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目录

1、pom.xml文件配置说明

2、SpringBoot项目结构说明

3、入门案例关键配置说明

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🌈 前面我们学习了SpringBoot快速入门案例，本节我们通过POM文件和项目结构分析两部分内容了解下关于SpringBoot的一些配置说明，以便全面了解SpringBoot项目结构组成及依赖技术栈。

1、pom.xml文件配置说明

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><!--引入SpringBoot Parent依赖--><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.7.7</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><!--当前项目的GAV坐标--><groupId>com.xintu.demo</groupId><artifactId>springboot</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><!--maven项目名称，可以删除--><name>SpringBootCase</name><!--maven项目描述，可以删除--><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><!--maven属性配置，可以在其它地方通过${}方式进行引用--><properties><java.version>11</java.version></properties><dependencies><!--SpringBoot框架web项目起步依赖，通过该依赖自动关联其它依赖，不需要我们一个一个去添加了--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!--SpringBoot框架的测试起步依赖，例如：junit测试，如果不需要的话可以删除--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><!--SpringBoot提供的打包编译等插件--><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

2、SpringBoot项目结构说明

 

 1) mvnw|mvnw.cmd文件

     这两个脚本分别对应的是linux和windows环境，可执行maven相关的命令，通常使用比较少。

2) gitignore文件

     使用版本控制工具git的时候，设置一些忽略提交的内容。这样可以避免很多无效文件提交到远程仓库。如：class文件、.idea文件内容等。

3）static|templates文件夹

      涉及到页面或模板技术都会存放该目录下，比如html页面、JS脚本、CSS样式，以及Thymeleaf等。

4）application.properties(默认生成) | application.yml（手动添加）

       SpringBoot的配置文件，很多集成的配置都可以在该文件中进行配置。例如：服务端口号、应用名称、数据库(Redis、ES、MySQL)连接信息、MyBatis配置、Rabbit MQ等。

5）SpringbootApplication.java

     该类是SpringBoot程序执行的入口，执行该程序中的main方法，SpringBoot就启动了。

3、入门案例关键配置说明

1）Spring Boot的父级依赖spring-boot-starter-parent配置之后，当前的项目就是Spring Boot项目。

<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.7.7</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

2）spring-boot-starter-parent是一个Springboot的父级依赖，开发SpringBoot程序都需要继承该父级项目，它用来提供相关的Maven默认依赖，使用它之后，常用的jar包依赖可以省去version配置。

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><!--省略版本号-->
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope><!--省略版本号-->
</dependency>

3）Spring Boot提供了哪些默认jar包的依赖，可查看该父级依赖的pom文件。大约有200多个依赖包，从中我们可以了解SpringBoot融合了哪些技术栈，便于我们全面了解SpringBoot这门技术。

<!--整体了解SpringBoot所使用的技术栈-->
<properties><activemq.version>5.16.5</activemq.version><antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version><appengine-sdk.version>1.9.98</appengine-sdk.version><artemis.version>2.19.1</artemis.version><aspectj.version>1.9.7</aspectj.version><assertj.version>3.22.0</assertj.version><atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version><awaitility.version>4.2.0</awaitility.version><build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.3.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version><byte-buddy.version>1.12.20</byte-buddy.version><cache2k.version>2.6.1.Final</cache2k.version><caffeine.version>2.9.3</caffeine.version><cassandra-driver.version>4.14.1</cassandra-driver.version><classmate.version>1.5.1</classmate.version><commons-codec.version>1.15</commons-codec.version><commons-dbcp2.version>2.9.0</commons-dbcp2.version><commons-lang3.version>3.12.0</commons-lang3.version><commons-pool.version>1.6</commons-pool.version><commons-pool2.version>2.11.1</commons-pool2.version><couchbase-client.version>3.3.4</couchbase-client.version><db2-jdbc.version>11.5.7.0</db2-jdbc.version><dependency-management-plugin.version>1.0.15.RELEASE</dependency-management-plugin.version><derby.version>10.14.2.0</derby.version><dropwizard-metrics.version>4.2.14</dropwizard-metrics.version><ehcache.version>2.10.9.2</ehcache.version><ehcache3.version>3.10.8</ehcache3.version><elasticsearch.version>7.17.8</elasticsearch.version><embedded-mongo.version>3.4.11</embedded-mongo.version><flyway.version>8.5.13</flyway.version><freemarker.version>2.3.31</freemarker.version><git-commit-id-plugin.version>4.9.10</git-commit-id-plugin.version><glassfish-el.version>3.0.4</glassfish-el.version><glassfish-jaxb.version>2.3.7</glassfish-jaxb.version><glassfish-jstl.version>1.2.6</glassfish-jstl.version><graphql-java.version>18.3</graphql-java.version><groovy.version>3.0.13</groovy.version><gson.version>2.9.1</gson.version><h2.version>2.1.214</h2.version><hamcrest.version>2.2</hamcrest.version><hazelcast.version>5.1.5</hazelcast.version><hazelcast-hibernate5.version>2.2.1</hazelcast-hibernate5.version><hibernate.version>5.6.14.Final</hibernate.version><hibernate-validator.version>6.2.5.Final</hibernate-validator.version><hikaricp.version>4.0.3</hikaricp.version><hsqldb.version>2.5.2</hsqldb.version><htmlunit.version>2.60.0</htmlunit.version><httpasyncclient.version>4.1.5</httpasyncclient.version><httpclient.version>4.5.14</httpclient.version><httpclient5.version>5.1.4</httpclient5.version><httpcore.version>4.4.16</httpcore.version><httpcore5.version>5.1.5</httpcore5.version><infinispan.version>13.0.14.Final</infinispan.version><influxdb-java.version>2.22</influxdb-java.version><jackson-bom.version>2.13.4.20221013</jackson-bom.version><jakarta-activation.version>1.2.2</jakarta-activation.version><jakarta-annotation.version>1.3.5</jakarta-annotation.version><jakarta-jms.version>2.0.3</jakarta-jms.version><jakarta-json.version>1.1.6</jakarta-json.version><jakarta-json-bind.version>1.0.2</jakarta-json-bind.version><jakarta-mail.version>1.6.7</jakarta-mail.version><jakarta-management.version>1.1.4</jakarta-management.version><jakarta-persistence.version>2.2.3</jakarta-persistence.version><jakarta-servlet.version>4.0.4</jakarta-servlet.version><jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>1.2.7</jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version><jakarta-transaction.version>1.3.3</jakarta-transaction.version><jakarta-validation.version>2.0.2</jakarta-validation.version><jakarta-websocket.version>1.1.2</jakarta-websocket.version><jakarta-ws-rs.version>2.1.6</jakarta-ws-rs.version><jakarta-xml-bind.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-bind.version><jakarta-xml-soap.version>1.4.2</jakarta-xml-soap.version><jakarta-xml-ws.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-ws.version><janino.version>3.1.9</janino.version><javax-activation.version>1.2.0</javax-activation.version><javax-annotation.version>1.3.2</javax-annotation.version><javax-cache.version>1.1.1</javax-cache.version><javax-jaxb.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxb.version><javax-jaxws.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxws.version><javax-jms.version>2.0.1</javax-jms.version><javax-json.version>1.1.4</javax-json.version><javax-jsonb.version>1.0</javax-jsonb.version><javax-mail.version>1.6.2</javax-mail.version><javax-money.version>1.1</javax-money.version><javax-persistence.version>2.2</javax-persistence.version><javax-transaction.version>1.3</javax-transaction.version><javax-validation.version>2.0.1.Final</javax-validation.version><javax-websocket.version>1.1</javax-websocket.version><jaxen.version>1.2.0</jaxen.version><jaybird.version>4.0.8.java8</jaybird.version><jboss-logging.version>3.4.3.Final</jboss-logging.version><jdom2.version>2.0.6.1</jdom2.version><jedis.version>3.8.0</jedis.version><jersey.version>2.35</jersey.version><jetty-el.version>9.0.52</jetty-el.version><jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version><jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>1.1.13</jetty-reactive-httpclient.version><jetty.version>9.4.50.v20221201</jetty.version><jmustache.version>1.15</jmustache.version><johnzon.version>1.2.19</johnzon.version><jolokia.version>1.7.1</jolokia.version><jooq.version>3.14.16</jooq.version><json-path.version>2.7.0</json-path.version><json-smart.version>2.4.8</json-smart.version><jsonassert.version>1.5.1</jsonassert.version><jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version><jtds.version>1.3.1</jtds.version><junit.version>4.13.2</junit.version><junit-jupiter.version>5.8.2</junit-jupiter.version><kafka.version>3.1.2</kafka.version><kotlin.version>1.6.21</kotlin.version><kotlin-coroutines.version>1.6.4</kotlin-coroutines.version><lettuce.version>6.1.10.RELEASE</lettuce.version><liquibase.version>4.9.1</liquibase.version><log4j2.version>2.17.2</log4j2.version><logback.version>1.2.11</logback.version><lombok.version>1.18.24</lombok.version><mariadb.version>3.0.9</mariadb.version><maven-antrun-plugin.version>3.0.0</maven-antrun-plugin.version><maven-assembly-plugin.version>3.3.0</maven-assembly-plugin.version><maven-clean-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-clean-plugin.version><maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.10.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version><maven-dependency-plugin.version>3.3.0</maven-dependency-plugin.version><maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version><maven-enforcer-plugin.version>3.0.0</maven-enforcer-plugin.version><maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-failsafe-plugin.version><maven-help-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-help-plugin.version><maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2</maven-install-plugin.version><maven-invoker-plugin.version>3.2.2</maven-invoker-plugin.version><maven-jar-plugin.version>3.2.2</maven-jar-plugin.version><maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.4.1</maven-javadoc-plugin.version><maven-resources-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-resources-plugin.version><maven-shade-plugin.version>3.3.0</maven-shade-plugin.version><maven-source-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-source-plugin.version><maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version><maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version><micrometer.version>1.9.6</micrometer.version><mockito.version>4.5.1</mockito.version><mongodb.version>4.6.1</mongodb.version><mssql-jdbc.version>10.2.2.jre8</mssql-jdbc.version><mysql.version>8.0.31</mysql.version><nekohtml.version>1.9.22</nekohtml.version><neo4j-java-driver.version>4.4.11</neo4j-java-driver.version><netty.version>4.1.86.Final</netty.version><okhttp.version>4.9.3</okhttp.version><oracle-database.version>21.5.0.0</oracle-database.version><pooled-jms.version>1.2.4</pooled-jms.version><postgresql.version>42.3.8</postgresql.version><prometheus-client.version>0.15.0</prometheus-client.version><quartz.version>2.3.2</quartz.version><querydsl.version>5.0.0</querydsl.version><r2dbc-bom.version>Borca-SR2</r2dbc-bom.version><rabbit-amqp-client.version>5.14.2</rabbit-amqp-client.version><rabbit-stream-client.version>0.5.0</rabbit-stream-client.version><reactive-streams.version>1.0.4</reactive-streams.version><reactor-bom.version>2020.0.26</reactor-bom.version><rest-assured.version>4.5.1</rest-assured.version><rsocket.version>1.1.3</rsocket.version><rxjava.version>1.3.8</rxjava.version><rxjava-adapter.version>1.2.1</rxjava-adapter.version><rxjava2.version>2.2.21</rxjava2.version><saaj-impl.version>1.5.3</saaj-impl.version><selenium.version>4.1.4</selenium.version><selenium-htmlunit.version>3.61.0</selenium-htmlunit.version><sendgrid.version>4.9.3</sendgrid.version><servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version><slf4j.version>1.7.36</slf4j.version><snakeyaml.version>1.30</snakeyaml.version><solr.version>8.11.2</solr.version><spring-amqp.version>2.4.8</spring-amqp.version><spring-batch.version>4.3.7</spring-batch.version><spring-data-bom.version>2021.2.6</spring-data-bom.version><spring-framework.version>5.3.24</spring-framework.version><spring-graphql.version>1.0.3</spring-graphql.version><spring-hateoas.version>1.5.2</spring-hateoas.version><spring-integration.version>5.5.16</spring-integration.version><spring-kafka.version>2.8.11</spring-kafka.version><spring-ldap.version>2.4.1</spring-ldap.version><spring-restdocs.version>2.0.7.RELEASE</spring-restdocs.version><spring-retry.version>1.3.4</spring-retry.version><spring-security.version>5.7.6</spring-security.version><spring-session-bom.version>2021.2.0</spring-session-bom.version><spring-ws.version>3.1.4</spring-ws.version><sqlite-jdbc.version>3.36.0.3</sqlite-jdbc.version><sun-mail.version>1.6.7</sun-mail.version><thymeleaf.version>3.0.15.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version><thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>2.0.1</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version><thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version><thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version><thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>3.0.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version><tomcat.version>9.0.70</tomcat.version><unboundid-ldapsdk.version>6.0.7</unboundid-ldapsdk.version><undertow.version>2.2.22.Final</undertow.version><versions-maven-plugin.version>2.10.0</versions-maven-plugin.version><webjars-locator-core.version>0.50</webjars-locator-core.version><wsdl4j.version>1.6.3</wsdl4j.version><xml-maven-plugin.version>1.0.2</xml-maven-plugin.version><xmlunit2.version>2.9.0</xmlunit2.version></properties>

4）如果在项目中，不想使用某个默认依赖版本，可通过修改pom.xml文件的单独依赖配置覆盖即可，比如需要用Spring版本3.x 覆盖2.x。

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><version>3.x版本号</version>
</dependency>

5）@SpringBootApplication注解属于Spring Boot项目的最核心注解，主要作用开启Spring自动配置。如果在启动类上去掉该注解，那么就不会启动SpringBoot程序。

package com.xintu.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootApplication {//...
}

6）main方法是一个标准的Java程序的main方法，主要作用是作为项目启动运行的入口。

package com.xintu.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);}//...
}

7）@RestController 依然是我们之前的Spring MVC，这个注解类内部包含了@Controller 和 @ResponseBody注解，简化了原来Spring的配置方式。

package com.xintu.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);}@GetMapping("/hello")public String hello(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "World") String name) {return String.format("欢迎 %s 来到<a href=\"http://www.35xintu.com\">35新途</a>！", name);}}

我们看下@RestController源码，

package org.springframework.web.bind.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Controller //原Spring配置
@ResponseBody //原Spring配置
public @interface RestController {@AliasFor(annotation = Controller.class)String value() default "";
}

其内部引入了@Controller 和 @ResponseBody这两个注解。

下一篇将详细介绍关于SpringBoot核心配置，便于我们进一步深入了解Springboot可管理的配置化能力。