H3C防火墙单机旁路部署(网关在防火墙)

防火墙旁路部署在核心交换机上，内网有三个网段vlan 10：172.16.10.1/24、vlan 20：172.16.20.1/24、vlan30：172.16.30.1。要求内网网关在防火墙设备上，由防火墙作为DHCP服务器给终端下发地址，同时由防火墙来控制禁止vlan10访问vlan 20，禁止vlan20访问vlan30，其他不做限制。

配置思路：

1、 接入交换机根据业务需求，将不同的接口划入指定vlan

2、 接入交换机和核心交换机互联接口配置成trunk模式，放行三个业务vlan

3、 核心交换机与防火墙互联的链路1(G1/0/3)的接口配置成trunk模式，放行三个业务vlan，内网流量通过这跟线路进入防火墙

4、 核心交换机与防火墙互联的链路2(G1/0/2)，交换机侧接口工作在access模式，划入vlan5。防火墙侧接口工作在三层模式，链路2三层互联，防火墙处理完的流量经过这跟链路回到核心交换机

5、 核心交换机与出口路由器配置互联地址，核心交换机写默认路由指向出口路由器，出口路由器针对内网网段写回程路由指向核心交换机,核心交换机写回程路由指向防火墙

6、 防火墙配置DHCP及安全策略

配置步骤
1、 配置接入交换机Access

sys

#创建业务vlan

[Access]vlan 10

[Access-vlan10]quit

[Access]vlan 20

[Access-vlan20]quit

[Access]vlan 30

[Access-vlan30]quit

[Access]

#根据业务需要将不同的终端接口划分到不同的vlan

[Access]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/5

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/5]port access vlan 10

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/5]quit

[Access]

[Access]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/6

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/6]port access vlan 20

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/6]quit

[Access]

[Access]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/7

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/7]port access vlan 30

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/7]quit

[Access]

#将接入交换机上行口配置成trunk模式，允许vlan10、20、30通过，禁止vlan1通行

[Access]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/4

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]port link-type trunk

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]port trunk permit vlan 10 20 30

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]undo port trunk permit vlan 1

[Access-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]qu

#保存配置

[Access] save force

2、 配置核心交换机Core

system-view

#创建业务vlan

[Core]vlan 10

[Core-vlan10]quit

[Core]vlan 20

[Core-vlan20]quit

[Core]vlan 30

[Core-vlan30]quit

[Core]vlan 5

[Core-vlan5]quit

[Core]vlan 6

[Core-vlan6]quit

[Core]

#配置连接接入交换机下行口为trunk模式，允许vlan10、20、30通过，禁止vlan1通行

[Core]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/4

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]port link-type trunk

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]port trunk permit vlan 10 20 30

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]undo port trunk permit vlan 1

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]qu

[Core]

#配置连接防火墙的接口(链路1)为trunk模式，允许vlan10、20、30通过，禁止vlan1通行

[Core]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/3

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]port link-type trunk

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]port trunk permit vlan 10 20 30

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]undo port trunk permit vlan 1

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]quit

[Core]

#配置连接防火墙的接口(链路2)属于vlan5

[Core]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/2

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]port access vlan 5

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit

[Core]

#配置连接上行路由器的接口属于vlan6

[Core]inter g1/0/1

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port access vlan 6

[Core-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit

[Core]

#配置交换机和防火墙的互联地址10.0.23.2/24

[Core]inter vlan 5

[Core-Vlan-interface5]ip address 10.0.23.2 24

[Core-Vlan-interface5]qu

[Core]

#配置交换机和路由器的互联地址10.0.12.2/24

[Core]inter vlan 6

[Core-Vlan-interface6]ip address 10.0.12.2 24

[Core-Vlan-interface6]quit

[Core]

#配置默认路由指向出口路由器

[Core]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.12.1

#配置内网网段回程路由指向防火墙

[Core]ip route-static 172.16.10.0 24 10.0.23.3

[Core]ip route-static 172.16.20.0 24 10.0.23.3

[Core]ip route-static 172.16.30.0 24 10.0.23.3

#保存配置

[Core] save force

3、 配置防火墙，默认登陆用户名和密码均为admin

Login: admin

Password: admin

sys

[H3C]sysname FW

#创建业务vlan

[FW]vlan 10

[FW-vlan10]quit

[FW]vlan 20

[FW-vlan20]quit

[FW]vlan 30

[FW-vlan30]quit

[FW]

#配置连接交换机的接口(链路1)为trunk模式，允许vlan10、20、30通过，禁止vlan1通行

[FW]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/3

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]port link-mode bridge

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]port link-type trunk

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]port trunk permit vlan 10 20 30

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]undo port trunk permit vlan 1

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]quit

[FW]

#配置连接交换机的接口(链路2)互联地址10.0.23.3/24

[FW]inter GigabitEthernet 1/0/2

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]ip address 10.0.23.3 24

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit

[FW]

#创建业务vlan的网关接口

[FW]inter vlan 10

[FW-Vlan-interface10]ip address 172.16.10.1 24

[FW-Vlan-interface10]quit

[FW]

[FW]inter vlan 20

[FW-Vlan-interface20]ip address 172.16.20.1 24

[FW-Vlan-interface20]quit

[FW]

[FW]inter vlan 30

[FW-Vlan-interface30]ip address 172.16.30.1 24

[FW-Vlan-interface30]quit

[FW]

#创建业务vlan的dhcp地址池

[FW]dhcp server ip-pool vlan10

#配置地址池分配地址的网段

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan10]network 172.16.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0

#配置地址池分配的网关地址

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan10]gateway-list 172.16.10.1

#配置地址池分配的DNS地址

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan10]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan10]quit

[FW]

[FW]dhcp server ip-pool vlan20

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan20]network 172.16.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan20]gateway-list 172.16.20.1

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan20]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan20]quit

[FW]

[FW]dhcp server ip-pool vlan30

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan30]network 172.16.30.0 mask 255.255.255.0

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan30]gateway-list 172.16.30.1

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan30]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8

[FW-dhcp-pool-vlan30]quit

[FW]

#全局开启dhcp server功能

[FW]dhcp enable

[FW]

#配置默认路由指向核心交换机

[FW]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.23.2

[FW]

#将连接核心交换机的接口g1/0/3(内网流量进防火墙的接口)和网关接口加入trust安全域

[FW]security-zone name Trust

#二层口加安全域的时候，需要额外配置该接口允许通过的vlan

[FW-security-zone-Trust]import interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 vlan 10 20 30

[FW-security-zone-Trust]import interface Vlan-interface 10

[FW-security-zone-Trust]import interface Vlan-interface 20

[FW-security-zone-Trust]import interface Vlan-interface 30

[FW-security-zone-Trust]quit

[FW]

#配置将流量出防火墙的接口g1/0/2加入untrust安全域

[FW]security-zone name Untrust

[FW-security-zone-Untrust]import interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2

[FW-security-zone-Untrust]quit

[FW]

#配置安全策略，安全策略按照dis cu conf security-policy-ip看到的顺序从上往下匹配

[FW]security-policy ip

#配置rule 1名称为toInternet，允许内网所有网段可以通过防火墙访问到路由器及上层网络。此时流量从g1/0/3(trust)进入设备，从g1/0/2(trust)出设备，所以需要放行trust到untrust源地址为172.16.10.0/24、172.16.20.0/24和172.16.30.0/24的流量

[FW-security-policy-ip]rule 1 name toInternet

[FW-security-policy-ip-1-toInternet]source-zone trust

[FW-security-policy-ip-1-toInternet]destination-zone untrust

[FW-security-policy-ip-1-toInternet]source-ip-subnet 172.16.10.1 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-1-toInternet]source-ip-subnet 172.16.20.1 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-1-toInternet]source-ip-subnet 172.16.30.1 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-1-toInternet]action pass

[FW-security-policy-ip-1-toInternet]quit

[FW-security-policy-ip]

#配置rule 2名称为dhcpserver，放行所有dhcp相关的流量，保证可以正常分配地址

[FW-security-policy-ip]rule 2 name dhcpserver

[FW-security-policy-ip-2-dhcpserver]service dhcp-client

[FW-security-policy-ip-2-dhcpserver]service dhcp-server

[FW-security-policy-ip-2-dhcpserver]action pass

[FW-security-policy-ip-2-dhcpserver]quit

[FW-security-policy-ip]

#配置rule 5名称为denyvlan10tovlan20，禁止vlan10访问vlan20。此时流量从g1/0/3(trust)进入设备，从1/0/3(trust)出设备，所以策略的匹配条件是trust到trust，源地址为172.16.10.0/24，目的地址为172.16.20.0/24，不配置规则动作为action pass，默认就是拒绝

[FW-security-policy-ip]rule 5 name denyvlan10tovlan20

[FW-security-policy-ip-5-denyvlan10tovlan20]source-zone trust

[FW-security-policy-ip-5-denyvlan10tovlan20]destination-zone trust

[FW-security-policy-ip-5-denyvlan10tovlan20]source-ip-subnet 172.16.10.0 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-5-denyvlan10tovlan20]destination-ip-subnet 172.16.20.0 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-5-denyvlan10tovlan20]quit

[FW-security-policy-ip]

#配置rule 10名称为denyvlan20tovlan30，禁止vlan20访问vlan30，原理同rule 5。

[FW-security-policy-ip]rule 10 name denyvlan20tovlan30

[FW-security-policy-ip-10-denyvlan20tovlan30]source-zone trust

[FW-security-policy-ip-10-denyvlan20tovlan30]destination-zone trust

[FW-security-policy-ip-10-denyvlan20tovlan30]source-ip-subnet 172.16.20.0 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-10-denyvlan20tovlan30]destination-ip-subnet 172.16.30.0 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-10-denyvlan20tovlan30]qu

.[FW-security-policy-ip]

#配置rule 15名称为permitother，允许内网其他vlan间互访，原理同rule 5。

[FW-security-policy-ip]rule 15 name permitother

[FW-security-policy-ip-15-permitother]source-zone trust

[FW-security-policy-ip-15-permitother]destination-zone trust

[FW-security-policy-ip-15-permitother]source-ip-subnet 172.16.10.0 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-15-permitother]source-ip-subnet 172.16.20.0 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-15-permitother]source-ip-subnet 172.16.30.0 24

[FW-security-policy-ip-15-permitother]action pass

[FW-security-policy-ip-15-permitother]qu

[FW-security-policy-ip]quit

[FW]

#保存配置

[FW] save force

4、 配置出口路由器

sys

[H3C]sysname Router

#配置路由器下行口为10.0.12.1/24

[Router]inter GigabitEthernet 0/1

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/1]ip address 10.0.12.1 24

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/1]quit

[Router]

#给内网三个网段写回程路由指向核心交换机

[Router]ip route-static 172.16.10.0 24 10.0.12.2

[Router]ip route-static 172.16.20.0 24 10.0.12.2

[Router]ip route-static 172.16.30.0 24 10.0.12.2

#保存配置

[Router] save force

一、结果验证

1、 三台pc均可ping通出口路由器

配置关键点
1、安全策略按照dis cu conf security-policy-ip看到的顺序从上往下匹配

2、配置安全策略前，先想一下流量走向，即流量从哪个接口进，又从哪个接口出，这样就可以根据接口确定源/目安全域了