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00. 目录

01. SPI简介

在大容量产品和互联型产品上，SPI接口可以配置为支持SPI协议或者支持I2S音频协议。SPI接口默认工作在SPI方式，可以通过软件把功能从SPI模式切换到I2S模式。

在小容量和中容量产品上，不支持I2S音频协议。

串行外设接口(SPI)允许芯片与外部设备以半/全双工、同步、串行方式通信。此接口可以被配置成主模式，并为外部从设备提供通信时钟(SCK)。接口还能以多主配置方式工作。

它可用于多种用途，包括使用一条双向数据线的双线单工同步传输，还可使用CRC校验的可靠通信。

I2S也是一种3引脚的同步串行接口通讯协议。它支持四种音频标准，包括飞利浦I2S标准，MSB和LSB对齐标准，以及PCM标准。它在半双工通讯中，可以工作在主和从2种模式下。当它作为主设备时，通过接口向外部的从设备提供时钟信号。

02. W25Q64简介

•W25Qxx系列是一种低成本、小型化、使用简单的非易失性存储器，常应用于数据存储、字库存储、固件程序存储等场景

•存储介质：Nor Flash（闪存）

•时钟频率：80MHz / 160MHz (Dual SPI) / 320MHz (Quad SPI)

•存储容量（24位地址）

03. SPI相关API

3.1 SPI_Init

/*** @brief  Initializes the SPIx peripheral according to the specified *         parameters in the SPI_InitStruct.* @param  SPIx: where x can be 1, 2 or 3 to select the SPI peripheral.* @param  SPI_InitStruct: pointer to a SPI_InitTypeDef structure that*         contains the configuration information for the specified SPI peripheral.* @retval None*/
void SPI_Init(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, SPI_InitTypeDef* SPI_InitStruct)
功能:根据 SPI_InitStruct 中指定的参数初始化外设 SPIx 寄存器
参数:SPIx：x 可以是 1 或者 2，来选择 SPI 外设SPI_InitStruct：指向结构 SPI_InitTypeDef 的指针，包含了外设 SPI 的配置信息
返回值:无   

3.2 SPI_Cmd

/*** @brief  Enables or disables the specified SPI peripheral.* @param  SPIx: where x can be 1, 2 or 3 to select the SPI peripheral.* @param  NewState: new state of the SPIx peripheral. *   This parameter can be: ENABLE or DISABLE.* @retval None*/
void SPI_Cmd(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, FunctionalState NewState)
功能:使能或者失能SPI外设
参数:SPIx：x 可以是 1 或者 2，来选择 SPI 外设NewState: 外设 SPIx 的新状态这个参数可以取：ENABLE 或者 DISABLE
返回值:无       

3.3 SPI_I2S_SendData

/*** @brief  Transmits a Data through the SPIx/I2Sx peripheral.* @param  SPIx: where x can be*   - 1, 2 or 3 in SPI mode *   - 2 or 3 in I2S mode* @param  Data : Data to be transmitted.* @retval None*/
void SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, uint16_t Data)
功能:通过外设 SPIx 发送一个数据
参数:SPIx：x 可以是 1 或者 2，来选择 SPI 外设Data: 待发送的数据
返回值:无       

3.4 SPI_I2S_ReceiveData

/*** @brief  Returns the most recent received data by the SPIx/I2Sx peripheral. * @param  SPIx: where x can be*   - 1, 2 or 3 in SPI mode *   - 2 or 3 in I2S mode* @retval The value of the received data.*/
uint16_t SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx)
功能:返回通过 SPIx 最近接收的数据
参数:SPIx：x 可以是 1 或者 2，来选择 SPI 外设
返回值:接收到的字       

3.5 SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus

/*** @brief  Checks whether the specified SPI/I2S flag is set or not.* @param  SPIx: where x can be*   - 1, 2 or 3 in SPI mode *   - 2 or 3 in I2S mode* @param  SPI_I2S_FLAG: specifies the SPI/I2S flag to check. *   This parameter can be one of the following values:*     @arg SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE: Transmit buffer empty flag.*     @arg SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE: Receive buffer not empty flag.*     @arg SPI_I2S_FLAG_BSY: Busy flag.*     @arg SPI_I2S_FLAG_OVR: Overrun flag.*     @arg SPI_FLAG_MODF: Mode Fault flag.*     @arg SPI_FLAG_CRCERR: CRC Error flag.*     @arg I2S_FLAG_UDR: Underrun Error flag.*     @arg I2S_FLAG_CHSIDE: Channel Side flag.* @retval The new state of SPI_I2S_FLAG (SET or RESET).*/
FlagStatus SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, uint16_t SPI_I2S_FLAG)
功能:检查指定的 SPI 标志位设置与否
参数:SPIx：x 可以是 1 或者 2，来选择 SPI 外设SPI_I2S_FLAG：待检查的 SPI 标志位
返回值:SPI_FLAG 的新状态（SET 或者 RESET）  

3.6 SPI_I2S_ClearFlag

/*** @brief  Clears the SPIx CRC Error (CRCERR) flag.* @param  SPIx: where x can be*   - 1, 2 or 3 in SPI mode * @param  SPI_I2S_FLAG: specifies the SPI flag to clear. *   This function clears only CRCERR flag.* @note*   - OVR (OverRun error) flag is cleared by software sequence: a read *     operation to SPI_DR register (SPI_I2S_ReceiveData()) followed by a read *     operation to SPI_SR register (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus()).*   - UDR (UnderRun error) flag is cleared by a read operation to *     SPI_SR register (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus()).*   - MODF (Mode Fault) flag is cleared by software sequence: a read/write *     operation to SPI_SR register (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus()) followed by a *     write operation to SPI_CR1 register (SPI_Cmd() to enable the SPI).* @retval None*/
void SPI_I2S_ClearFlag(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, uint16_t SPI_I2S_FLAG)
功能:清除 SPIx 的待处理标志位
参数:SPIx：x 可以是 1 或者 2，来选择 SPI 外设SPI_I2S_FLAG：待清除的 SPI 标志位
返回值:无

3.7 SPI_InitTypeDef

typedef struct
{uint16_t SPI_Direction;           /*!< Specifies the SPI unidirectional or bidirectional data mode.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_data_direction */uint16_t SPI_Mode;                /*!< Specifies the SPI operating mode.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_mode */uint16_t SPI_DataSize;            /*!< Specifies the SPI data size.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_data_size */uint16_t SPI_CPOL;                /*!< Specifies the serial clock steady state.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_Clock_Polarity */uint16_t SPI_CPHA;                /*!< Specifies the clock active edge for the bit capture.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_Clock_Phase */uint16_t SPI_NSS;                 /*!< Specifies whether the NSS signal is managed byhardware (NSS pin) or by software using the SSI bit.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_Slave_Select_management */uint16_t SPI_BaudRatePrescaler;   /*!< Specifies the Baud Rate prescaler value which will beused to configure the transmit and receive SCK clock.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_BaudRate_Prescaler.@note The communication clock is derived from the masterclock. The slave clock does not need to be set. */uint16_t SPI_FirstBit;            /*!< Specifies whether data transfers start from MSB or LSB bit.This parameter can be a value of @ref SPI_MSB_LSB_transmission */uint16_t SPI_CRCPolynomial;       /*!< Specifies the polynomial used for the CRC calculation. */
}SPI_InitTypeDef;

SPI_Direction

/** @defgroup SPI_data_direction * @{*/#define SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SPI_Direction_2Lines_RxOnly     ((uint16_t)0x0400)
#define SPI_Direction_1Line_Rx          ((uint16_t)0x8000)
#define SPI_Direction_1Line_Tx          ((uint16_t)0xC000)

SPI_Mode

/** @defgroup SPI_mode * @{*/#define SPI_Mode_Master                 ((uint16_t)0x0104)
#define SPI_Mode_Slave                  ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define IS_SPI_MODE(MODE) (((MODE) == SPI_Mode_Master) || \((MODE) == SPI_Mode_Slave))

SPI_DataSize

/** @defgroup SPI_data_size * @{*/#define SPI_DataSize_16b                ((uint16_t)0x0800)
#define SPI_DataSize_8b                 ((uint16_t)0x0000)

SPI_CPOL

/** @defgroup SPI_Clock_Polarity * @{*/#define SPI_CPOL_Low                    ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SPI_CPOL_High                   ((uint16_t)0x0002)

SPI_CPHA

/** @defgroup SPI_Clock_Phase * @{*/#define SPI_CPHA_1Edge                  ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SPI_CPHA_2Edge                  ((uint16_t)0x0001)

SPI_NSS

/** @defgroup SPI_Slave_Select_management * @{*/#define SPI_NSS_Soft                    ((uint16_t)0x0200)
#define SPI_NSS_Hard                    ((uint16_t)0x0000)

SPI_BaudRatePrescaler

/** @defgroup SPI_BaudRate_Prescaler * @{*/#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_2         ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_4         ((uint16_t)0x0008)
#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_8         ((uint16_t)0x0010)
#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_16        ((uint16_t)0x0018)
#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_32        ((uint16_t)0x0020)
#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_64        ((uint16_t)0x0028)
#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_128       ((uint16_t)0x0030)
#define SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_256       ((uint16_t)0x0038)

SPI_FirstBit

/** @defgroup SPI_MSB_LSB_transmission * @{*/#define SPI_FirstBit_MSB                ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SPI_FirstBit_LSB                ((uint16_t)0x0080)

SPI_CRCPolynomial

CRC校验值

04. 硬件SPI读写W25Q64接线图

05. 硬件SPI读写W25Q64示例

spi.h

#ifndef __SPI_H__
#define __SPI_H__#include "stm32f10x.h"  void spi_init(void);void spi_start(void);void spi_stop(void);uint8_t spi_swap_byte(uint8_t val);#endif /*__SPI_H__*/

spi.c

#include "spi.h"
#include "stm32f10x_spi.h"/*
CS: PA4
CLK: PA5
DO: PA6
DI: PA7
*///SS写  PA4
void spi_W_SS(uint8_t bitval)
{GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_4, (BitAction)bitval);
}void spi_init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStruct;//使能时钟RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1, ENABLE);	//A4  CSGPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_4;GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);//A5 A7  CLK  DIGPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5 | GPIO_Pin_7;GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);//A6  DOGPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);SPI_InitStruct.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_128;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_1Edge;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_Low;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_CRCPolynomial = 7;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;SPI_InitStruct.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;SPI_Init(SPI1, &SPI_InitStruct);SPI_Cmd(SPI1, ENABLE);spi_W_SS(1);
}void spi_start(void)
{spi_W_SS(0);
}void spi_stop(void)
{spi_W_SS(1);
}uint8_t spi_swap_byte(uint8_t val)
{while(SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE) != SET);SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, val);while(SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) != SET);return SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI1);
}

w25q64.h

#ifndef __W25Q64_H__#define __W25Q64_H__#include "stm32f10x.h"  #define W25Q64_WRITE_ENABLE							0x06
#define W25Q64_WRITE_DISABLE						0x04
#define W25Q64_READ_STATUS_REGISTER_1				0x05
#define W25Q64_READ_STATUS_REGISTER_2				0x35
#define W25Q64_WRITE_STATUS_REGISTER				0x01
#define W25Q64_PAGE_PROGRAM							0x02
#define W25Q64_QUAD_PAGE_PROGRAM					0x32
#define W25Q64_BLOCK_ERASE_64KB						0xD8
#define W25Q64_BLOCK_ERASE_32KB						0x52
#define W25Q64_SECTOR_ERASE_4KB						0x20
#define W25Q64_CHIP_ERASE							0xC7
#define W25Q64_ERASE_SUSPEND						0x75
#define W25Q64_ERASE_RESUME							0x7A
#define W25Q64_POWER_DOWN							0xB9
#define W25Q64_HIGH_PERFORMANCE_MODE				0xA3
#define W25Q64_CONTINUOUS_READ_MODE_RESET			0xFF
#define W25Q64_RELEASE_POWER_DOWN_HPM_DEVICE_ID		0xAB
#define W25Q64_MANUFACTURER_DEVICE_ID				0x90
#define W25Q64_READ_UNIQUE_ID						0x4B
#define W25Q64_JEDEC_ID								0x9F
#define W25Q64_READ_DATA							0x03
#define W25Q64_FAST_READ							0x0B
#define W25Q64_FAST_READ_DUAL_OUTPUT				0x3B
#define W25Q64_FAST_READ_DUAL_IO					0xBB
#define W25Q64_FAST_READ_QUAD_OUTPUT				0x6B
#define W25Q64_FAST_READ_QUAD_IO					0xEB
#define W25Q64_OCTAL_WORD_READ_QUAD_IO				0xE3#define W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE							0xFFvoid W25Q64_init(void);void W25Q64_read_id(uint8_t *mid, uint16_t *did);//写使能
void W25Q64_write_enable(void);//等待 直到空闲
void W25Q64_wait_busy(void);void W25Q64_sector_erase(uint32_t addr);void W25Q64_page_program(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len);void W25Q64_read_data(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len);#endif /*__W25Q64_H__*/

w25q64.c

#include "w25q64.h"
#include "spi.h"void W25Q64_init(void)
{spi_init();
}void W25Q64_read_id(uint8_t *mid, uint16_t *did)
{spi_start();spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_JEDEC_ID);*mid = spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);*did = spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);*did <<= 8;*did |= spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);spi_stop();
}void W25Q64_write_enable(void)
{spi_start();spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_WRITE_ENABLE);spi_stop();
}void W25Q64_wait_busy(void)
{uint32_t timeout;spi_start();spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_READ_STATUS_REGISTER_1);	timeout = 100000;while((spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE) & 0x1) == 0x01){timeout--;if (0 == timeout){break;}}spi_stop();
}void W25Q64_page_program(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len)
{uint8_t i;W25Q64_write_enable();spi_start();spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_PAGE_PROGRAM);	spi_swap_byte(addr >> 16);spi_swap_byte(addr >> 8);spi_swap_byte(addr);	for (i = 0; i < len; i++){spi_swap_byte(arr[i]);}spi_stop();W25Q64_wait_busy();
}void W25Q64_sector_erase(uint32_t addr)
{W25Q64_write_enable();spi_start();spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_SECTOR_ERASE_4KB);	spi_swap_byte(addr >> 16);spi_swap_byte(addr >> 8);spi_swap_byte(addr);spi_stop();W25Q64_wait_busy();}void W25Q64_read_data(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len)
{uint8_t i = 0;spi_start();spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_READ_DATA);	spi_swap_byte(addr >> 16);spi_swap_byte(addr >> 8);spi_swap_byte(addr);for (i = 0; i < len; i++){arr[i] = spi_swap_byte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);}spi_stop();
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"#include "delay.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "w25q64.h"int main(void){	uint8_t mid;uint16_t did;uint8_t array_w[4] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44};uint8_t array_r[4];//初始化OLED_Init();W25Q64_init();//显示一个字符//OLED_ShowChar(1, 1, 'A');//显示字符串//OLED_ShowString(1, 3, "SPI Test");OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "MID:   DID:");OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "W:");OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "R:");W25Q64_read_id(&mid, &did);OLED_ShowHexNum(1, 5, mid, 2);OLED_ShowHexNum(1, 12, did, 4);//擦除扇区W25Q64_sector_erase(0x0);//写扇区W25Q64_page_program(0x0, array_w, 4);//读数据W25Q64_read_data(0x0, array_r, 4);OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 3, array_w[0], 2);OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 6, array_w[1], 2);OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 9, array_w[2], 2);OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 12, array_w[3], 2);	 OLED_ShowHexNum(3, 3, array_r[0], 2);OLED_ShowHexNum(3, 6, array_r[1], 2);OLED_ShowHexNum(3, 9, array_r[2], 2);OLED_ShowHexNum(3, 12, array_r[3], 2);			 while(1){}return 0;}

06. 程序下载

31-硬件SPI.rar

07. 附录

参考: 【STM32】江科大STM32学习笔记汇总