【全志V3s】SPI NAND Flash 驱动开发

芯片：W25N01GVZEIG

一、硬件介绍

datasheet上的描述：

• SLC工艺
• 2KB*65536页
• 10万次擦写次数

焊好以后用CH341A读了一下

V3s的启动顺序

上面这张图描述了soc启动的四个顺序，分别是usb启动、sd卡启动、spi norflash启动、spi nandflash启动四种方式。前面的测试中一直走的是sd卡启动，但是从成本和稳定性上说，spi nandflash其实是最合适的。

sd 卡需要卡座拔插，在震动环境下不稳定，容易接触不良，容量大，其实也贵，相当于EMMC。
spi nor flash容量一般在16MB左右，也有32MB和64MB的，但是价格较贵。
2023年9月16日15:36:26，在某宝上数据对比一下

容量	接口	型号	价格
16MB	spi nor flash	W25Q128JVSIM	3.8￥
32MB	spi nor flash	W25Q256JVEIQ	7.1￥
128MB	spi nand flash	W25N01GVZEIG	4.0￥
256MB	spi nand flash	W25N02KVZEIR	5.9￥

所以，16M/32M 的spi nor flash 真的没有什么优势。做非常简单的应用还可以，其他就算了吧。故以后自己玩也要玩nand flash吧，nor flash没有什么应用场景。

有兴趣可以看看，我之前的记录：

全志V3s学习记录：Nor Flash使用（一）

全志V3s学习记录：Nor Flash使用（二）

二、驱动支持

U-Boot驱动

使用：http://sources.buildroot.net/uboot/u-boot-2022.04.tar.bz2

主线 Linux 驱动已经支持

4.19 及其以后的版本支持 spi nand
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v4.19/drivers/mtd/nand/spi/winbond.c

目前主线Linux已经支持winbond:W25N01GVZEIG，如下：

在线Linux Kernel代码：https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.2.20/source/drivers/mtd/nand/spi/winbond.c

static const struct spinand_info winbond_spinand_table[] = {SPINAND_INFO("W25M02GV", 0xAB,NAND_MEMORG(1, 2048, 64, 64, 1024, 20, 1, 1, 2),NAND_ECCREQ(1, 512),SPINAND_INFO_OP_VARIANTS(&read_cache_variants,&write_cache_variants,&update_cache_variants),0,SPINAND_ECCINFO(&w25m02gv_ooblayout, NULL),SPINAND_SELECT_TARGET(w25m02gv_select_target)),SPINAND_INFO("W25N01GV", 0xAA,NAND_MEMORG(1, 2048, 64, 64, 1024, 20, 1, 1, 1),NAND_ECCREQ(1, 512),SPINAND_INFO_OP_VARIANTS(&read_cache_variants,&write_cache_variants,&update_cache_variants),0,SPINAND_ECCINFO(&w25m02gv_ooblayout, NULL)),
};

三、烧录工具 xfel

之前烧录spi nor flash的时候，使用的是sunxi-fel工具，如果需要烧录spi nand flash image，就需要xfel

https://github.com/xboot/xfel

或者 git https://github.com/xboot/xfel.git

下载直接选main，解压、直接make就可以了。

• 解压
• make
• sudo make install

需要安装sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev libusb-dev libudev-dev

usage:xfel version                                        - Show chip versionxfel hexdump <address> <length>                     - Dumps memory region in hexxfel dump <address> <length>                        - Binary memory dump to stdoutxfel read32 <address>                               - Read 32-bits value from device memoryxfel write32 <address> <value>                      - Write 32-bits value to device memoryxfel read <address> <length> <file>                 - Read memory to filexfel write <address> <file>                         - Write file to memoryxfel exec <address>                                 - Call function addressxfel reset                                          - Reset device using watchdogxfel sid                                            - Show sid informationxfel jtag                                           - Enable jtag debugxfel ddr [type]                                     - Initial ddr controller with optional typexfel sign <public-key> <private-key> <file>         - Generate ecdsa256 signature file for sha256 of sidxfel spinor                                         - Detect spi nor flashxfel spinor erase <address> <length>                - Erase spi nor flashxfel spinor read <address> <length> <file>          - Read spi nor flash to filexfel spinor write <address> <file>                  - Write file to spi nor flashxfel spinand                                        - Detect spi nand flashxfel spinand erase <address> <length>               - Erase spi nand flashxfel spinand read <address> <length> <file>         - Read spi nand flash to filexfel spinand write <address> <file>                 - Write file to spi nand flashxfel spinand splwrite <split-size> <address> <file> - Write file to spi nand flash with split supportxfel extra [...]                                    - The extra commands

liefyuan@ubuntu:~$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 010: ID 048d:5702 Integrated Technology Express, Inc. 
Bus 002 Device 009: ID 1f3a:efe8 Onda (unverified) V972 tablet in flashing mode
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

Bus 002 Device 009: ID 1f3a:efe8 Onda (unverified) V972 tablet in flashing mode

liefyuan@ubuntu:~$ xfel version
AWUSBFEX ID=0x00168100(V3S/S3) dflag=0x44 dlength=0x08 scratchpad=0x00007e00

这就是ubuntu识别出来进入USB升级模式的V3s了。

简单使用一下：

liefyuan@ubuntu:~$ xfel spinand
Found spi nand flash 'W25N01GV' with 134217728 bytes
liefyuan@ubuntu:~$ xfel version
AWUSBFEX ID=0x00168100(V3S/S3) dflag=0x44 dlength=0x08 scratchpad=0x00007e00
liefyuan@ubuntu:~$ sudo xfel spinand erase 0x0 0x100000
[sudo] password for liefyuan: 12% [======                                          ] 4.334 MB/s, ETA 00:00    25% [============                                    ] 4.334 MB/s, ETA 00:00    38% [==================                              ] 4.377 MB/s, ETA 00:00    50% [========================                        ] 4.363 MB/s, ETA 00:00    62% [==============================                  ] 4.386 MB/s, ETA 00:00    75% [====================================            ] 4.348 MB/s, ETA 00:00    88% [==========================================      ] 4.392 MB/s, ETA 00:00   100% [================================================] 1024.000 KB, 4.382 MB/s        

四、构建U-Boot（官方的Uboot）

地址：http://sources.buildroot.net/uboot/u-boot-2022.04.tar.bz2

驱动是支持的：

liefyuan@ubuntu:~/V3s/u-boot-2022.04$ find ./ -name "winbond.c"
./drivers/mtd/nand/spi/winbond.c

先编译一下

先编译一下看看有没有什么问题

make ARCH=arm LicheePi_Zero_defconfig
make ARCH=arm menuconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-

最后一步报错了，交叉编译器版本太老了。

*** Your GCC is older than 6.0 and is not supported
arch/arm/config.mk:74: recipe for target 'checkgcc6' failed
make: *** [checkgcc6] Error 1

换个高版本的交叉编译器！
再装个软件：sudo apt install swig

初步编译成功了！

开始spi nand flash 代码层面的适配

拷贝spl_spinand_sunxi.c到arch/arm/mach-sunxi目录下，文件地址：

https://github.com/bamkrs/openwrt/blob/dolphinpi-spinand/package/boot/uboot-sunxi/src/arch/arm/mach-sunxi/spl_spinand_sunxi.c

spl_spinand_sunxi.c需要做一些修改：

• 添加头文件
• 添加函数调用参数

// add by liefyuan
#include <image.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>ret = spl_parse_image_header(spl_image, bootdev, header); // modified by liefyuan

然后在，arch/arm/mach-sunxi/Kconfig 文件中添加内容：

config SPL_SPINAND_SUNXIbool "Support for SPI Nand Flash on Allwinner SoCs in SPL"depends on MACH_SUN8I_V3ShelpEnable support for SPI Nand Flash. This option allows SPL to read fromsunxi SPI Nand Flash. It uses the same method as the boot ROM, so doesnot need any extra configuration.

1043gg 处添加吧

然后在 arch/arm/mach-sunxi/Makefile添加 spl_spinand_sunxi.c的编译选项

ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_SUNIV)	+= dram_suniv.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN4I)	+= dram_sun4i.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN6I)	+= dram_sun6i.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN8I_A23)	+= dram_sun8i_a23.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN8I_A33)	+= dram_sun8i_a33.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN8I_A83T)	+= dram_sun8i_a83t.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN9I)	+= dram_sun9i.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SPL_SPI_SUNXI)	+= spl_spi_sunxi.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SUNXI_DRAM_DW)	+= dram_sunxi_dw.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SUNXI_DRAM_DW)	+= dram_timings/
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN50I_H6)	+= dram_sun50i_h6.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN50I_H6)	+= dram_timings/
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN50I_H616)	+= dram_sun50i_h616.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DRAM_SUN50I_H616)	+= dram_timings/
obj-$(CONFIG_SPL_SPINAND_SUNXI)    += spl_spinand_sunxi.o
endif

继续，在 arch/arm/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero.dts文件中添加spi0的内容：

&spi0 {pinctrl-0 = <&spi0_pins>;pinctrl-names = "default";status = "okay";flash@0 {#address-cells = <1>;#size-cells = <1>;compatible = "spi-nand";reg = <0>;spi-max-frequency = <50000000>;};
};

最后，在 include/configs/sun8i.h添加内容，要在#include <configs/sunxi-common.h>之前添加。

#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
#undef CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
#endif#ifdef COFNIG_BOOTARGS
#undef CONFIG_BOOTARGS
#endif#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND  "mtd read spi-nand0 0x41800000 0x100000 0x20000; "  \"mtd read spi-nand0 0x41000000 0x120000 0x500000; " \"bootz 0x41000000 - 0x41800000"#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS    "console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk panic=5 rootwait " \"mtdparts=spi0.0:1M(uboot)ro,128k(dtb)ro,5M(kernel)ro,-(rootfs) ubi.mtd=3 root=ubi0:rootfs rw rootfstype=ubifs"

修改menuconfig配置

命令：make ARCH=arm menuconfig

ARM architecture配置Support for SPI Nand Flash on Allwinner SoCs in SPL

Boot options 取消 Enable boot arguments

打开Device Drivers下面的SPI Support

在Device Drivers下面 MTD Support 中勾选 Enable MTD layer Driver Model for MTD driver

在Command line interface的Device access commands勾选 mtd，这样后续生成的uboot中才会有MTD相关的命令，类似于SPI NOR Flash添加的sf命令

Environment 取消勾选 Environment is in SPI flash，这个选项是在打开SPI Support之后才会被看到

OK，更改完毕。

再次编译一下就OK了。

make ARCH=arm LicheePi_Zero_defconfig
make ARCH=arm menuconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-

修改uboot输出文件使其可以在spinandflash上运行

此时，u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin还不能被直接下载到nand flash。因为V3s默认从spi nand flash加载page内容，是1个page加载1KB。我使用的是winbond的W25N01GVZEIG，它的page是2KB。

脚本地址：https://github.com/bamkrs/openwrt/blob/dolphinpi-spinand/target/linux/sunxi/image/gen_sunxi_spinand_onlyboot_img.sh

运行命令：

./gen_sunxi_spinand_onlyboot_img.sh split.bin u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin 2048 128

其中split.bin代表生成的目标文件，u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin表示刚刚编译好的uboot文件，2048代表page大小，单位是byte，而128则代表block大小，单位是k byte。

下载修改后的uboot文件到spinandflash文件

liefyuan@ubuntu:~/V3s/u-boot-3s-spi-experimental$ sudo xfel spinand erase 0x0 0x100000
[sudo] password for liefyuan: 
100% [================================================] 1024.000 KB, 4.381 MB/s        
liefyuan@ubuntu:~/V3s/u-boot-3s-spi-experimental$ sudo xfel spinand write 0x0 split.bin
100% [================================================] 505.250 KB, 91.550 KB/s        

写入文件是nandflash的由0开始的地址空间。

上电：

U-Boot SPL 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Trying to boot from sunxi SPI-NAND
sunxi SPI-NAND: Found Winbond W25N01GVxxIG (efaa21)
sunxi SPI-NAND: Loading u-boot from 0x20000
sunxi SPI-NAND: u-boot hcrc OK!U-Boot 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800) Allwinner TechnologyCPU:   Allwinner V3s (SUN8I 1681)
Model: Lichee Pi Zero
DRAM:  64 MiB
Core:  23 devices, 11 uclasses, devicetree: separate
WDT:   Not starting watchdog@1c20ca0
MMC:   mmc@1c0f000: 0
Loading Environment from FAT... Card did not respond to voltage select! : -110
In:    serial@1c28000
Out:   serial@1c28000
Err:   serial@1c28000
Net:   No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
Reading 131072 byte(s) (64 page(s)) at offset 0x00100000
Reading 5242880 byte(s) (2560 page(s)) at offset 0x00120000
zimage: Bad magic!
=>

五、构建Linux Kernel

源码：https://github.com/Lichee-Pi/linux/tree/zero-5.2.y

修改设备树

修改 chosen

chosen {bootargs = "console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk panic=5 rootwait mtdparts=spi0.0:1M(uboot)ro,128k(dtb)ro,5M(kernel)ro,-(rootfs) ubi.mtd=3 root=ubi0:rootfs rw rootfstype=ubifs";};

增加SPI0节点

文件地址：linux-zero-5.2.y/arch/arm/boot/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero.dts

&spi0 {status ="okay";spi_nand: spi_nand@0 {#address-cells = <1>;#size-cells = <1>;compatible = "spi-nand";reg = <0>;spi-max-frequency = <50000000>;partition@0 {label = "uboot";reg = <0x0 0x100000>;read-only;};partition@100000 {label = "dtb";reg = <0x100000 0x20000>;read-only;};partition@120000 {label = "kernel";reg = <0x120000 0x500000>;read-only;};partition@620000 {label = "rootfs";reg = <0x620000 0x79E0000>;};};
};

menuconfig里面配置增加驱动支持

命令：make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig

Memory Technology Device (MTD) support 勾选 SPI NAND device Support 和 Enable UBI - Unsorted block image

File Systems的Miscellaneous filesystems中勾选UBIFS file system support, 这一步需要刚才的Enable UBI打开之后才能看到

编译Linux Kernel

• 清除：make clean

• make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- licheepi_zero_defconfig

• time make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j16

• make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- dtbs

• make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig

烧录 Linux Kernel

sudo xfel spinand erase 0x100000 0x20000
sudo xfel spinand write 0x100000 sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-with-800x480-lcd.dtb
sudo xfel spinand erase 0x120000 0x500000
sudo xfel spinand write 0x120000 zImage

上电：

U-Boot SPL 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Trying to boot from sunxi SPI-NAND
sunxi SPI-NAND: Found Winbond W25N01GVxxIG (efaa21)
sunxi SPI-NAND: Loading u-boot from 0x20000
sunxi SPI-NAND: u-boot hcrc OK!U-Boot 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800) Allwinner TechnologyCPU:   Allwinner V3s (SUN8I 1681)
Model: Lichee Pi Zero
DRAM:  64 MiB
Core:  23 devices, 11 uclasses, devicetree: separate
WDT:   Not starting watchdog@1c20ca0
MMC:   mmc@1c0f000: 0
Loading Environment from FAT... Card did not respond to voltage select! : -110
In:    serial@1c28000
Out:   serial@1c28000
Err:   serial@1c28000
Net:   No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
Reading 131072 byte(s) (64 page(s)) at offset 0x00100000
Reading 5242880 byte(s) (2560 page(s)) at offset 0x00120000
zimage: Bad magic!
=>
U-Boot SPL 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Trying to boot from sunxi SPI-NAND
sunxi SPI-NAND: Found Winbond W25N01GVxxIG (efaa21)
sunxi SPI-NAND: Loading u-boot from 0x20000
sunxi SPI-NAND: u-boot hcrc OK!U-Boot 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800) Allwinner TechnologyCPU:   Allwinner V3s (SUN8I 1681)
Model: Lichee Pi Zero
DRAM:  64 MiB
Core:  23 devices, 11 uclasses, devicetree: separate
WDT:   Not starting watchdog@1c20ca0
MMC:   mmc@1c0f000: 0
Loading Environment from FAT... Card did not respond to voltage select! : -110
In:    serial@1c28000
Out:   serial@1c28000
Err:   serial@1c28000
Net:   No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
Reading 131072 byte(s) (64 page(s)) at offset 0x00100000
Reading 5242880 byte(s) (2560 page(s)) at offset 0x00120000
Kernel image @ 0x41000000 [ 0x000000 - 0x4462a8 ]
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 41800000Booting using the fdt blob at 0x41800000Loading Device Tree to 42df9000, end 42dff021 ... OKStarting kernel ...[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.2.0-licheepi-zero (liefyuan@ubuntu) (gcc version 6.3.1 20170404 (Linaro GCC 6.3-2017.05)) #2 SMP Sun Sep 17 22:22:36 HKT 2023
[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
[    0.000000] CPU: div instructions available: patching division code
[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
[    0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: Lichee Pi Zero
[    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
[    0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT.
[    0.000000] psci: Using PSCI v0.1 Function IDs from DT
[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu s34508 r8192 d22836 u65536
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk panic=5 rootwait mtdparts=spi0.0:1M(uboot)ro,128k(dtb)ro,5M(kernel)ro,-(rootfs) ubi.mtd=3 root=ubi0:rootfs rw rootfstype=ubifs
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.000000] Memory: 54004K/65536K available (7168K kernel code, 309K rwdata, 1748K rodata, 1024K init, 257K bss, 11532K reserved, 0K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU event tracing is enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
[    0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[    0.000000] GIC: GICv2 detected, but range too small and irqchip.gicv2_force_probe not set
[    0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x300/0x48c with crng_init=0
[    0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 24.00MHz (phys).
[    0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x588fe9dc0, max_idle_ns: 440795202592 ns
[    0.000008] sched_clock: 56 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 4398046511097ns
[    0.000020] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 41ns
[    0.000207] clocksource: timer: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 79635851949 ns
[    0.000453] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.000509] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 48.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=240000)
[    0.000524] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.000684] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.000699] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.001494] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.001994] /cpus/cpu@0 missing clock-frequency property
[    0.002020] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
[    0.002813] Setting up static identity map for 0x40100000 - 0x40100060
[    0.003023] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[    0.003573] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[    0.003593] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[    0.003602] SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (48.00 BogoMIPS).
[    0.003609] CPU: All CPU(s) started in HYP mode.
[    0.003614] CPU: Virtualization extensions available.
[    0.004673] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.008316] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5
[    0.008615] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[    0.008646] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.008884] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    0.010035] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.010553] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[    0.011815] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
[    0.011835] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes.
[    0.039592] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.039760] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.039851] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.039964] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.040374] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10
[    0.040435] videodev: Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[    0.040647] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[    0.042457] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
[    0.054799] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.055598] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
[    0.055636] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.055662] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.055687] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[    0.055836] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.055887] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.056173] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.058034] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[    0.058413] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
[    0.095330] Key type asymmetric registered
[    0.095353] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
[    0.095451] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 250)
[    0.095463] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[    0.095469] io scheduler kyber registered
[    0.096519] sun4i-usb-phy 1c19400.phy: Couldn't request ID GPIO
[    0.100286] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: initialized sunXi PIO driver
[    0.100703] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pb not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.101422] pwm-backlight backlight: backlight supply power not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.207095] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 8 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[    0.210551] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[    0.230855] 1c28000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1c28000 (irq = 34, base_baud = 1500000) is a U6_16550A
[    0.776897] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[    0.782886] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pe not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.816159] panel-simple panel: panel supply power not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.825484] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pc not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.837018] spi-nand spi0.0: Winbond SPI NAND was found.
[    0.842346] spi-nand spi0.0: 128 MiB, block size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64
[    0.851243] 4 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device spi0.0
[    0.857692] Creating 4 MTD partitions on "spi0.0":
[    0.862530] 0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "uboot"
[    0.870375] 0x000000100000-0x000000120000 : "dtb"
[    0.876231] 0x000000120000-0x000000620000 : "kernel"
[    0.882331] random: fast init done
[    0.895871] 0x000000620000-0x000008000000 : "rootfs"
[    1.066735] random: crng init done
[    1.153103] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[    1.159637] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[    1.165246] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: EHCI Host Controller
[    1.170857] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[    1.178853] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: irq 26, io mem 0x01c1a000
[    1.212460] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[    1.219633] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.223604] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.228232] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[    1.234555] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[    1.240097] ohci-platform 1c1a400.usb: Generic Platform OHCI controller
[    1.246819] ohci-platform 1c1a400.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[    1.254782] ohci-platform 1c1a400.usb: irq 27, io mem 0x01c1a400
[    1.327507] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.331344] hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.338664] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    1.346267] sun6i-rtc 1c20400.rtc: registered as rtc0
[    1.351329] sun6i-rtc 1c20400.rtc: RTC enabled
[    1.356070] i2c /dev entries driver
[    1.360924] input: ns2009_ts as /devices/platform/soc/1c2ac00.i2c/i2c-0/0-0048/input/input0
[    1.370612] sunxi-wdt 1c20ca0.watchdog: Watchdog enabled (timeout=16 sec, nowayout=0)
[    1.379328] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pf not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.415092] sunxi-mmc 1c0f000.mmc: initialized, max. request size: 16384 KB
[    1.422648] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pg not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.434001] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    1.439580] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    1.446187] Initializing XFRM netlink socket
[    1.450498] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    1.455640] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
[    1.461540] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[    1.475480] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pe not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.488036] sun4i-drm display-engine: bound 1100000.mixer (ops 0xc0848700)
[    1.495606] sun4i-drm display-engine: bound 1c0c000.lcd-controller (ops 0xc08459fc)
[    1.503340] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[    1.509947] [drm] No driver support for vblank timestamp query.
[    1.516932] [drm] Initialized sun4i-drm 1.0.0 20150629 for display-engine on minor 0
[    1.577191] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 100x30
[    1.605681] sun4i-drm display-engine: fb0: sun4i-drmdrmfb frame buffer device
[    1.613678] usb_phy_generic usb_phy_generic.0.auto: usb_phy_generic.0.auto supply vcc not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.625209] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: MUSB HDRC host driver
[    1.630975] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
[    1.640115] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.644084] hub 3-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.649367] ubi0: attaching mtd3
[    2.218438] ubi0: scanning is finished
[    2.222200] ubi0: empty MTD device detected
[    2.255116] ubi0: attached mtd3 (name "rootfs", size 121 MiB)
[    2.260921] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
[    2.267867] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
[    2.274665] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
[    2.281615] ubi0: good PEBs: 975, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
[    2.287644] ubi0: user volume: 0, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
[    2.294873] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 0/0, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 2177542106
[    2.304004] ubi0: available PEBs: 951, total reserved PEBs: 24, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 20
[    2.313392] sun6i-rtc 1c20400.rtc: setting system clock to 1970-01-01T00:34:30 UTC (2070)
[    2.321843] vcc3v0: disabling
[    2.324878] vcc3v3: disabling
[    2.327871] vcc5v0: disabling
[    2.330836] ALSA device list:
[    2.333827]   No soundcards found.
[    2.337799] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 93
[    2.349302] VFS: Cannot open root device "ubi0:rootfs" or unknown-block(0,0): error -19
[    2.357403] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[    2.365795] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[    2.374055] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.2.0-licheepi-zero #2
[    2.381091] Hardware name: Allwinner sun8i Family
[    2.385824] [<c010ed14>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010b72c>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[    2.393566] [<c010b72c>] (show_stack) from [<c071a650>] (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[    2.400788] [<c071a650>] (dump_stack) from [<c011dddc>] (panic+0x110/0x2fc)
[    2.407750] [<c011dddc>] (panic) from [<c0a01358>] (mount_block_root+0x214/0x2f0)
[    2.415229] [<c0a01358>] (mount_block_root) from [<c0a01558>] (prepare_namespace+0x9c/0x194)
[    2.423660] [<c0a01558>] (prepare_namespace) from [<c0732aa4>] (kernel_init+0x8/0x10c)
[    2.431570] [<c0732aa4>] (kernel_init) from [<c01010e8>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c)
[    2.439128] Exception stack(0xc3833fb0 to 0xc3833ff8)
[    2.444175] 3fa0:                                     00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[    2.452343] 3fc0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[    2.460508] 3fe0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000013 00000000
[    2.467127] Rebooting in 5 seconds..

很好，上电成功了！

六、构建文件系统

现成的文件系统：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1-HMjT5BCYq0aImIJcQyJlw
提取码：lief
–来自百度网盘超级会员V5的分享

系统名是：root
无密码

spi nand flash 一般使用的文件系统是ubifs文件系统。涉及到两个工具
第一步：先用mkfs.ubifs生成rootfs_ubifs.img文件，其中-d target就是根文件目录的位置：

sudo mkfs.ubifs -x lzo -F -m 2048 -e 126976 -c 732 -o rootfs_ubifs.img -d target

第二步：用ubinize生成最终的ubi.img

sudo ubinize -o ubi.img -m 2048 -p 131072 -O 2048 -s 2048 ./ubinize.cfg  -v

ubinize.cfg文件

[rootfs-volume]
mode=ubi
image=rootfs_ubifs.img
vol_id=0
vol_size=92946432
vol_type=dynamic
vol_name=rootfs
vol_flags=autoresize
vol_alignment=1

有了ubi.img之后，就可以使用xfel工具烧录了。

sudo xfel spinand erase 0x620000 0x79DFFFF
sudo xfel spinand write 0x620000 ubi.img 

烧录成功后，上电信息：

U-Boot SPL 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Trying to boot from sunxi SPI-NAND
sunxi SPI-NAND: Found Winbond W25N01GVxxIG (efaa21)
sunxi SPI-NAND: Loading u-boot from 0x20000
sunxi SPI-NAND: u-boot hcrc OK!U-Boot 2022.04 (Sep 17 2023 - 22:00:15 +0800) Allwinner TechnologyCPU:   Allwinner V3s (SUN8I 1681)
Model: Lichee Pi Zero
DRAM:  64 MiB
Core:  23 devices, 11 uclasses, devicetree: separate
WDT:   Not starting watchdog@1c20ca0
MMC:   mmc@1c0f000: 0
Loading Environment from FAT... Card did not respond to voltage select! : -110
In:    serial@1c28000
Out:   serial@1c28000
Err:   serial@1c28000
Net:   No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
Reading 131072 byte(s) (64 page(s)) at offset 0x00100000
Reading 5242880 byte(s) (2560 page(s)) at offset 0x00120000
Kernel image @ 0x41000000 [ 0x000000 - 0x4462a8 ]
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 41800000Booting using the fdt blob at 0x41800000Loading Device Tree to 42df9000, end 42dff021 ... OKStarting kernel ...[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.2.0-licheepi-zero (liefyuan@ubuntu) (gcc version 6.3.1 20170404 (Linaro GCC 6.3-2017.05)) #2 SMP Sun Sep 17 22:22:36 HKT 2023
[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
[    0.000000] CPU: div instructions available: patching division code
[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
[    0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: Lichee Pi Zero
[    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
[    0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT.
[    0.000000] psci: Using PSCI v0.1 Function IDs from DT
[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu s34508 r8192 d22836 u65536
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk panic=5 rootwait mtdparts=spi0.0:1M(uboot)ro,128k(dtb)ro,5M(kernel)ro,-(rootfs) ubi.mtd=3 root=ubi0:rootfs rw rootfstype=ubifs
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.000000] Memory: 54004K/65536K available (7168K kernel code, 309K rwdata, 1748K rodata, 1024K init, 257K bss, 11532K reserved, 0K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU event tracing is enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
[    0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[    0.000000] GIC: GICv2 detected, but range too small and irqchip.gicv2_force_probe not set
[    0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x300/0x48c with crng_init=0
[    0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 24.00MHz (phys).
[    0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x588fe9dc0, max_idle_ns: 440795202592 ns
[    0.000008] sched_clock: 56 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 4398046511097ns
[    0.000021] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 41ns
[    0.000203] clocksource: timer: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 79635851949 ns
[    0.000445] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.000501] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 48.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=240000)
[    0.000518] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.000678] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.000695] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.001498] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.002002] /cpus/cpu@0 missing clock-frequency property
[    0.002028] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
[    0.002792] Setting up static identity map for 0x40100000 - 0x40100060
[    0.003005] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[    0.003552] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[    0.003574] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[    0.003584] SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (48.00 BogoMIPS).
[    0.003590] CPU: All CPU(s) started in HYP mode.
[    0.003595] CPU: Virtualization extensions available.
[    0.004666] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.008313] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5
[    0.008616] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[    0.008647] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.008888] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    0.010027] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.010546] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[    0.011810] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
[    0.011827] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes.
[    0.039494] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.039663] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.039754] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.039863] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.040242] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10
[    0.040330] videodev: Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[    0.040556] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[    0.042370] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
[    0.054726] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.055518] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
[    0.055555] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.055584] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.055607] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[    0.055753] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.055807] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.056106] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.057942] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[    0.058328] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
[    0.095103] Key type asymmetric registered
[    0.095125] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
[    0.095222] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 250)
[    0.095235] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[    0.095242] io scheduler kyber registered
[    0.096292] sun4i-usb-phy 1c19400.phy: Couldn't request ID GPIO
[    0.100066] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: initialized sunXi PIO driver
[    0.100482] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pb not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.101204] pwm-backlight backlight: backlight supply power not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.206901] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 8 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[    0.210326] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[    0.230632] 1c28000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1c28000 (irq = 34, base_baud = 1500000) is a U6_16550A
[    0.776672] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[    0.782652] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pe not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.815920] panel-simple panel: panel supply power not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.825241] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pc not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.836785] spi-nand spi0.0: Winbond SPI NAND was found.
[    0.842113] spi-nand spi0.0: 128 MiB, block size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64
[    0.851018] 4 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device spi0.0
[    0.857466] Creating 4 MTD partitions on "spi0.0":
[    0.862266] 0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "uboot"
[    0.870113] 0x000000100000-0x000000120000 : "dtb"
[    0.875974] 0x000000120000-0x000000620000 : "kernel"
[    0.882146] random: fast init done
[    0.895633] 0x000000620000-0x000008000000 : "rootfs"
[    1.066444] random: crng init done
[    1.152066] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[    1.158675] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[    1.164241] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: EHCI Host Controller
[    1.169848] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[    1.177848] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: irq 26, io mem 0x01c1a000
[    1.212377] ehci-platform 1c1a000.usb: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[    1.219546] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.223520] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.228140] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[    1.234467] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[    1.240007] ohci-platform 1c1a400.usb: Generic Platform OHCI controller
[    1.246726] ohci-platform 1c1a400.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[    1.254694] ohci-platform 1c1a400.usb: irq 27, io mem 0x01c1a400
[    1.327423] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.331262] hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.338553] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    1.346152] sun6i-rtc 1c20400.rtc: registered as rtc0
[    1.351212] sun6i-rtc 1c20400.rtc: RTC enabled
[    1.355953] i2c /dev entries driver
[    1.360813] input: ns2009_ts as /devices/platform/soc/1c2ac00.i2c/i2c-0/0-0048/input/input0
[    1.370500] sunxi-wdt 1c20ca0.watchdog: Watchdog enabled (timeout=16 sec, nowayout=0)
[    1.379224] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pf not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.415004] sunxi-mmc 1c0f000.mmc: initialized, max. request size: 16384 KB
[    1.422572] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pg not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.433929] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    1.439505] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    1.446113] Initializing XFRM netlink socket
[    1.450423] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    1.455540] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
[    1.461453] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[    1.475387] sun8i-v3s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pe not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.487938] sun4i-drm display-engine: bound 1100000.mixer (ops 0xc0848700)
[    1.495525] sun4i-drm display-engine: bound 1c0c000.lcd-controller (ops 0xc08459fc)
[    1.503262] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[    1.509869] [drm] No driver support for vblank timestamp query.
[    1.516859] [drm] Initialized sun4i-drm 1.0.0 20150629 for display-engine on minor 0
[    1.577117] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 100x30
[    1.605592] sun4i-drm display-engine: fb0: sun4i-drmdrmfb frame buffer device
[    1.613580] usb_phy_generic usb_phy_generic.0.auto: usb_phy_generic.0.auto supply vcc not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.625097] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: MUSB HDRC host driver
[    1.630863] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1.auto: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
[    1.639991] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.643951] hub 3-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.649229] ubi0: attaching mtd3
[    2.236686] ubi0: scanning is finished
[    2.282072] ubi0: volume 0 ("rootfs") re-sized from 732 to 951 LEBs
[    2.289265] ubi0: attached mtd3 (name "rootfs", size 121 MiB)
[    2.295090] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
[    2.301957] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
[    2.308784] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
[    2.315757] ubi0: good PEBs: 975, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
[    2.321756] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
[    2.328991] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 1/0, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 405437201
[    2.338037] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 975, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 20
[    2.347328] sun6i-rtc 1c20400.rtc: setting system clock to 1970-01-01T00:23:16 UTC (1396)
[    2.355804] vcc3v0: disabling
[    2.358782] vcc3v3: disabling
[    2.361746] vcc5v0: disabling
[    2.364799] ALSA device list:
[    2.367768]   No soundcards found.
[    2.371779] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 93
[    2.388321] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode
[    2.397175] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 94
[    2.495382] UBIFS (ubi0:0): start fixing up free space
[    2.933104] UBIFS (ubi0:0): free space fixup complete
[    2.988109] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"
[    2.995678] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes
[    3.005611] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 91549696 bytes (87 MiB, 721 LEBs), journal size 9023488 bytes (8 MiB, 72 LEBs)
[    3.016060] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)
[    3.021893] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID 0D89ACE3-5309-484C-888D-2628D2752C10, small LPT model
[    3.045981] VFS: Mounted root (ubifs filesystem) on device 0:13.
[    3.055787] devtmpfs: mounted
[    3.061247] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K
[    3.067684] Run /sbin/init as init process
Starting logging: OK
Starting mdev...
/etc/init.d/S10mdev: line 21: can't create /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug: nonexistent directory
modprobe: can't change directory to '/lib/modules': No such file or directory
Initializing random number generator... done.
Starting network: OKWelcome to Lichee Pi
Lichee login:
Welcome to Lichee Pi
Lichee login:
Welcome to Lichee Pi
Lichee login: root
# ls
# cd /
# ls
bin      lib      media    proc     sbin     usr
dev      lib32    mnt      root     sys      var
etc      linuxrc  opt      run      tmp
#

用户名：root，无密码
跑起来了！！

七、进入文件系统后的操作

查看挂载的文件系统

# mount
ubi0:rootfs on / type ubifs (rw,relatime,assert=read-only,ubi=0,vol=0)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=27000k,nr_inodes=6750,mode=755)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=777)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)

查看分区

# cat /proc/mtd*
dev:    size   erasesize  name
mtd0: 00100000 00020000 "uboot"
mtd1: 00020000 00020000 "dtb"
mtd2: 00500000 00020000 "kernel"
mtd3: 079e0000 00020000 "rootfs"

# ls /dev/mtd*
/dev/mtd0    /dev/mtd1    /dev/mtd2    /dev/mtd3
/dev/mtd0ro  /dev/mtd1ro  /dev/mtd2ro  /dev/mtd3ro

查看存储

# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
ubi0:rootfs              80.1M      2.1M     78.0M   3% /
devtmpfs                 26.4M         0     26.4M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    26.9M         0     26.9M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    26.9M     20.0K     26.8M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    26.9M     16.0K     26.9M   0% /run

查看Linux内核启动参数

# cat /proc/cmdline
console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk panic=5 rootwait mtdparts=spi0.0:1M(uboot)ro,128k(dtb)ro,5M(kernel)ro,-(rootfs) ubi.mtd=3 root=ubi0:rootfs rw rootfstype=ubifs

查看目录信息

# ls -lh
total 0
drwxr-xr-x    2 1000     1000        4.5K Mar 24  2017 bin
drwxr-xr-x    8 root     root       12.3K Jan  1 00:35 dev
drwxr-xr-x    5 1000     1000        1.5K Jan  1 00:35 etc
drwxr-xr-x    2 1000     1000        2.3K Mar 24  2017 lib
lrwxrwxrwx    1 1000     1000           3 Sep 17  2023 lib32 -> lib
lrwxrwxrwx    1 1000     1000          11 Sep 17  2023 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxr-xr-x    2 1000     1000         160 Feb 28  2017 media
drwxr-xr-x    2 1000     1000         160 Feb 28  2017 mnt
drwxr-xr-x    3 1000     1000         224 Feb 26  2022 opt
dr-xr-xr-x   44 root     root           0 Jan  1 00:00 proc
drwx------    2 1000     1000         232 Jan  1 00:35 root
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root         140 Jan  1 00:35 run
drwxr-xr-x    2 1000     1000        3.5K Mar 24  2017 sbin
dr-xr-xr-x   12 root     root           0 Jan  1 00:35 sys
drwxrwxrwt    2 root     root          60 Jan  1 00:35 tmp
drwxr-xr-x    6 1000     1000         480 Mar 24  2017 usr
drwxr-xr-x    4 1000     1000         672 Mar 24  2017 var

八、总结

编译Uboot

make clean
make ARCH=arm LicheePi_Zero_Spinand_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-
./gen_sunxi_spinand_onlyboot_img.sh split.bin u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin 2048 128

编译Linux Kernel

make clean
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- licheepi_zero_spinand_defconfig
time make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j16
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- dtbs

九、打包

拷贝

cp ../u-boot-2022.04-spinand/split.bin ./
cp ../linux-zero-5.2.y-spinand/arch/arm/boot/zImage ./
cp ../linux-zero-5.2.y-spinand/arch/arm/boot/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero.dtb ./
tar -xvf rootfs.tarsudo ./step1_gen_rootfs_ubifs_img.sh
sudo ./step2_gen_ubi_img.sh
sudo ./step3_gen_flash_img.sh

0x0      ~ 0xFFFFF  : 0x100000    1 MiB
0x100000 ~ 0x11FFFF  : 0x20000     128 KiB
0x120000 ~ 0x61FFFF  : 0x500000    5 MiB
0x620000 ~ 0x7FFFFFF  : 0x79DFFFF  124800 KiB=121.875 MiB

打包脚本 step3_gen_flash_img.sh

#!/bin/bash
rm -f flashimg.bin
dd if=/dev/zero of=flashimg.bin bs=1M count=20
dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin_split_exp of=flashimg.bin bs=1K count=1024 conv=notrunc
dd if=sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero.dtb of=flashimg.bin bs=1K count=128 seek=1024 conv=notrunc
dd if=zImage of=flashimg.bin bs=1K count=5120 seek=1152 conv=notrunc
dd if=ubi.img of=flashimg.bin  bs=1K seek=6272 conv=notrunc

烧录：

sudo xfel spinand erase 0x0 0x8000000
sudo xfel spinand write 0 flashimg.bin

十、工程源码

原始的文件：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1uvlJGbLpLvEWhCeeKw6o9w
提取码：lief
–来自百度网盘超级会员V5的分享

配置好的文件：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1x2_cxEVv75nfhLBARodRwQ
提取码：lief
–来自百度网盘超级会员V5的分享

参考：

• 全志V3S嵌入式驱动开发（spi-nand image制作）
• https://whycan.com/t_3123.html
• https://whycan.com/viewtopic.php?pid=91704#p91704
• https://whycan.com/p_80604.html