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STM 32_HAL_SDIO_SD卡

news 2026/2/7 17:08:27

STM32的SDIO（Secure Digital Input Output）

接口是一种用于SD卡和MMC卡的高速数据传输接口。它允许STM32微控制器与多种存储卡和外设进行通信，支持多媒体卡（MMC卡）、SD存储卡、SDI/O卡和CE-ATA设备。STM32的SDIO控制器与多媒体卡系统规格书版本4.2完全兼容，支持三种不同的数据总线模式：1位(默认)、4位和8位。

接口简介：STM32的SDIO接口基于SD卡接口发展而来，兼容之前的SD卡，并可连接SDIO接口设备，如蓝牙、WiFi、照相机等。STM32的SDIO控制器支持多媒体卡（MMC卡）、SD存储卡、SDI/O卡和CE-ATA设备。
特点：STM32的SDIO控制器与多媒体卡系统规格书版本4.2完全兼容，支持三种不同的数据总线模式：1位(默认)、4位和8位。它还与较早的多媒体卡系统规格版本全兼容，与SD存储卡规格版本2.0全兼容，并完全支持CE-ATA功能。
时钟配置：SDIO接口需要配置卡时钟（SDIO_CK）和SDIO适配器时钟（SDIOCLK）。SDIO_CK用于命令和数据线传输，而SDIOCLK用于驱动SDIO适配器。
命令与响应：SDIO的命令分为应用相关命令(ACMD)和通用命令(CMD)。所有命令和响应都在SDIO_CMD引脚上传输。响应分为短响应(48位)和长响应(136位)。
块数据传输：SDIO与SD卡通信通常以数据块的形式进行传输。多数据块读操作和写操作都带CRC校验，且需要在SD卡非繁忙时进行数据块写操作。

SDIO框图

STM32CudeMX

1配置时钟

2打开SDIO并选择存储类型和数据引脚的个数（我的是sd卡，4引脚）

SDIO的配置我的

在 Parameter Settings 进行具体参数配置。

Clock transition on which the bit capture is made： Rising transition。主时钟 SDIOCLK 产生 CLK 引脚时钟有效沿选择，可选上升沿或下降沿，它设定 SDIO 时钟控制寄存器(SDIO_CLKCR)的 NEGEDGE 位的值，一般选择设置为上升沿。

SDIO Clock divider bypass： Disable。时钟分频旁路使用，可选使能或禁用，它设定 SDIO_CLKCR 寄存器的 BYPASS 位。如果使能旁路，SDIOCLK 直接驱动 CLK 线输出时钟；如果禁用，使用 SDIO_CLKCR 寄存器的 CLKDIV 位值分频 SDIOCLK，然后输出到 CLK 线。一般选择禁用时钟分频旁路。

SDIO Clock output enable when the bus is idle： Disable the power save for the clock。节能模式选择，可选使能或禁用，它设定 SDIO_CLKCR 寄存器的 PWRSAV 位的值。如果使能节能模式，CLK 线只有在总线激活时才有时钟输出；如果禁用节能模式，始终使能 CLK 线输出时钟。

SDIO hardware flow control： The hardware control flow is disabled。硬件流控制选择，可选使能或禁用，它设定 SDIO_CLKCR 寄存器的 HWFC_EN 位的值。硬件流控制功能可以避免 FIFO 发送上溢和下溢错误。

SDIOCLK clock divide factor： 6。时钟分频系数，它设定 SDIO_CLKCR 寄存器的 CLKDIV 位的值，设置 SDIOCLK 与 CLK 线输出时钟分频系数：CLK 线时钟频率=SDIOCLK/([CLKDIV+2])。

SDIO_CK 引脚的时钟信号在卡识别模式时要求不超过 400KHz，而在识别后的数据传输模式时则希望有更高的速度（最大不超过 25MHz），所以会针对这两种模式配置 SDIOCLK 的时钟。 这里参数描述建议将SDIOCLK clock divede factor 参数使用默认值为0，SDIOCLK为72MHz，可以得到最大频率36MHz，但请注意，有些型号的SD卡可能不支持36MHz这么高的频率，所以还是要以实际情况而定。

CLK 线时钟频率 = SDIOCLK / (CLKDIV + 2)

SDIOCLK 是 SDIO 总线的时钟源频率

CLKDIV 是时钟分频器的值

CLK 线时钟频率：SDIO输出的频率

可以生成代码了

代码编写

注意

在使用HAL库时，初始化时如果SD没有检测到会进入Error_Handler() 将会进入死循环

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation删除（我的卡不支持宽模式，不删除会影响程序）

Error_Handler() 函数通常是在嵌入式系统中的硬件抽象层（HAL）中定义的一个占位符函数，用于在发生错误时提供一个统一的处理点。默认情况下，这个函数可能是空的，也可能包含一些基本的错误处理代码，例如禁用中断、记录错误信息、进入一个死循环或者复位系统。

要将MX_SDIO_SD_Init();中的上面函数注释掉

void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 1 */hsd.Instance = SDIO;hsd.Init.ClockEdge = SDIO_CLOCK_EDGE_RISING;hsd.Init.ClockBypass = SDIO_CLOCK_BYPASS_ENABLE;hsd.Init.ClockPowerSave = SDIO_CLOCK_POWER_SAVE_DISABLE;hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;hsd.Init.HardwareFlowControl = SDIO_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_ENABLE;hsd.Init.ClockDiv = 6;if (HAL_SD_Init(&hsd) != HAL_OK){//Error_Handler();}if (HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B) != HAL_OK){// Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 2 */}

用HAL_SD_Init(&hsd)函数看返回是否位HAL_OK 可以判断是否有SD卡，顺便重新初始化了

HAL_SD_Init(&hsd) 和 MX_SDIO_SD_Init()作用是一样的。

有哪些函数

HAL_SD_Init - 初始化 SDIO 接口和 SD 卡。
HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation - 配置 SD 卡以使用宽总线模式（4位数据线）。
HAL_SD_DeInit - 去初始化 SDIO 接口。
HAL_SD_GetCardInfo - 获取 SD 卡的信息，如卡类型、容量等。
HAL_SD_GetCardState - 获取 SD 卡的当前状态。
HAL_SD_GetStatus - 获取 SD 卡的状态信息。
HAL_SD_ReadBlocks - 从 SD 卡读取一个或多个块数据。（DMA 中断）
HAL_SD_WriteBlocks - 向 SD 卡写入一个或多个块数据。
HAL_SD_Get_OCR - 获取 SD 卡的操作条件寄存器（OCR）内容。
HAL_SD_GetCID - 获取 SD 卡的卡识别（CID）信息。
HAL_SD_GetCSD - 获取 SD 卡的卡特定数据（CSD）信息。
HAL_SD_Abort - 中止当前的传输操作。
HAL_SD_AbortIT - 中止当前的传输操作并产生中断。
HAL_SD_IRQHandler - SDIO中断处理函数。
HAL_SD_RxCpltCallback - 接收完成回调函数。
HAL_SD_TxCpltCallback - 传输完成回调函数。
HAL_SD_ErrorCallback - 错误回调函数。

检测是否有SD卡（实例1）

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    sdio.c* @brief   This file provides code for the configuration*          of the SDIO instances.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "sdio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 */SD_HandleTypeDef hsd;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_sdio;/* SDIO init function */void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 1 */hsd.Instance = SDIO;hsd.Init.ClockEdge = SDIO_CLOCK_EDGE_RISING;hsd.Init.ClockBypass = SDIO_CLOCK_BYPASS_ENABLE;hsd.Init.ClockPowerSave = SDIO_CLOCK_POWER_SAVE_DISABLE;hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;hsd.Init.HardwareFlowControl = SDIO_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_ENABLE;hsd.Init.ClockDiv = 6;if (HAL_SD_Init(&hsd) != HAL_OK){//Error_Handler();}if (HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B) != HAL_OK){//Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 2 */}void HAL_SD_MspInit(SD_HandleTypeDef* sdHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if(sdHandle->Instance==SDIO){/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_MspInit 0 *//* SDIO clock enable */__HAL_RCC_SDIO_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();/**SDIO GPIO ConfigurationPC8     ------> SDIO_D0PC9     ------> SDIO_D1PC10     ------> SDIO_D2PC11     ------> SDIO_D3PC12     ------> SDIO_CKPD2     ------> SDIO_CMD*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_2;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOD, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* SDIO DMA Init *//* SDIO Init */hdma_sdio.Instance = DMA2_Channel4;hdma_sdio.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;hdma_sdio.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;hdma_sdio.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;hdma_sdio.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_WORD;hdma_sdio.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_WORD;hdma_sdio.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;hdma_sdio.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_sdio) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* Several peripheral DMA handle pointers point to the same DMA handle.Be aware that there is only one channel to perform all the requested DMAs. *//* Be sure to change transfer direction before callingHAL_SD_ReadBlocks_DMA or HAL_SD_WriteBlocks_DMA. */__HAL_LINKDMA(sdHandle,hdmarx,hdma_sdio);__HAL_LINKDMA(sdHandle,hdmatx,hdma_sdio);/* SDIO interrupt Init */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SDIO_IRQn, 0, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(SDIO_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_MspInit 1 */}
}void HAL_SD_MspDeInit(SD_HandleTypeDef* sdHandle)
{if(sdHandle->Instance==SDIO){/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_SDIO_CLK_DISABLE();/**SDIO GPIO ConfigurationPC8     ------> SDIO_D0PC9     ------> SDIO_D1PC10     ------> SDIO_D2PC11     ------> SDIO_D3PC12     ------> SDIO_CKPD2     ------> SDIO_CMD*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12);HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2);/* SDIO DMA DeInit */HAL_DMA_DeInit(sdHandle->hdmarx);HAL_DMA_DeInit(sdHandle->hdmatx);/* SDIO interrupt Deinit */HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(SDIO_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_MspDeInit 1 */}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 */

main.h文件

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "sdio.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_SDIO_SD_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
char data_UART1[]={"SD卡已插入"};
char data_UART2[]={"SD卡未插入，请插入SD卡"};/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){if(HAL_SD_Init(&hsd)==HAL_OK){//判断是否插入SD卡HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)data_UART1,11,50);}else{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)data_UART2,22,50);}HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

返回SD卡信息（实例2）

HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef sd_typeDef;//结构体内的意思

sd_typeDef.BlockNbr: 这个变量表示SD卡上的总块数。块是SD卡存储数据的基本单位，通常大小为512字节。
sd_typeDef.BlockSize: 这个变量表示SD卡上每个数据块的大小，以字节为单位。对于标准SD卡，块大小通常是512字节。

sd_typeDef.CardType: 这个变量表示SD卡的类型，例如标准SD卡、SDHC（高容量SD卡）或SDXC（扩展容量SD卡）。

                SD卡：标准SD卡                      0
SDHC卡：高容量SD卡                     1
SDXC卡：扩展容量SD卡                2

sd_typeDef.CardVersion: 这个变量表示SD卡的版本信息。
sd_typeDef.Class: 这个变量表示SD卡的类别，反映了卡的性能等级，例如_class_2, _class_4, class_6 或 class_10，这些等级定义了卡的最低写入速度。
sd_typeDef.LogBlockNbr: 这个变量表示用于日志的块数。在某些情况下，SD卡可能会使用逻辑块地址，这个变量就是用来存储逻辑块的数量。
sd_typeDef.LogBlockSize: 这个变量表示用于日志的块大小。与 BlockSize 类似，但它可能用于特定的日志记录或文件系统结构。
sd_typeDef.RelCardAdd: 这个变量表示SD卡的相对卡地址。在某些SD卡操作中，使用相对地址而不是绝对地址。

main.h文件

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "sdio.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_SDIO_SD_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
char data_UART1[]={"SD卡已插入"};
char data_UART2[]={"SD卡未插入，请插入SD卡"};/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){HAL_Delay(1000);if(HAL_SD_Init(&hsd)==HAL_OK){//判断是否插入SD卡//MX_SDIO_SD_Init();HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)data_UART1,11,50);char SD_Data [35];HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef sd_typeDef;if(HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&sd_typeDef)==HAL_OK){//获取SD卡信息sprintf(SD_Data,"卡的类型：%lu  快的数量 ：%lu",sd_typeDef.CardType,sd_typeDef.BlockNbr);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 ,(uint8_t*)SD_Data,30,50);}}else{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)data_UART2,22,50);}//HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

实现读写

开关在关闭（向下）位置时，SD卡可以读写；在打开（向上）位置时，SD卡处于写保护状态。

注意写入时也要时间

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "sdio.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_SDIO_SD_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
char data_UART1[]={"SD卡已插入"};
char data_UART2[]={"SD卡未插入，请插入SD卡"};
uint8_t buffer_1[512];
uint8_t buffer_2[512];
//数组赋值for(int i=0;i<512;i++){buffer_1[i]='l';}/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){HAL_Delay(1000);if(HAL_SD_Init(&hsd)==HAL_OK){//判断是否插入SD卡HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)data_UART1,11,50);char SD_Data [35];HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef sd_typeDef;if(HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&sd_typeDef)==HAL_OK){//获取SD卡信息sprintf(SD_Data,"卡的类型：%lu  快的数量 ：%lu",sd_typeDef.CardType,sd_typeDef.BlockNbr);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 ,(uint8_t*)SD_Data,30,50);}//读取数据DMA //1：指针 2：数据 3：地址 4：几块  if(HAL_SD_ReadBlocks(&hsd,buffer_2,77,1,10000)==HAL_OK){char SD_Data [10]={"读取成功"};HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 ,(uint8_t*)SD_Data,10,50);}else{char SD_Data [10]={"读取失败"};HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 ,(uint8_t*)SD_Data,10,50);}//写入数据阻塞if(HAL_SD_WriteBlocks_DMA(&hsd,buffer_1,77,1)==HAL_OK){char SD_Data [10]={"写入成功"};HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 ,(uint8_t*)SD_Data,10,50);}else{char SD_Data [10]={"写入失败"};HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 ,(uint8_t*)SD_Data,10,50);}//打印数据for(int i=0;i<512;i++){char a[3];sprintf(a,"%c",buffer_2[i]);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 ,(uint8_t*)a,1,50);}}else{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)data_UART2,22,50);}//HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */