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（1）RS232接收模块visio框图：

（2）接收模块Verilog代码编写:

/*
常见波特率： 4800、9600、14400、115200
在系统时钟为50MHz时，对应计数为：   
(1/4800)    * 10^9 /20 -1 = 10416     
(1/9600)    * 10^9 /20 -1 = 5207
(1/14400)   * 10^9 /20 -1 = 3471
(1/115200)  * 10^9 /20 -1 = 433 
*/module rs232_rx
(input [16:0]    baud_set    ,input           clk         ,input           reset_n     ,input           rx          ,input           rx_start    ,output reg[7:0] rx_data     ,output reg      rx_done     );reg [15:0]      BAUD_MCNT   ;reg             rx_reg0     ;reg             rx_reg1     ;reg             rx_reg2     ;reg             en_baud_cnt ;reg [15:0]      baud_cnt    ;reg [3:0]       bit_cnt     ;reg [7:0]       r_rx_data   ;wire            nedge       ;wire            w_rx_done   ;//波特最大计数设计always@(posedge clk)begincase(baud_set)17'd4800    :BAUD_MCNT <= 16'd10416;17'd9600    :BAUD_MCNT <= 16'd5207;17'd14400   :BAUD_MCNT <= 16'd3471;17'd115200  :BAUD_MCNT <= 16'd433;default     :BAUD_MCNT <= 16'd5207;      //当输入baud_set为其他值时，一律当成9600处理。endcaseend//输入信号打拍处理always@(posedge clk)beginrx_reg0 <= rx;rx_reg1 <= rx_reg0;end//下降沿设计always@(posedge clk)rx_reg2 <= rx_reg1;assign nedge = (rx_reg2) && (!rx_reg1);//波特率计数使能信号设计 always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)if(!reset_n)en_baud_cnt <= 1'd0;else if(!rx_start)en_baud_cnt <= 1'd0;else if(nedge)en_baud_cnt <= 1'd1;else if((bit_cnt == 4'd0) && (baud_cnt == BAUD_MCNT/2)&&(rx_reg2))      //防止起始位只是一个抖动en_baud_cnt <= 1'd0;else if((bit_cnt == 4'd9) && (baud_cnt == BAUD_MCNT/2))en_baud_cnt <= 1'd1;else    en_baud_cnt <= en_baud_cnt;//波特计数器模块设计always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)if(!reset_n)baud_cnt <= 16'd0;else if(!en_baud_cnt)baud_cnt <= 16'd0;else if(baud_cnt == BAUD_MCNT)baud_cnt <= 16'd0;else baud_cnt <= baud_cnt + 16'd1;//位计数器模块设计always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)if(!reset_n)bit_cnt <= 4'd0;else if((baud_cnt == BAUD_MCNT) &&(bit_cnt == 4'd9))bit_cnt <= 4'd0;else if(baud_cnt == BAUD_MCNT)bit_cnt <= bit_cnt + 4'd1;else bit_cnt <= bit_cnt;//rx_data设计always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)if(!reset_n)r_rx_data <= 8'd0;else if(baud_cnt == BAUD_MCNT/2)begincase(bit_cnt)4'd1: r_rx_data[0] <= rx_reg2;4'd2: r_rx_data[1] <= rx_reg2;4'd3: r_rx_data[2] <= rx_reg2;4'd4: r_rx_data[3] <= rx_reg2;4'd5: r_rx_data[4] <= rx_reg2;4'd6: r_rx_data[5] <= rx_reg2;4'd7: r_rx_data[6] <= rx_reg2;4'd8: r_rx_data[7] <= rx_reg2;default:r_rx_data <= r_rx_data;endcaseendelse r_rx_data <= r_rx_data;always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)if(!reset_n)rx_data <= 8'd0;else if(w_rx_done)rx_data <= r_rx_data;else    rx_data <= rx_data;//w_rx_done和rx_done信号设计assign w_rx_done = (bit_cnt == 4'd9) && (baud_cnt == BAUD_MCNT/2) ;always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)if(!reset_n)rx_done <= 1'd0;else rx_done <= w_rx_done;endmodule

（3）仿真文件代码：

`timescale 1ns / 1psmodule rs232_tx_tb;reg   [16:0]        baud_set    ;
reg                 clk         ;
reg                 reset_n     ;
reg                 rx          ;
reg                 rx_start    ;wire [7:0]          rx_data     ;
wire                rx_done     ;initial clk = 1'd1;always #10 clk = ~clk;initial begin baud_set <= 17'd9600;rx_start <= 1'd0;#200;rx_start <= 1'd1;reset_n <= 1'd0;rx      <= 1'd1;#15;reset_n <= 1'd1;@(posedge clk)set_bit(8'd1 );set_bit(8'd3 );set_bit(8'd7 );set_bit(8'd15);$stop;endrs232_rx    rs232_rx_inst
(.baud_set    ( baud_set )     ,.clk         ( clk      )     ,.reset_n     ( reset_n  )     ,.rx          ( rx       )     ,.rx_start    ( rx_start )     ,.rx_data     ( rx_data  )     ,.rx_done     ( rx_done  )     );task   set_bit(input [7:0]data
);integer i;for(i=0;i<10;i=i+1)begincase(i)0: rx <= 1'd0;1: rx <= data[0];2: rx <= data[1];3: rx <= data[2];4: rx <= data[3];5: rx <= data[4];6: rx <= data[5];7: rx <= data[6];8: rx <= data[7];9: rx <= 1'd1;endcase#(5208 * 20);        end
endtaskendmodule

（4）仿真波形：