【状态未成功】CONFIG_CFI_CLANG失败过程记录

实现并没有成功，只是记录过程，使用4.9内核尝试开启过程

关于

控制流完整性 (CFI) 是一种安全机制，它不允许更改已编译二进制文件的原始控制流图，因而执行此类攻击变得异常困难。
在 Android 9 中，我们在更多组件以及内核中启用了 LLVM 的 CFI 实现。系统 CFI 默认处于启用状态，但内核 CFI 需要您手动启用。
LLVM 的 CFI 需要使用链接时优化 (LTO) 进行编译。LTO 会一直保留对象文件的 LLVM 位码表示法直至链接时，以便编译器更好地推断可以执行哪些优化。启用 LTO 可缩减最终二进制文件的大小并提高性能，但会增加编译时间。在 Android 上进行测试时，结合使用 LTO 和 CFI 对代码大小和性能开销的影响微乎其微；在少数情况下，这两者都会有所改善。
如需了解有关 CFI 以及如何处理其他前向控制检查的更多技术详情，请参阅 LLVM 设计文档。

实现

Android 通用内核 4.9 和 4.14 版本中提供对内核 CFI 的支持。如果您的内核基于 4.9 或 4.14 版本且使用 Clang 进行构建，那么您可以启用它。如需启用 kCFI，您需要复制相关补丁程序并更新内核配置文件。

复制 kCFI 补丁程序

将以下更改添加到您的内核：

启用 kCFI

复制相关更改后，您需要在内核配置文件中启用 kCFI，例如 /kernel/PROJECT/+/BRANCH/arch/arm64/configs/PROJECT_defconfig。

如需启用 kCFI，请添加以下行：

CONFIG_LTO_CLANG=y

CONFIG_CFI_CLANG=y

如需协助调试 CFI 故障，请启用 CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE，它会输出警告(而不会导致内核崩溃)。切勿在正式版中使用宽容模式。

追踪

CONFIG_CFI_CLANG 配置在 kernel-4.9/arch/Kconfig ，CFI_CLANG 依赖 LTO_CLANG 和 KALLSYMS， LTO_CLANG 描述是使用 clang 编译，现在使用的是 gcc 编译器

//kernel-4.9/arch/Kconfig 
config LTO_CLANGbool "Use clang Link Time Optimization (LTO) (EXPERIMENTAL)"depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANGdepends on !FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD || HAVE_C_RECORDMCOUNTselect LTOselect THIN_ARCHIVESselect LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATIONhelpThis option enables clang's Link Time Optimization (LTO), which allowsthe compiler to optimize the kernel globally at link time. If youenable this option, the compiler generates LLVM IR instead of objectfiles, and the actual compilation from IR occurs at the LTO link step,which may take several minutes.If you select this option, you must compile the kernel with clang >=5.0 (make CC=clang) and GNU gold from binutils >= 2.27, and have theLLVMgold plug-in in LD_LIBRARY_PATH.endchoiceconfig CFIboolconfig CFI_PERMISSIVEbool "Use CFI in permissive mode"depends on CFIhelpWhen selected, Control Flow Integrity (CFI) violations result in awarning instead of a kernel panic. This option is useful for findingCFI violations in drivers during development.config CFI_CLANGbool "Use clang Control Flow Integrity (CFI) (EXPERIMENTAL)"depends on LTO_CLANGdepends on KALLSYMSselect CFIhelpThis option enables clang Control Flow Integrity (CFI), which addsruntime checking for indirect function calls.

配置后在文件 out/xxx/obj/KERNAK_OBJ/.config

//out/xxx/obj/KERNAK_OBJ/.config
CONFIG_LTO=y
CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG=y
# CONFIG_LTO_NONE is not set
CONFIG_LTO_CLANG=y
CONFIG_CFI=y
CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE=y
CONFIG_CFI_CLANG=y
CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW=y

使用 make 命令编译出现报错，报错 Cannot use CONFIG_LTO_CLANG: requires clang 5.0 or later，位于 kernel-4.9/Makefile

//kernel-4.9/scripts/Kbuild.include
# cc-name
# Expands to either gcc or clang
cc-name = $(shell $(CC) -v 2>&1 | grep -q "clang version" && echo clang || echo gcc)# 打印出 $(CC) = /home/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin/aarch64-linux-android-gcc
# $(cc-name) = gcc# __cc-version
# Returns compiler version
__cc-version = $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/$(cc-name)-version.sh $(CC))
## $(__cc-version) = 0409# __cc-ifversion
# Matches compiler name and version
# Usage:  EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(call cc-if-name-version, gcc, -lt, 0402, -O1)
__cc-ifversion = $(shell [ $(cc-name) = $(1) ] && [ $(__cc-version) $(2) $(3) ] && echo $(4) || echo $(5))# clang-ifversion
clang-ifversion =  $(call __cc-ifversion, clang, $(1), $(2), $(3), $(4))//kernel-4.9/Makefile
# Make sure we're using a supported toolchain with LTO_CLANG
ifdef CONFIG_LTO_CLANGifneq ($(call clang-ifversion, -ge, 0500, y), y)@echo Cannot use CONFIG_LTO_CLANG: requires clang 5.0 or later >&2 && exit 1endififneq ($(call gold-ifversion, -ge, 112000000, y), y)@echo Cannot use CONFIG_LTO_CLANG: requires GNU gold 1.12 or later >&2 && exit 1endif

尝试修改 $(CC) 值，也是无效的

export PATH="/home/prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-4053586/bin:/home/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin:/home/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/bin:${PATH}"export ARCH=arm64
export CLANG_TRIPLE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
export CROSS_COMPILE=/home/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin/aarch64-linux-android-
export CROSS_COMPILE_ARM32=/home/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-
export CC=/home/prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-4053586/bin/clangmake O=out ARCH=arm64 CC=clang CLANG_TRIPLE=aarch64-linux-gnu- CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-android-

发现有文件 kernel-4.9/build.config.cuttlefish.aarch64 不知道干什么用的，但是这些参数确实是我们希望设置的参数

//kernel-4.9/build.config.cuttlefish.aarch64
ARCH=arm64
BRANCH=android-4.9
CLANG_TRIPLE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-androidkernel-
DEFCONFIG=cuttlefish_defconfig
EXTRA_CMDS=''
KERNEL_DIR=common
POST_DEFCONFIG_CMDS="check_defconfig"
CLANG_PREBUILT_BIN=prebuilts-master/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r353983c/bin
LINUX_GCC_CROSS_COMPILE_PREBUILTS_BIN=prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin
FILES="
arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz
vmlinux
System.map
"
STOP_SHIP_TRACEPRINTK=1

那查看 $(CC) 值如何组成，export 的值就是为了替换，实际上 $(CC) 还是gcc 没用起作用

//kernel-4.9/Makefile
# Cross compiling and selecting different set of gcc/bin-utils
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# When performing cross compilation for other architectures ARCH shall be set
# to the target architecture. (See arch/* for the possibilities).
# ARCH can be set during invocation of make:
# make ARCH=ia64
# Another way is to have ARCH set in the environment.
# The default ARCH is the host where make is executed.# CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used
# during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables
# are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE).
# CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line
# make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux-
# Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment.
# A third alternative is to store a setting in .config so that plain
# "make" in the configured kernel build directory always uses that.
# Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
# Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile
ARCH		?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE	?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)
CC		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc

编译后从 out/xxx/include/generated/compile.h 确认编译器信息

/* This file is auto generated, version 1 */
/* SMP PREEMPT */
#define UTS_MACHINE "aarch64"
#define UTS_VERSION "#1 SMP PREEMPT Fri May 12 09:50:19 CST 2023"
#define LINUX_COMPILE_BY "username"
#define LINUX_COMPILE_HOST "ubuntu16"
#define LINUX_COMPILER "gcc version 4.9.x 20150123 (prerelease) (GCC) "

假如将 $(CC) 写死呢

//kernel-4.9/Makefile
# CC		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
CC=/home/prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-4479392/bin/clang

编译下来还是报错

参考文章

Building Linux with Clang/LLVM
Compiling an Android kernel with Clang
Hines-CompilingAndroidKeynote.pdf
Android从零开始的内核编译