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Spring Boot集成Spring Batch快速入门Demo

news 2026/2/8 14:33:36

1.什么是Spring Batch？

Spring Batch 是一个轻量级的开源框架，它提供了一种简单的方式来处理大量的数据。它基于Spring框架，提供了一套批处理框架，可以处理各种类型的批处理任务，如ETL、数据导入/导出、报表生成等。Spring Batch提供了一些重要的概念，如Job、Step、ItemReader、ItemProcessor、ItemWriter等，这些概念可以帮助我们构建可重用的批处理应用程序。通过Spring Batch，我们可以轻松地实现批处理的并发、容错、重试等功能，同时也可以方便地与其他Spring组件集成，如Spring Boot、Spring Data等。总之，Spring Batch是一个非常强大、灵活、易于使用的批处理框架，可以帮助我们快速构建高效、可靠的批处理应用程序。

分层架构

spring-batch-layers

可以看到它分为三层，分别是：

Application应用层：包含了所有任务batch jobs和开发人员自定义的代码，主要是根据项目需要开发的业务流程等。
Batch Core核心层：包含启动和管理任务的运行环境类，如JobLauncher等。
Batch Infrastructure基础层：上面两层是建立在基础层之上的，包含基础的读入reader和写出writer、重试框架等。

主要概念

spring-batch-reference-model

2.2.1 JobRepository

专门负责与数据库打交道，对整个批处理的新增、更新、执行进行记录。所以Spring Batch是需要依赖数据库来管理的。

2.2.2 任务启动器JobLauncher

负责启动任务Job。

2.2.3 任务Job

Job是封装整个批处理过程的单位，跑一个批处理任务，就是跑一个Job所定义的内容。

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上图介绍了Job的一些相关概念：

Job：封装处理实体，定义过程逻辑。
JobInstance：Job的运行实例，不同的实例，参数不同，所以定义好一个Job后可以通过不同参数运行多次。
JobParameters：与JobInstance相关联的参数。
JobExecution：代表Job的一次实际执行，可能成功、可能失败。

所以，开发人员要做的事情，就是定义Job。

2.2.4 步骤Step

Step是对Job某个过程的封装，一个Job可以包含一个或多个Step，一步步的Step按特定逻辑执行，才代表Job执行完成。

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通过定义Step来组装Job可以更灵活地实现复杂的业务逻辑。

2.2.5 输入——处理——输出

所以，定义一个Job关键是定义好一个或多个Step，然后把它们组装好即可。而定义Step有多种方法，但有一种常用的模型就是输入——处理——输出，即Item Reader、Item Processor和Item Writer。比如通过Item Reader从文件输入数据，然后通过Item Processor进行业务处理和数据转换，最后通过Item Writer写到数据库中去。 Spring Batch为我们提供了许多开箱即用的Reader和Writer，非常方便。

2.环境搭建

参照代码仓库mysql模块里面docker目录搭建

3.代码工程

实验目标

如何使用 Spring Boot 创建各种不同类型 Spring Batch Job

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>SpringBatch</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-batch</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

job

第一个简单的任务

package com.et.batch.job;import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Step;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.repeat.RepeatStatus;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class FirstJobDemo {@Autowiredprivate JobBuilderFactory jobBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate StepBuilderFactory stepBuilderFactory;@Beanpublic Job firstJob() {return jobBuilderFactory.get("firstJob").start(step()).build();}private Step step() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step").tasklet((contribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute  step....");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}
}

多步骤的job

package com.et.batch.job;import org.springframework.batch.core.ExitStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Step;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.repeat.RepeatStatus;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class MultiStepJobDemo {@Autowiredprivate JobBuilderFactory jobBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate StepBuilderFactory stepBuilderFactory;@Beanpublic Job multiStepJob() {/*return jobBuilderFactory.get("multiStepJob").start(step1()).next(step2()).next(step3()).build();*/// control the next step by last Statusreturn jobBuilderFactory.get("multiStepJob2").start(step1()).on(ExitStatus.COMPLETED.getExitCode()).to(step2()).from(step2()).on(ExitStatus.COMPLETED.getExitCode()).to(step3()).from(step3()).end().build();}private Step step1() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step1").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step1。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step2() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step2").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step2。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step3() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step3").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step3。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}
}

多flow控制的job，创建一个flow对象，包含若干个step

package com.et.batch.job;import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Step;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.job.builder.FlowBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.core.job.flow.Flow;
import org.springframework.batch.repeat.RepeatStatus;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class FlowJobDemo {@Autowiredprivate JobBuilderFactory jobBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate StepBuilderFactory stepBuilderFactory;@Beanpublic Job flowJob() {return jobBuilderFactory.get("flowJob").start(flow()).next(step3()).end().build();}private Step step1() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step1").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step1。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step2() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step2").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step2。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step3() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step3").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step3。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Flow flow() {return new FlowBuilder<Flow>("flow").start(step1()).next(step2()).build();}
}

并发执行的jobs

package com.et.batch.job;import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Step;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.job.builder.FlowBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.core.job.flow.Flow;
import org.springframework.batch.repeat.RepeatStatus;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class SplitJobDemo {@Autowiredprivate JobBuilderFactory jobBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate StepBuilderFactory stepBuilderFactory;@Beanpublic Job splitJob() {return jobBuilderFactory.get("splitJob").start(flow1()).split(new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor()).add(flow2()).end().build();}private Step step1() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step1").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step1。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step2() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step2").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step2。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step3() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step3").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step3。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Flow flow1() {return new FlowBuilder<Flow>("flow1").start(step1()).next(step2()).build();}private Flow flow2() {return new FlowBuilder<Flow>("flow2").start(step3()).build();}
}

根据上次运行结果判断是否执行下一步

package com.et.batch.job;import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Step;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.repeat.RepeatStatus;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class DeciderJobDemo {@Autowiredprivate JobBuilderFactory jobBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate StepBuilderFactory stepBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate MyDecider myDecider;@Beanpublic Job deciderJob() {return jobBuilderFactory.get("deciderJob").start(step1()).next(myDecider).from(myDecider).on("weekend").to(step2()).from(myDecider).on("workingDay").to(step3()).from(step3()).on("*").to(step4()).end().build();}private Step step1() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step1").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step1。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step2() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step2").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step2。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step3() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step3").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step3。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}private Step step4() {return stepBuilderFactory.get("step4").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("execute step4。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build();}
}

父子嵌套job

package com.et.batch.job;import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Step;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher;
import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.JobRepository;
import org.springframework.batch.core.step.builder.JobStepBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.core.step.builder.StepBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.repeat.RepeatStatus;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;@Component
public class NestedJobDemo {@Autowiredprivate JobBuilderFactory jobBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate StepBuilderFactory stepBuilderFactory;@Autowiredprivate JobLauncher jobLauncher;@Autowiredprivate JobRepository jobRepository;@Autowiredprivate PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManager;@Beanpublic Job parentJob() {return jobBuilderFactory.get("parentJob").start(childJobOneStep()).next(childJobTwoStep()).build();}private Step childJobOneStep() {return new JobStepBuilder(new StepBuilder("childJobOneStep")).job(childJobOne()).launcher(jobLauncher).repository(jobRepository).transactionManager(platformTransactionManager).build();}private Step childJobTwoStep() {return new JobStepBuilder(new StepBuilder("childJobTwoStep")).job(childJobTwo()).launcher(jobLauncher).repository(jobRepository).transactionManager(platformTransactionManager).build();}private Job childJobOne() {return jobBuilderFactory.get("childJobOne").start(stepBuilderFactory.get("childJobOneStep").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("subtask1。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build()).build();}private Job childJobTwo() {return jobBuilderFactory.get("childJobTwo").start(stepBuilderFactory.get("childJobTwoStep").tasklet((stepContribution, chunkContext) -> {System.out.println("subtask2。。。");return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;}).build()).build();}
}

application.yaml

自动会初始化脚本，只需要建立以恶搞空库就行

spring:datasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springbatchusername: rootpassword: 123456batch:jdbc:schema: classpath:org/springframework/batch/core/schema-mysql.sqlinitialize-schema: always #Since Spring Boot 2.5.0 use spring.batch.jdbc.initialize-schema=neverjob:enabled: true

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

GitHub - Harries/springboot-demo: a simple springboot demo with some components for example: redis,solr,rockmq and so on.

4.测试

启动Spring Boot应用程序，系统会自动运行job，跑过一次，下次启动不会继续执行
如果要执行定时任务，可以利用spring提供的scheduledTaskRegistrar注册一个定时任务，扫描最新的定时任务，将这些定时任务注册到scheduleFuture中从而实现动态定时任务。

5.引用

Batch Applications :: Spring Boot
Spring Boot集成Spring Batch快速入门Demo | Harries Blog™