/tasks/make_sure.yml
│   ├── php/tasks/path.yml
│   ├── php/tasks/unarchive_app.yml
│   └── php/tasks/unarchive.yml
├── php/templates
│   └── php/templates/php.ini.j2
└── php/vars└── php/vars/main.yml

• 各部分代码

php/tasks/main.yml

---
- include: install_deps.yml
- include: unarchive.yml
- include: compile.yml
- include: path.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: make_sure.yml

php/tasks/install_deps.yml

---
- name: install deps and libs#yum: name={{ deps74 }}yum: name={{ deps73 }}

php/tasks/unarchive.yml

---
- name: unarchive php pkg#unarchive: src={{ php_pkg74 }} dest=/data/unarchive: src={{ php_pkg73 }} dest=/data/

php/tasks/compile.yml

---
- name: run configure script ...#shell: chdir=/data/{{ php74 }} ./configure {{ compile_opt74 }}shell: chdir=/data/{{ php73 }} ./configure {{ compile_opt73 }}
- name: compile php ...#shell: chdir=/data/{{ php74 }} make -j 6 && make installshell: chdir=/data/{{ php73 }} make -j 6 && make install

php/tasks/unarchive_app.yml

---
- name: unarchive wordpress pkgunarchive: src={{ wordpress_pkg53 }} dest={{ httpd_htdocs_root }}
- name: change wordpress file folder nameshell: chdir={{ httpd_htdocs_root }} mv {{ wordpress53 }} wordpress- name: unzrchive Discuz pkgunarchive: src={{ Discuz_pkg34 }} dest={{ httpd_htdocs_root }}
- name: change Discuz file folder nameshell: chdir= {{ httpd_htdocs_root }} mv {{ Discuz34 }} forum

php/tasks/path.yml

---
- name: config path variablecopy: content='PATH=/app/php74/bin:$PATH' dest=/etc/profile.d/php.sh
- name: source /etc/profile.d/php.shshell: . /etc/profile.d/php.sh

php/tasks/config.yml

---
- name: copy php.ini#shell: cp /data/{{ php74 }}/php.ini-production /etc/php.inishell: cp /data/{{ php73 }}/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
- name: copy php-fpm.service#shell: cp /data/{{ php74 }}/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service.in /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.serviceshell: cp /data/{{ php73 }}/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service.in /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
- name: copy php-fpm.conf.default#shell: chdir=/app/php74/etc cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.confshell: chdir=/app/php73/etc cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
- name: copy www.confshell: chdir=/app/php73/etc/php-fpm.d cp www.conf.default www.conf

php/tasks/make_sure.yml

---
- name: make sure php installedshell: /app/php73/bin/php --version

php/vars/main.yml

---
#
# for php-7.3
deps73: ["gcc", "libxml2-devel", "bzip2-devel", "libmcrypt-devel"]#
# for php-7.4
deps74:["gcc","libxml2-devel","bzip2-devel","libmcrypt-devel","sqlite-devel","oniguruma-devel",]php_pkg74: php-7.4.0.tar.xz
php_pkg73: php-7.3.10.tar.xz
php74: php-7.4.0
php73: php-7.3.10#
# for php-7.3
compile_opt73: "--prefix=/app/php73 --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --enable-maintainer-zts --disable-fileinfo"# for php-7.4
compile_opt74: "--prefix=/app/php74 --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-zlib --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --enable-maintainer-zts --disable-fileinfo"# for wordpress-5.3
wordpress_pkg53: wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
wordpress53: wordpress-5.3-zh_CN# for Discuz3.4
Discuz_pkg34: Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
Discuz34: upload# for phpMyAdmin-4.9.2
phpmyadmin_pkg49: phpMyAdmin-4.9.2-all-languages.zip
phpmyadmin49: phpMyAdmin-4.9.2-all-languages# for poweradmin-2.1.7
poweradmin_pkg: poweradmin-2.1.7.tgz
poweradmin: poweradmin-2.1.7# for loganalyzer-4.1.8
log_analyzer_pkg: loganalyzer-4.1.8.tar.gz
log_analyzer: loganalyzer-4.1.8# httpd doc root
httpd_www_doc_root: /var/www/html
httpd_default_htdocs_root: /app/httpd24/htdocs
httpd_htdocs_root: /data/httpd24/htdocs

• php 角色代码

root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#cat role_php.yml
---
- hosts: 172.20.1.225remote_user: rootroles:- role: phptags: php

• 安装 php
  root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#ansible-playbook role_php.yml

3.1.3 配置 LAMP 并安装 wordpress

1. httpd 配置(172.20.1.225)

[root@httpd-php ~]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf
ServerRoot "/app/httpd24"
...
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
...
<IfModule mime_module>###### manual added ######AddType application/x-httpd-php .phpAddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
</IfModule>
...
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User apache
Group apache
DocumentRoot "/data/httpd24/htdocs"
<Directory "/data/httpd24/htdocs">Options Indexes FollowSymLinksAllowOverride allRequire all granted
</Directory>
...
<IfModule dir_module>DirectoryIndex  index.php index.html#DirectoryIndex  index.html index.php
</IfModule>
...
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php) fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/httpd24/htdocs/$1#### virtual hosts ####
<virtualhost *:80>
servername wordpress.suosuoli.cn
documentroot /data/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress
<directory /data/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress>
require all granted
</directory>
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress/$1
ProxyPassMatch ^/(status|ping)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/$1
CustomLog "logs/access_wordpress_log" common
</virtualhost>

2. php 配置

[root@httpd-php ~]# vim /app/php73/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = apache
group = apache
...
pm.status_path = /status
...
ping.path = /ping
...
ping.response = pong
...
access.log = log/$pool.access.log[root@httpd-php ~]# vim /etc/php.d/opcache.ini
[opcache]
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1

1. 解压wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz到/data/httpd24/htdocs/

3.2 实现 NFS 文件共享

3.3 实现日志集中存储

3.4 Trouble Shooting

四.测试

五.总结