Springboot实现接口传输加解密

前言

先给大家看下效果，原本我们的请求是这样子的

 加密后的数据传输是这样子的

加解密步骤：

1.前端请求前进行加密，然后发送到后端

2.后端收到请求后解密

3.后端返回数据前进行加密

4.前端拿到加密串后，解密数据

加解密算法：

本文用的是国密算法作为参考，当然大家也可以用其它算法进行加解密

国密算法加解密可参照：java/vue使用国密sm2进行数据加密_vue sm2_qq243920161的博客-CSDN博客java/vue使用国密sm2https://blog.csdn.net/qq243920161/article/details/127865091

一、前端请求前进行加密，然后发送到后端

import axios from 'axios';
import { sm2 } from 'sm-crypto';axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {// form-data传参方式不加密if (config.headers['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') {return;}// 非body方式传参，不加密if (config.data) {return;}// 使用国密算法进行加密let encryptData = sm2.doEncrypt(JSON.stringify(config.data), '加密公钥，请提前生成好');config.data = {data: encryptData}
});

以上代码使用了axios拦截器，对所有请求进行拦截，拦截器里，使用config.data获取到请求的body进行加密，加密后，把加密后的数据重新赋值到config.data，sm-crypto是国密算法的依赖，使用前npm install sm-crypto即可

请确保config.data是一个对象或者数组，不要是一个字符串，否则后端获取body时会失败

加密成功后，从network就能看到加密的数据了

二、后端收到请求后解密

这里有两个类直接复制粘贴即可，一个是RequestWrapper，这个类是用来读取body的，一个是BodyRequestWrapper，这个类是用来解密后，将解密后的数据封装到request，供Controller层使用，这里直接上代码了

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.*;/*** 用来读取body*/
public class RequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {private final String body;public RequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {super(request);StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;InputStream inputStream = null;try {inputStream = request.getInputStream();if (inputStream != null) {bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));char[] charBuffer = new char[128];int bytesRead = -1;while ((bytesRead = bufferedReader.read(charBuffer)) > 0) {stringBuilder.append(charBuffer, 0, bytesRead);}} else {stringBuilder.append("");}} catch (IOException ex) {} finally {if (inputStream != null) {try {inputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (bufferedReader != null) {try {bufferedReader.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}body = stringBuilder.toString();}@Overridepublic ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {final ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes());ServletInputStream servletInputStream = new ServletInputStream() {@Overridepublic boolean isFinished() {return false;}@Overridepublic boolean isReady() {return false;}@Overridepublic void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {}@Overridepublic int read() throws IOException {return byteArrayInputStream.read();}};return servletInputStream;}@Overridepublic BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getInputStream()));}public String getBody() {return this.body;}
}

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;/*** 用来重新封装request*/
public class BodyRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {/*** 存放JSON数据主体*/private String body;public BodyRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, String context) {super(request);body = context;}@Overridepublic ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {final ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes("UTF-8"));return new ServletInputStream() {@Overridepublic int read() throws IOException {return byteArrayInputStream.read();}@Overridepublic boolean isFinished() {return false;}@Overridepublic boolean isReady() {return false;}@Overridepublic void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) {}};}@Overridepublic BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getInputStream()));}
}

然后我们需要写一个请求过滤器，继承Filter，对所有请求接口进行过滤

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSON;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;/*** 请求加解密过滤器** @author 猴哥*/
@Component
public class RequestHandler implements Filter {/*** 进行请求加密*/@Overridepublic void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {// form-data不校验if ("application/x-www-form-urlencoded".equals(request.getContentType())) {chain.doFilter(request, response);return;}// 拿到加密串String data = new RequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request).getBody();if (StringUtils.isEmpty(data)) {chain.doFilter(request, response);return;}// 解析String body = Sm2Util.decrypt("解密私钥", data);request = new BodyRequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request, body);chain.doFilter(request, response);}
}

Sm2Util是国密的解密方式，工具类在之前分享的帖子里有，当然，大家可以用自己喜欢的方式进行加解密

java/vue使用国密sm2进行数据加密_vue sm2_qq243920161的博客-CSDN博客java/vue使用国密sm2https://blog.csdn.net/qq243920161/article/details/127865091

这样就能拿到加密串了

但是有个问题就是，这样写的话，所有请求都会走Filter，但是我们只想让部分请求走Filter怎么办呢，写一个配置类就可以了，这样就可以将url进行过滤

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** @author 猴哥*/
@Configuration
public class EncryptionConfiguration {/*** 过滤器配置*/@Beanpublic FilterRegistrationBean<RequestHandler> filterRegistration(RequestHandler requestHandler) {FilterRegistrationBean<RequestHandler> registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();registration.setFilter(requestHandler);registration.addUrlPatterns("/plugin/*");registration.setName("encryptionFilter");//设置优先级别registration.setOrder(1);return registration;}
}

以上代码就是将/plugin开头的url进行拦截，代码不难，就不用过多解释了吧

三、后端返回数据前进行加密

代码如下

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** 响应加解密拦截器** @author 猴哥*/
@Component
@ControllerAdvice
public class ResponseHandler implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {/*** 返回true，才会走beforeBodyWrite方法*/@Overridepublic boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass) {return true;}/*** 响应加密*/@Overridepublic Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {// 拿到响应的数据String json = JSON.toJSONString(body);// 进行加密return Sm2Util.encrypt("加密公钥", json);}
}

前端即可拿到这样一个加密数据

四、前端拿到加密串后，解密数据

需要再axios中添加一个响应拦截器，代码如下

import axios from 'axios';
import { sm2 } from 'sm-crypto';// 响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(res => {res.data = JSON.parse(sm2.doDecrypt(res.data, '解密私钥'));console.log('解密出来的数据', res.data);
});

打印如图所示