邢台大峡谷/优化培训课程

Alex教程每一P的教程原代码加上我自己的理解初步理解写的注释，可供学习Alex教程的人参考

【Unity教程】从0编程制作类银河恶魔城游戏_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

Player.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Unity.VisualScripting;
using UnityEngine;public class Player : MonoBehaviour
{[Header("Move Info")]public float moveSpeed;//定义速度，与xInput相乘控制速度的大小public float jumpForce;[Header("Collision Info")][SerializeField] private Transform groundCheck;//transform类，代表的时物体的位置,后面会来定位子组件的位置    [SerializeField] private float groundCheckDistance;[SerializeField] private Transform wallCheck;//transform类，代表的时物体的位置,后面会来定位子组件的位置    [SerializeField] private float wallCheckDistance;[SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsGround;//LayerMask类，与Raycast配合，https://docs.unity3d.com/cn/current/ScriptReference/Physics.Raycast.htmlpublic int facingDir { get; private set; } = 1;//暂时没有用private bool facingRight = true;//判断是否朝右#region 定义Unity组件public Animator anim { get; private set; }//这样才能配合着拿到自己身上的animator的控制权public Rigidbody2D rb { get; private set; }//配合拿到身上的Rigidbody2D组件控制权#endregion#region 定义Statespublic PlayerStateMachine stateMachine { get; private set; }public PlayerIdleState idleState { get; private set; }public PlayerMoveState moveState { get; private set; }public PlayerJumpState jumpState { get; private set; }public PlayerAirState airState { get; private set; }#endregionprivate void Awake(){stateMachine = new PlayerStateMachine();//通过构造函数，在构造时传递信息idleState = new PlayerIdleState(this, stateMachine, "Idle");moveState = new PlayerMoveState(this, stateMachine, "Move");jumpState = new PlayerJumpState(this, stateMachine, "Jump");airState  = new PlayerAirState(this, stateMachine, "Jump");//this 就是 Player这个类本身}//Awake初始化所以State，为所有State传入各自独有的参数，及animBool，以判断是否调用此动画（与animatoin配合完成）private void Start(){anim = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();//拿到自己身上的animator的控制权rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();stateMachine.Initialize(idleState);}private void Update()//在mano中update会自动刷新但其他没有mano的不会故，需要在这个updata中调用其他脚本中的函数stateMachine.currentState.update以实现 //stateMachine中的update{stateMachine.currentState.Update();//反复调用CurrentState的Update函数}public void SetVelocity(float _xVelocity,float _yVelocity){rb.velocity = new Vector2(_xVelocity, _yVelocity);//将rb的velocity属性设置为对应的想要的二维向量。因为2D游戏的速度就是二维向量FlipController(_xVelocity);//在其他设置速度的时候调用翻转控制器}//控制速度的函数，此函数在其他State中可能会使用，但仅能通过player.SeVelocity调用public bool IsGroundDetected(){return Physics2D.Raycast(groundCheck.position, Vector2.down, groundCheckDistance, whatIsGround);}//通过RayCast检测是否挨着地面,https://docs.unity3d.com/cn/current/ScriptReference/Physics.Raycast.html//xxxxxxxx()   => xxxxxxxx  == xxxxxxxxxx() return xxxxxxxxx;private void OnDrawGizmos(){Gizmos.DrawLine(groundCheck.position, new Vector3(groundCheck.position.x, groundCheck.position.y - groundCheckDistance));//绘制一条从 from(前面的) 开始到 to（后面的） 的线。Gizmos.DrawLine(wallCheck.position, new Vector3(wallCheck.position.x + wallCheckDistance, wallCheck.position.y ));//绘制一条从 from(前面的) 开始到 to（后面的） 的线。}//画线函数public void Flip(){facingDir = facingDir * -1;facingRight = !facingRight;transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0);//旋转函数,transform不需要额外定义，因为他是自带的}//翻转函数public void FlipController(float _x)//目前设置x，目的时能在空中时也能转身{if(_x > 0 &&!facingRight)//当速度大于0且没有朝右时，翻转{Flip();}else if(_x < 0 && facingRight){Flip();}}
}

PlayerState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Authentication.ExtendedProtection;
using UnityEngine;
//被继承的总类，后面的所以state都需要继承它
//实际上Player并没有进入过这个状态，没有调用此脚本，所有的调用均属于此脚本的子脚本
public class PlayerState
{protected PlayerStateMachine stateMachine;//创建PlayerStateMachine类，以承接来自Player.cs传过来的东西protected Player player;//创建Player类，以承接来自Player.cs传过来的东西#region Unity组件protected Rigidbody2D rb;//纯简化，将player.rb --> rb#endregionprivate string animBoolName;//控制此时的anim的BOOL值protected float xInput;//设置一个可以保存当前是否在按移动键的变量public PlayerState(Player _player,PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine,string _animBoolName){this.player = _player;this.stateMachine = _stateMachine;                                                this.animBoolName = _animBoolName;}//构造函数，用于传递信息public virtual void Enter(){player.anim.SetBool(animBoolName, true);//通过animator自带的函数，将animator里的Bool值改变为想要的值rb = player.rb;//纯简化，将player.rb --> rb}public virtual void Update(){player.anim.SetFloat("yVelocity", rb.velocity.y);//通过animator自带的函数，将animator里的Float值改变为想要的值,改变yVelocity以控制Jump与Fall动画的切换xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");//对于键盘和游戏杆输入，该值将处于 -1...1 的范围内。 由于未对输入进行平滑处理，键盘输入将始终为 -1、0 或 1。 如果您想自己完成键盘输入的所有平滑处理，这非常有用。}public virtual void Exit(){player.anim.SetBool(animBoolName, false);//通过animator自带的函数，将animator里的Bool值改变为想要的值}}

PlayerStateMachine.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerStateMachine
{public PlayerState currentState { get; private set; }public void Initialize(PlayerState _startState){currentState = _startState;currentState.Enter();}//初始化状态函数，及通过将idleState传送进来，以便于调用idleState中的Enter函数public void ChangeState(PlayerState _newState){currentState.Exit();currentState = _newState;currentState.Enter();}//更改状态函数//1.调用当前状态的Exit函数，使动画为false//2.传入新的状态，替换原来的状态//3.调用新的状态的Enter函数
}

PlayerGroundState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//GroundState用于保证只有在Idle和Move这两个地面状态下才能调用某些函数，并且稍微减少一点代码量
public class PlayerGroundState : PlayerState
{public PlayerGroundState(Player _player, PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName) : base(_player, _stateMachine, _animBoolName){}public override void Enter(){base.Enter();}public override void Update(){base.Update();if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)&&player.IsGroundDetected()){stateMachine.ChangeState(player.jumpState);}//空格切换为跳跃状态}public override void Exit(){base.Exit();}}

PlayerIdleState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerIdleState : PlayerGroundState//继承函数，获得PlayerState里的所有函数和参数
{public PlayerIdleState(Player _player, PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName) : base(_player, _stateMachine, _animBoolName){}//构造函数，用于传递信息。//当外补New出对象时，New出的对象里传入参数public override void Enter(){base.Enter();}public override void Exit(){base.Exit();}public override void Update(){base.Update();if(xInput != 0){stateMachine.ChangeState(player.moveState);//在这里我们能使用Player里的东西，主要是因为我们通过构造函数传过来Player实体，如果不传，则无法使用已经存在了的Player实体。}}
}

PlayerMoveState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerMoveState : PlayerGroundState
{public PlayerMoveState(Player _player, PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName) : base(_player, _stateMachine, _animBoolName){}//构造函数，用于传递信息。//当外补New出对象时，New出的对象里传入参数public override void Enter(){base.Enter();}public override void Exit(){base.Exit();}public override void Update(){base.Update();player.SetVelocity(xInput*player.moveSpeed, rb.velocity.y);//player.rb.velocity.y默认的为0,player.moveSpeed在player中定义，但可以在Unity引擎中更改if (xInput==0){stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);//在这里我们能使用Player里的东西，主要是因为我们通过构造函数传过来Player实体，如果不传，则无法使用已经存在了的Player实体。}}
}

PlayerJumpState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerJumpState : PlayerState
{public PlayerJumpState(Player _player, PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName) : base(_player, _stateMachine, _animBoolName){}public override void Enter(){base.Enter();rb.velocity = new Vector2(rb.velocity.x, player.jumpForce);//将y轴速度改变}public override void Update(){base.Update();if (rb.velocity.y < 0)//当速度小于0时切换为airState{stateMachine.ChangeState(player.airState);//与其说是airState，不如说是FallState}}public override void Exit(){base.Exit();}}

PlayerAirState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerAirState : PlayerState
{public PlayerAirState(Player _player, PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName) : base(_player, _stateMachine, _animBoolName){}public override void Enter(){base.Enter();}public override void Update(){base.Update();if (player.IsGroundDetected()){stateMachine.ChangeState(player.idleState);}//暂时使用，因为这样写是由错误的}public override void Exit(){base.Exit();}}