Java版自动化测试之Selenium

1. 准备

编程语言：Java
JDK版本：17
Maven版本：3.6.1

2. 开始

声明：本次只测试Java的Selenium自动化功能
本次示例过程：打开谷歌游览器，进入目标网址，找到网页的输入框元素，输入指定内容，点击提交按钮，成功后关闭网页。

2.1. 目录结构和内容

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>3.3.2</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.fhh.selenium</groupId><artifactId>demo</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version><name>SeleniumDemo</name><description>Selenium demo</description><url/><licenses><license/></licenses><developers><developer/></developers><scm><connection/><developerConnection/><tag/><url/></scm><properties><java.version>17</java.version><selenium.version>4.23.1</selenium.version><webdrivermanager.version>5.9.2</webdrivermanager.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java --><dependency><groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId><artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId><version>${selenium.version}</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.github.bonigarcia/webdrivermanager --><!--            https://github.com/bonigarcia/webdrivermanager--><dependency><groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId><artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId><version>${webdrivermanager.version}</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><excludes><exclude><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></exclude></excludes></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

SimpleSelenium.java

/*** Copyright (C) 2024-2024, FHH. All rights reserved.*/
package com.fhh.selenium;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;import java.util.function.Consumer;/*** SimpleSelenium** @apiNote <a href="https://www.selenium.dev/zh-cn/documentation/overview/">文档详情</a>* @since 1.0.0*/
@AllArgsConstructor
public class SimpleSelenium {private final WebDriver driver;public SimpleSelenium openWeb() {driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");return this;}public SimpleSelenium getWebTitle(Consumer<? super String> action) {action.accept(driver.getTitle());return this;}public SimpleSelenium fillForm() {WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));// 设置textBox的值为“Test selenium”textBox.clear();textBox.sendKeys("Test selenium");return this;}public SimpleSelenium submit() {WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));submitButton.click();return this;}public SimpleSelenium getMessage(Consumer<? super String> action) {WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));action.accept(message.getText());return this;}public void quit() {driver.quit();}
}

UserAction.java

封装用户操作的示例

/*** Copyright (C) 2024-2024, FHH. All rights reserved.*/
package com.fhh.selenium;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;/*** 封装一些用户的必要动作** @since 1.0.0*/
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserAction {private final WebDriver driver;/*** 登录用户** @param username 用户名* @param password 密码* @return this*/public UserAction login(String username, String password) {WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));loginField.clear();loginField.sendKeys(username);// Fill out the password field. The locator we're using is "By.id", and we should// have it defined elsewhere in the class.WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("password"));passwordField.clear();passwordField.sendKeys(password);// Click the login button, which happens to have the id "submit".driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click();return this;}/*** 注销登录** @return this*/public UserAction logOut() {WebElement logOutButton = driver.findElement(By.id("log-out"));logOutButton.click();return this;}}

SimpleSeleniumTest.java

/*** Copyright (C) 2024-2024, FHH. All rights reserved.*/
package com.fhh.selenium;import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;import java.time.Duration;import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;class SimpleSeleniumTest {WebDriver driver;@BeforeEachpublic void setup() {driver = new ChromeDriver();}@Testpublic void simpleTest() {// 1. 打开网页driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");// 2. 获取网页标题，并断言为Web formString title = driver.getTitle();assertEquals("Web form", title);// 3. 找到网页上name属性为“my-text”的元素textBoxWebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));// 3.1 设置textBox的值为SeleniumtextBox.sendKeys("Test selenium");//        sleep(2000);// 4. 点击提交元素WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));submitButton.click();//        sleep(2000);// 5. 断言页面名称为“Web form - target page”assertEquals("Web form - target page", driver.getTitle());//        sleep(2000);// 6. 找到id为“message”的消息，断言为“Received!”WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));assertEquals("Received!", message.getText());}@Testpublic void simpleSeleniumTest() {new SimpleSelenium(driver).openWeb().getWebTitle(title -> assertEquals("Web form", title)).fillForm().submit().getWebTitle(title -> assertEquals("Web form - target page", title)).getMessage(message -> assertEquals("Received!", message)).quit();}@AfterEachpublic void teardown() {driver.quit();}public void sleep(long timeMillis) {try {Thread.sleep(timeMillis);} catch (InterruptedException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}
}

3. 效果

运行测试后，会先等待1~5秒（具体看机器性能），打开一个谷歌游览器，在输入网址，进入网页，并找到网页中的元素，输入内容后，点击提交按钮，网页会自动跳转到新的页面。结束

测试用例结果

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