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企业微信开启接收消息+验证URL有效性

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简介

前期准备

• 一个备案的域名。
• 可线上部署的应用，与域名对应。

2.3使用到的示例代码来源企业微信-开发者中心

• 访问地址：

  https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/90468
  

• 示例代码下载链接：

  https://open.work.weixin.qq.com/wwopen/downloadfile/java.zip
  

关于企业微信的开启接收信息的文档

https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/10514

本文关键词

企业微信开启接收消息、验证URL有效性、SHA1、提供接收和推送给企业微信消息的加解密接口、计算消息签名接口

实现步骤

1 开启接收消息

1.1 设置接收消息的参数

在企业的管理端后台，进入需要设置接收消息的目标应用，点击“接收消息”的“设置API接收”按钮，进入配置页面。

用的URL、Token、EncodingAESKey三个参数

• URL是企业后台接收企业微信推送请求的访问协议和地址，支持http或https协议。
• Token可由企业任意填写，用于生成签名。
• EncodingAESKey用于消息体的加密，是AES密钥的Base64编码。

这三个参数需要在下面代码中使用到。

2 验证URL有效性

2.1 官方说明

当点击“保存”提交以上信息时，企业微信会发送一条验证消息到填写的URL，发送方法为GET。
企业的接收消息服务器接收到验证请求后，需要作出正确的响应才能通过URL验证。

假设接收消息地址设置为：http://api.3dept.com/，企业微信将向该地址发送如下验证请求：

请求方式：GET
请求地址：

http://api.3dept.com/?msg_signature=ASDFQWEXZCVAQFASDFASDFSS&timestamp=13500001234&nonce=123412323&echostr=ENCRYPT_STR

参数说明

参数	必须	说明
msg_signature	是	企业微信加密签名，msg_signature结合了企业填写的token、请求中的timestamp、nonce参数、加密的消息体
timestamp	是	时间戳
nonce	是	随机数
echostr	是	加密的字符串。需要解密得到消息内容明文，解密后有random、msg_len、msg、CorpID四个字段，其中msg即为消息内容明文

企业后台收到请求后，需要做如下操作：

1. 对收到的请求做Urldecode处理
2. 通过参数msg_signature对请求进行校验，确认调用者的合法性。
3. 解密echostr参数得到消息内容(即msg字段)
4. 在1秒内原样返回明文消息内容(不能加引号，不能带bom头，不能带换行符)

2.2 Java代码

控制器层代码：QYWeiXinLoginController.java

package com.ruoyi.project.controller;import com.ruoyi.project.tx.qyweixin.service.IQYWeiXinLoginService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/wechat/info")
public class QYWechatInfoController {@Resourceprivate IQYWeiXinLoginService qyWeiXinLoginService;/*** 验证URL有效性**/@RequestMapping(value = "/verifyURLValidity", method = RequestMethod.GET)public void verifyURLValidity(@RequestParam(value = "msg_signature", required = true) String msgSignature,@RequestParam(value = "timestamp", required = true) String timestamp,@RequestParam(value = "nonce", required = true) String nonce,@RequestParam(value = "echostr", required = true) String echostr,HttpServletResponse response) {String msg = qyWeiXinLoginService.verifyURLValidity(msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);try {response.getWriter().print(msg);} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}}

业务接口：IQYWeiXinLoginService.java

package com.ruoyi.project.tx.qyweixin.service;public interface IQYWeiXinLoginService {String verifyURLValidity(String msgSignature, String timestamp, String nonce, String echostr);
}

业务接口实现：QYWeiXinLoginServiceImpl.java

package com.ruoyi.project.tx.qyweixin.service.impl;import com.ruoyi.project.tx.qyweixin.service.IQYWeiXinLoginService;
import com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes.AesException;
import com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes.WXBizMsgCrypt;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public class QYWeiXinLoginServiceImpl implements IQYWeiXinLoginService {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QYWeiXinLoginServiceImpl.class);@Overridepublic String  verifyURLValidity(String msgSignature, String timestamp, String nonce, String echostr) {logger.info("企业微信登录获取到的参数：msgSignature:{},timestamp:{},nonce:{},echostr:{}:",msgSignature,timestamp,nonce,echostr);//tokenString TOKEN = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";// encodingAESKeyString ENCODINGAES_KEY = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";//企业IDString CORP_ID = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";// 通过检验msg_signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败String result = null;try {WXBizMsgCrypt wxcpt = new WXBizMsgCrypt(TOKEN, ENCODINGAES_KEY, CORP_ID);result = wxcpt.VerifyURL(msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);} catch (AesException e) {e.printStackTrace();}logger.info("----------微信接口访问结束----------");return result;}
}

2.3 使用到的示例代码

提供接收和推送给企业微信消息的加解密接口：WXBizMsgCrypt.java

/*** 对企业微信发送给企业后台的消息加解密示例代码.** @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.*/// ------------------------------------------------------------------------/*** 针对org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64，* 需要导入架包commons-codec-1.9（或commons-codec-1.8等其他版本）* 官方下载地址：http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/download_codec.cgi*/
package com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes;import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;/*** 提供接收和推送给企业微信消息的加解密接口(UTF8编码的字符串).* <ol>* 	<li>第三方回复加密消息给企业微信</li>* 	<li>第三方收到企业微信发送的消息，验证消息的安全性，并对消息进行解密。</li>* </ol>* 说明：异常java.security.InvalidKeyException:illegal Key Size的解决方案* <ol>* 	<li>在官方网站下载JCE无限制权限策略文件（JDK7的下载地址：*      http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html</li>* 	<li>下载后解压，可以看到local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar以及readme.txt</li>* 	<li>如果安装了JRE，将两个jar文件放到%JRE_HOME%\lib\security目录下覆盖原来的文件</li>* 	<li>如果安装了JDK，将两个jar文件放到%JDK_HOME%\jre\lib\security目录下覆盖原来文件</li>* </ol>*/
public class WXBizMsgCrypt {static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");Base64 base64 = new Base64();byte[] aesKey;String token;String receiveid;/*** 构造函数* @param token 企业微信后台，开发者设置的token* @param encodingAesKey 企业微信后台，开发者设置的EncodingAESKey* @param receiveid, 不同场景含义不同，详见文档** @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息*/public WXBizMsgCrypt(String token, String encodingAesKey, String receiveid) throws AesException {if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43) {throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey);}this.token = token;this.receiveid = receiveid;aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "=");}// 生成4个字节的网络字节序byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber) {byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4];orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF);orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF);orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF);orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF);return orderBytes;}// 还原4个字节的网络字节序int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes) {int sourceNumber = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {sourceNumber <<= 8;sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff;}return sourceNumber;}// 随机生成16位字符串String getRandomStr() {String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";Random random = new Random();StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {int number = random.nextInt(base.length());sb.append(base.charAt(number));}return sb.toString();}/*** 对明文进行加密.** @param text 需要加密的明文* @return 加密后base64编码的字符串* @throws AesException aes加密失败*/String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException {ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup();byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET);byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET);byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length);byte[] receiveidBytes = receiveid.getBytes(CHARSET);// randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + receiveidbyteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes);byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder);byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes);byteCollector.addBytes(receiveidBytes);// ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size());byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes);// 获得最终的字节流, 未加密byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes();try {// 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16);cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);// 加密byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted);// 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted);return base64Encrypted;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError);}}/*** 对密文进行解密.** @param text 需要解密的密文* @return 解密得到的明文* @throws AesException aes解密失败*/String decrypt(String text) throws AesException {byte[] original;try {// 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16));cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv);// 使用BASE64对密文进行解码byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text);// 解密original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError);}String xmlContent, from_receiveid;try {// 去除补位字符byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original);// 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和receiveidbyte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20);int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder);xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET);from_receiveid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length),CHARSET);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer);}// receiveid不相同的情况if (!from_receiveid.equals(receiveid)) {throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateCorpidError);}return xmlContent;}/*** 将企业微信回复用户的消息加密打包.* <ol>* 	<li>对要发送的消息进行AES-CBC加密</li>* 	<li>生成安全签名</li>* 	<li>将消息密文和安全签名打包成xml格式</li>* </ol>** @param replyMsg 企业微信待回复用户的消息，xml格式的字符串* @param timeStamp 时间戳，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的timestamp* @param nonce 随机串，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的nonce** @return 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文，包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息*/public String EncryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException {// 加密String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg);// 生成安全签名if (timeStamp == "") {timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis());}String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt);// System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString());// 生成发送的xmlString result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce);return result;}/*** 检验消息的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文.* <ol>* 	<li>利用收到的密文生成安全签名，进行签名验证</li>* 	<li>若验证通过，则提取xml中的加密消息</li>* 	<li>对消息进行解密</li>* </ol>** @param msgSignature 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature* @param timeStamp 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp* @param nonce 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce* @param postData 密文，对应POST请求的数据** @return 解密后的原文* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息*/public String DecryptMsg(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String postData)throws AesException {// 密钥，公众账号的app secret// 提取密文Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(postData);// 验证安全签名String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt[1].toString());// 和URL中的签名比较是否相等// System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名：" + msg_sign);// System.out.println("第三方校验签名：" + signature);if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);}// 解密String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString());return result;}/*** 验证URL* @param msgSignature 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature* @param timeStamp 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp* @param nonce 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce* @param echoStr 随机串，对应URL参数的echostr** @return 解密之后的echostr* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息*/public String VerifyURL(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr)throws AesException {String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr);if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);}String result = decrypt(echoStr);return result;}}

加解密异常类：AesException.java

package com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes;/*** 加解密异常类*/
public class AesException extends Exception {public final static int OK = 0;public final static int ValidateSignatureError = -40001;public final static int ParseXmlError = -40002;public final static int ComputeSignatureError = -40003;public final static int IllegalAesKey = -40004;public final static int ValidateCorpidError = -40005;public final static int EncryptAESError = -40006;public final static int DecryptAESError = -40007;public final static int IllegalBuffer = -40008;
//public final static int EncodeBase64Error = -40009;
//public final static int DecodeBase64Error = -40010;
//public final static int GenReturnXmlError = -40011;private int code;private static String getMessage(int code) {switch (code) {case ValidateSignatureError:return "签名验证错误";case ParseXmlError:return "xml解析失败";case ComputeSignatureError:return "sha加密生成签名失败";case IllegalAesKey:return "SymmetricKey非法";case ValidateCorpidError:return "corpid校验失败";case EncryptAESError:return "aes加密失败";case DecryptAESError:return "aes解密失败";case IllegalBuffer:return "解密后得到的buffer非法";
//		case EncodeBase64Error:
//			return "base64加密错误";
//		case DecodeBase64Error:
//			return "base64解密错误";
//		case GenReturnXmlError:
//			return "xml生成失败";default:return null; // cannot be}}public int getCode() {return code;}AesException(int code) {super(getMessage(code));this.code = code;}
}

ByteGroup.java

package com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes;import java.util.ArrayList;class ByteGroup {ArrayList<Byte> byteContainer = new ArrayList<Byte>();public byte[] toBytes() {byte[] bytes = new byte[byteContainer.size()];for (int i = 0; i < byteContainer.size(); i++) {bytes[i] = byteContainer.get(i);}return bytes;}public ByteGroup addBytes(byte[] bytes) {for (byte b : bytes) {byteContainer.add(b);}return this;}public int size() {return byteContainer.size();}
}

提供基于PKCS7算法的加解密接口：PKCS7Encoder.java

package com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes;import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;/*** 提供基于PKCS7算法的加解密接口.*/
class PKCS7Encoder {static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");static int BLOCK_SIZE = 32;/*** 获得对明文进行补位填充的字节.** @param count 需要进行填充补位操作的明文字节个数* @return 补齐用的字节数组*/static byte[] encode(int count) {// 计算需要填充的位数int amountToPad = BLOCK_SIZE - (count % BLOCK_SIZE);if (amountToPad == 0) {amountToPad = BLOCK_SIZE;}// 获得补位所用的字符char padChr = chr(amountToPad);String tmp = new String();for (int index = 0; index < amountToPad; index++) {tmp += padChr;}return tmp.getBytes(CHARSET);}/*** 删除解密后明文的补位字符** @param decrypted 解密后的明文* @return 删除补位字符后的明文*/static byte[] decode(byte[] decrypted) {int pad = (int) decrypted[decrypted.length - 1];if (pad < 1 || pad > 32) {pad = 0;}return Arrays.copyOfRange(decrypted, 0, decrypted.length - pad);}/*** 将数字转化成ASCII码对应的字符，用于对明文进行补码** @param a 需要转化的数字* @return 转化得到的字符*/static char chr(int a) {byte target = (byte) (a & 0xFF);return (char) target;}}

计算消息签名接口：SHA1.java

package com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes;import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
/*** 对企业微信发送给企业后台的消息加解密示例代码.** @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.*/
/*** SHA1 class** 计算消息签名接口.*/
public class SHA1 {/*** 用SHA1算法生成安全签名* @param token 票据* @param timestamp 时间戳* @param nonce 随机字符串* @param encrypt 密文* @return 安全签名* @throws AesException*/public static String getSHA1(String token, String timestamp, String nonce, String encrypt) throws AesException{try {String[] array = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt };StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();// 字符串排序Arrays.sort(array);for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {sb.append(array[i]);}String str = sb.toString();// SHA1签名生成MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");md.update(str.getBytes());byte[] digest = md.digest();StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer();String shaHex = "";for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) {shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF);if (shaHex.length() < 2) {hexstr.append(0);}hexstr.append(shaHex);}return hexstr.toString();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new AesException(AesException.ComputeSignatureError);}}
}

提供提取消息格式中的密文及生成回复消息格式的接口：XMLParse.java

/*** 对企业微信发送给企业后台的消息加解密示例代码.** @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.*/// ------------------------------------------------------------------------package com.ruoyi.project.utils.aes;import java.io.StringReader;import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;/*** XMLParse class** 提供提取消息格式中的密文及生成回复消息格式的接口.*/
class XMLParse {/*** 提取出xml数据包中的加密消息* @param xmltext 待提取的xml字符串* @return 提取出的加密消息字符串* @throws AesException*/public static Object[] extract(String xmltext) throws AesException     {Object[] result = new Object[3];try {DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();String FEATURE = null;// This is the PRIMARY defense. If DTDs (doctypes) are disallowed, almost all XML entity attacks are prevented// Xerces 2 only - http://xerces.apache.org/xerces2-j/features.html#disallow-doctype-declFEATURE = "http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl";dbf.setFeature(FEATURE, true);// If you can't completely disable DTDs, then at least do the following:// Xerces 1 - http://xerces.apache.org/xerces-j/features.html#external-general-entities// Xerces 2 - http://xerces.apache.org/xerces2-j/features.html#external-general-entities// JDK7+ - http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entitiesFEATURE = "http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities";dbf.setFeature(FEATURE, false);// Xerces 1 - http://xerces.apache.org/xerces-j/features.html#external-parameter-entities// Xerces 2 - http://xerces.apache.org/xerces2-j/features.html#external-parameter-entities// JDK7+ - http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entitiesFEATURE = "http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities";dbf.setFeature(FEATURE, false);// Disable external DTDs as wellFEATURE = "http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd";dbf.setFeature(FEATURE, false);// and these as well, per Timothy Morgan's 2014 paper: "XML Schema, DTD, and Entity Attacks"dbf.setXIncludeAware(false);dbf.setExpandEntityReferences(false);// And, per Timothy Morgan: "If for some reason support for inline DOCTYPEs are a requirement, then// ensure the entity settings are disabled (as shown above) and beware that SSRF attacks// (http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html) and denial// of service attacks (such as billion laughs or decompression bombs via "jar:") are a risk."// remaining parser logicDocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();StringReader sr = new StringReader(xmltext);InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);Document document = db.parse(is);Element root = document.getDocumentElement();NodeList nodelist1 = root.getElementsByTagName("Encrypt");result[0] = 0;result[1] = nodelist1.item(0).getTextContent();return result;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new AesException(AesException.ParseXmlError);}}/*** 生成xml消息* @param encrypt 加密后的消息密文* @param signature 安全签名* @param timestamp 时间戳* @param nonce 随机字符串* @return 生成的xml字符串*/public static String generate(String encrypt, String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {String format = "<xml>\n" + "<Encrypt><![CDATA[%1$s]]></Encrypt>\n"+ "<MsgSignature><![CDATA[%2$s]]></MsgSignature>\n"+ "<TimeStamp>%3$s</TimeStamp>\n" + "<Nonce><![CDATA[%4$s]]></Nonce>\n" + "</xml>";return String.format(format, encrypt, signature, timestamp, nonce);}
}