0基础学习Elasticsearch-使用Java操作ES

1 背景

上篇学习了0基础学习Elasticsearch-Quick start，随后本篇研究如何使用Java操作ES

2 前言

1. 建议通篇阅读再回头来跟着敲代码
2. 建议先阅读Java连接ES云以及如何使用CA证书连接、ES鉴权连接对Java连接ES有哪几种方法有个认知，阅读如何Reading responses，阅读如何同步、异步发送请求
3. ES 8版本后建议使用Java Low Level REST ClientJava客户端，本篇采用该客户端

3 Java如何操作ES

3.1 引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-client</artifactId><version>8.13.4</version>
</dependency>

3.2 依赖介绍

low-level Java REST client内部采用了Apache Http Async Client来发送HTTP请求，内部含有以下这些依赖，如果遇到依赖冲突，需要解决：

• org.apache.httpcomponents:httpasyncclient
• org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore-nio
• org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient
• org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore
• commons-codec:commons-codec
• commons-logging:commons-logging

3.3 隐藏依赖

如果遇到上面列出的依赖冲突，可以使用下面这个方法来解决，pom文件加入下面代码：

<build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><executions><execution><phase>package</phase><goals><goal>shade</goal></goals><configuration><relocations><relocation><pattern>org.apache.http</pattern><shadedPattern>hidden.org.apache.http</shadedPattern></relocation><relocation><pattern>org.apache.logging</pattern><shadedPattern>hidden.org.apache.logging</shadedPattern></relocation><relocation><pattern>org.apache.commons.codec</pattern><shadedPattern>hidden.org.apache.commons.codec</shadedPattern></relocation><relocation><pattern>org.apache.commons.logging</pattern><shadedPattern>hidden.org.apache.commons.logging</shadedPattern></relocation></relocations></configuration></execution></executions></plugin></plugins>
</build>

3.4 初始化客户端（获取ES连接）

概括：通过账号密码来获取连接。笔者这里通过注入bean的方式初始化ES客户端并交给Spring管理

@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class EsClient {public static final String HOST = "192.168.90.128";public static final int PORT = 9200;public static final String PROTOCOL = "https";public static final String username = "elastic";public static final String password = "84fZ4PuywWr_unOcr+JH";@Beanpublic RestClient restClient() {RestClientBuilder clientBuilder = RestClient.builder(new HttpHost(HOST, PORT, PROTOCOL)).setCompressionEnabled(true);CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY,new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, password));try {SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, TrustAllStrategy.INSTANCE).build();clientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder -> httpClientBuilder.setSSLContext(sslContext).setSSLHostnameVerifier(NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE).setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider));} catch (Exception e) {log.error("EsClient_elasticsearchClient, init RestClient error. error msg:{}", e.getMessage());}return clientBuilder.build();}
}

3.5 发送请求给ES

写一个测试类来尝试操作ES：

@Slf4j
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = GmallEsApplication.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class EsClientTest{@Resourceprivate RestClient restClient;@Testpublic void performRequest() throws IOException {Request request = new Request("GET","/");Response response = restClient.performRequest(request);log.info("response:{}", JSON.toJSONString(response));if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {System.err.println("Method failed: " + response.getStatusLine());} else {HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();String responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(entity);log.info("responseBody:{}", responseBody);}}}