Qt6开发自签名证书的https代理服务器

目标：制作一个具备类似Fiddler、Burpsuit、Wireshark的https协议代理抓包功能，但是集成到自己的app内，这样无需修改系统代理设置，使用QWebengineview通过自建的代理服务器，即可实现https包的实时监测、注入等自定义功能。

实现：

一、https代理服务器

1.使用QSslSocket类收发https包；使用多线程，提升代理服务器的性能。

ProxyClientThread.h

#ifndef PROXYCLIENTTHREAD_H
#define PROXYCLIENTTHREAD_H#include <QObject>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QNetworkProxy>
#include <QThread>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QSslSocket>
#include <QSslConfiguration>
#include <QFile>
#include <QSslKey>
#include <QByteArray>
#include <QtZlib/zlib.h>
#include <QRegularExpression>struct HTTPHDR{QString host;quint16 port;bool newReq;
};struct HTTPHDR2{quint8 CMD;QString CMDi;QString HOST;quint16 PORT;bool status;
};enum ClientConnectionState {InitialRequest,TlsHandshake,DataTransfer
};class ProxyClientThread : public QThread
{Q_OBJECTpublic:ProxyClientThread(qintptr  sockDesc, QObject *parent = 0);~ProxyClientThread();void run();QByteArray LastResquest;private:QSslSocket clientSocket;QSslSocket serverSocket;QSslConfiguration sslConfig;int m_client_state=0;bool m_serverSocketConnected=false;QByteArray cNewReqData;QByteArray clientSockData;QByteArray serverSockData;void processClient();HTTPHDR2 processHeader(QByteArray hdr);bool loadCertificateAndKey();//HTTPHDR getHostInfo(QByteArray httpHeaderPartial);int pid;bool targetFound=false;//是否找到要注入的目标bool istargetHeader=true;//是否头部bool finishInject=false;//已完成注入QString cachedStr="";//缓存的内容；private slots:void clientSockReadyRead();void serverSockConnected();void clientSockDisconnected();void serverSockDisconnected();void serverSockReadyRead();void clientTlsHandOk();void serverSockError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError errorMsg);void clientSockError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError errorMsg);signals:void complete();
};#endif // PROXYCLIENTTHREAD_H

ProxyClientThread.cpp部分代码

#include "proxyclientthread.h"//#define DEBUG 1
QString keyFile="9291.0d30ab5b.js";
QString keyStr="}else e=await V.ImSdk.sendMessage({text:r,textExtra:a,referenceMessage:eQ";
QString injectStr=",window.MySendMsg=e";
ProxyClientThread::ProxyClientThread(qintptr sockDesc, QObject *parent) : QThread(parent)
{this->pid = sockDesc;//服务端连接connect (&this->serverSocket,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(serverSockDisconnected()));connect (&this->serverSocket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(serverSockReadyRead()));connect (&this->serverSocket,SIGNAL(errorOccurred(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)),this,SLOT(serverSockError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));connect (&this->serverSocket,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(serverSockConnected()));this->serverSocket.setProxy(QNetworkProxy::NoProxy);//客户端m_client_state=InitialRequest;//客户端状态为初始化状态this->clientSocket.setSocketDescriptor(sockDesc);connect(&this->clientSocket, SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(clientSockDisconnected()));connect(&this->clientSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(clientSockReadyRead()),Qt::DirectConnection);connect(&this->clientSocket, SIGNAL(encrypted()), this, SLOT(clientTlsHandOk()));connect(&this->clientSocket, SIGNAL(errorOccurred(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)), this, SLOT(clientSockError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));
}void ProxyClientThread::clientSockReadyRead()
{this->processClient();return;
}
void ProxyClientThread::processClient()
{HTTPHDR2 pHead;//recieved incoming client packetthis->clientSockData.clear();this->clientSockData = this->clientSocket.readAll();#ifdef DEBUGqDebug()<<this->pid<<"**收到客户端数据"<<this->clientSockData;#endif//查找匹配文件请求QString reqStr=QString(clientSockData);if(reqStr.contains("GET") and reqStr.contains(keyFile)){targetFound=true;qDebug()<<"找到要注入的文件--------------"<<reqStr;//修改请求头，不压缩reqStr.replace("Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br","Accept-Encoding: identity");clientSockData=reqStr.toLocal8Bit();}if (this->serverSocket.state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState){#ifdef DEBUGqDebug() <<this->pid<<": 4.2.向服务器发送请求:";//<<this->clientSockData;#endifserverSocket.write(clientSockData);return;}//处理 headerpHead = this->processHeader(clientSockData.mid(0,100));if (!pHead.status){this->LastResquest = this->clientSockData;return;}//process SSL/TLS Connection;if (pHead.CMD == 3){    //CONNECT类型if (serverSocket.state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState){#ifdef DEBUGqDebug() <<this->pid<<": 1.收到客户发起CONNECT连接" << pHead.CMD << pHead.HOST << pHead.PORT;#endifm_client_state=TlsHandshake;//握手状态serverSocket.connectToHostEncrypted(pHead.HOST, pHead.PORT);return;}}if (serverSocket.state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState){#ifdef DEBUGqDebug()<<"***连接服务器";#endifLastResquest=clientSockData;serverSocket.connectToHostEncrypted(pHead.HOST,pHead.PORT);return;}return;
}void ProxyClientThread::clientTlsHandOk(){//clientSockData = clientSocket.readAll();//读取客户端请求#ifdef DEBUGqDebug()<<this->pid<<": 4.<-- 已经和客户端ssl握手成功:"<<LastResquest;#endifserverSocket.write(LastResquest);}...}/** 加载自签名证书
*/
bool ProxyClientThread::loadCertificateAndKey() {QFile certFile(":/certs/server.crt");if (!certFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {qWarning() << "Certificate file not found!";return false;}QSslCertificate cert(&certFile);QFile keyFile(":/certs/server.key");if (!keyFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {qWarning() << "Private key file not found!";return false;}QSslKey key(&keyFile, QSsl::Rsa);sslConfig.setLocalCertificate(cert);sslConfig.setPrivateKey(key);sslConfig.setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1_2);return true;
}

3.proxyserver.h

#ifndef PROXYSERVER_H
#define PROXYSERVER_H#include <QObject>
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QTcpServer>
//#include <proxyclient.h>
#include <proxyclientthread.h>class proxyServer : public QTcpServer {Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit proxyServer(QObject* parent = nullptr) : QTcpServer(parent) {}protected:void incomingConnection(qintptr socketDescriptor) override {// 创建子线程并传递 socket 描述符ProxyClientThread* workerThread = new ProxyClientThread(socketDescriptor, this);// 启动子线程workerThread->run();}
};#endif // PROXYSERVER_H

代码的逻辑其实不难，按照代理服务器的连接过程补全相关代码就可以了。

二、QWebengineView部分

使用代理服务连接，该设置仅在app内有效，不影响其他应用。

设置QWebengineView的page忽略证书错误（因为是自签名证书），不处理的话无法访问https页面。

// 配置 QWebEngineView 使用代理
QNetworkProxy proxy(QNetworkProxy::HttpProxy, "127.0.0.1", 8787);
QNetworkProxy::setApplicationProxy(proxy);//忽略证书错误
connect(webPage,SIGNAL(certificateError(QWebEngineCertificateError)),this,SLOT(on_certerror(QWebEngineCertificateError)));void xxxx::on_certerror(QWebEngineCertificateError certerror){auto mutableError = const_cast<QWebEngineCertificateError&>(certerror);mutableError.acceptCertificate();qDebug()<<"忽略证书错误。";if(certerror.type()==QWebEngineCertificateError::CertificateAuthorityInvalid){auto error=const_cast<QWebEngineCertificateError&>(certerror);qDebug()<<"忽略证书错误。";error.acceptCertificate();}
}

经过验证，这个方案可行，可以在代理服务器端修改客户端发起的请求，也可以修改服务器端返回的任何数据（已解密过的）后再返回给客户端，但是前提是要做好对应的处理工作，比如Content-length记得要修改。