Kali 软件管理测试案例

案例1 ：显示目录树 tree

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# tree --help
usage: tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-L level [-R]] [-H  baseHREF][-T title] [-o filename] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [--gitignore][--gitfile[=]file] [--matchdirs] [--metafirst] [--ignore-case][--nolinks] [--hintro[=]file] [--houtro[=]file] [--inodes] [--device][--sort[=]<name>] [--dirsfirst] [--filesfirst] [--filelimit #] [--si][--du] [--prune] [--charset[=]X] [--timefmt[=]format] [--fromfile][--fromtabfile] [--fflinks] [--info] [--infofile[=]file] [--noreport][--version] [--help] [--] [directory ...]------- Listing options --------a            All files are listed.-d            List directories only.-l            Follow symbolic links like directories.-f            Print the full path prefix for each file.-x            Stay on current filesystem only.-L level      Descend only level directories deep.-R            Rerun tree when max dir level reached.-P pattern    List only those files that match the pattern given.-I pattern    Do not list files that match the given pattern.--gitignore   Filter by using .gitignore files.--gitfile X   Explicitly read gitignore file.--ignore-case Ignore case when pattern matching.--matchdirs   Include directory names in -P pattern matching.--metafirst   Print meta-data at the beginning of each line.--prune       Prune empty directories from the output.--info        Print information about files found in .info files.--infofile X  Explicitly read info file.--noreport    Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.--charset X   Use charset X for terminal/HTML and indentation line output.--filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.-o filename   Output to file instead of stdout.------- File options --------q            Print non-printable characters as '?'.-N            Print non-printable characters as is.-Q            Quote filenames with double quotes.-p            Print the protections for each file.-u            Displays file owner or UID number.-g            Displays file group owner or GID number.-s            Print the size in bytes of each file.-h            Print the size in a more human readable way.--si          Like -h, but use in SI units (powers of 1000).--du          Compute size of directories by their contents.-D            Print the date of last modification or (-c) status change.--timefmt <f> Print and format time according to the format <f>.-F            Appends '/', '=', '*', '@', '|' or '>' as per ls -F.--inodes      Print inode number of each file.--device      Print device ID number to which each file belongs.------- Sorting options --------v            Sort files alphanumerically by version.-t            Sort files by last modification time.-c            Sort files by last status change time.-U            Leave files unsorted.-r            Reverse the order of the sort.--dirsfirst   List directories before files (-U disables).--filesfirst  List files before directories (-U disables).--sort X      Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime.------- Graphics options --------i            Don't print indentation lines.-A            Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines.-S            Print with CP437 (console) graphics indentation lines.-n            Turn colorization off always (-C overrides).-C            Turn colorization on always.------- XML/HTML/JSON options --------X            Prints out an XML representation of the tree.-J            Prints out an JSON representation of the tree.-H baseHREF   Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory.-T string     Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string.--nolinks     Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output.--hintro X    Use file X as the HTML intro.--houtro X    Use file X as the HTML outro.------- Input options ---------fromfile    Reads paths from files (.=stdin)--fromtabfile Reads trees from tab indented files (.=stdin)--fflinks     Process link information when using --fromfile.------- Miscellaneous options ---------version     Print version and exit.--help        Print usage and this help message and exit.--            Options processing terminator.┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# dpkg -l | grep tree  
ii  cherrytree                                     0.99.48+dfsg-1                       amd64        hierarchical note taking application
ii  libhtml-tree-perl                              5.07-3                               all          Perl module to represent and create HTML syntax trees
ii  libxml-twig-perl                               1:3.52-2                             all          Perl module for processing huge XML documents in tree mode
ii  libxml-xpathengine-perl                        0.14-2                               all          re-usable XPath engine for DOM-like trees
ii  python3-asciitree                              0.3.3-3                              all          Draw tree structures using (ASCII or Unicode) characters
ii  python3-asttokens                              2.2.1-1                              all          annotate Python asbtract syntax trees with code references (Python 3)
ii  tree                                           2.1.1-1                              amd64        displays an indented directory tree, in color

案例2 ：使用dpkg安装软件包

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] ## 卸载
└─# apt-get remove tree   
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成  ┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# cd work/doc  ┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# pwd   
/root/work/doc## apt-get download -- 下载指定的二进制包到当前目录
┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# apt-get download tree
获取:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 tree amd64 2.1.1-1 [54.4 kB]
已下载 54.4 kB，耗时 0秒 (200 kB/s)
W: 由于文件'/root/work/doc/tree_2.1.1-1_amd64.deb'无法被用户'_apt'访问，已脱离沙盒并提权为根用户来进行下载。 - pkgAcquire::Run (13: 权限不够)┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# ls -lh                    
总计 56K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54K  6月27日 02:08 tree_2.1.1-1_amd64.deb##  dpkg -i 安装本地软件包
┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# dpkg -i tree_2.1.1-1_amd64.deb 
正在选中未选择的软件包 tree。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 428197 个文件和目录。)
准备解压 tree_2.1.1-1_amd64.deb  ...
正在解压 tree (2.1.1-1) ...
正在设置 tree (2.1.1-1) ...
正在处理用于 kali-menu (2023.4.2) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.11.2-3) 的触发器 ...┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# which tree
/usr/bin/tree┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# dpkg -l | grep tree 
ii  cherrytree                                     0.99.48+dfsg-1                       amd64        hierarchical note taking application
ii  libhtml-tree-perl                              5.07-3                               all          Perl module to represent and create HTML syntax trees
ii  libxml-twig-perl                               1:3.52-2                             all          Perl module for processing huge XML documents in tree mode
ii  libxml-xpathengine-perl                        0.14-2                               all          re-usable XPath engine for DOM-like trees
ii  python3-asciitree                              0.3.3-3                              all          Draw tree structures using (ASCII or Unicode) characters
ii  python3-asttokens                              2.2.1-1                              all          annotate Python asbtract syntax trees with code references (Python 3)
ii  tree                                           2.1.1-1                              amd64        displays an indented directory tree, in color

案例3 ：安装一个集成的开发环境（IDE Visual Studio Code）

## 拿到下载链接
┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─#  wget https://az764295.vo.msecnd.net/stable/6c3e3dba23e8fadc360aed75ce363ba185c49794/code_1.81.1-1691620686_amd64.deb
--2023-08-24 15:43:14--  https://az764295.vo.msecnd.net/stable/6c3e3dba23e8fadc360aed75ce363ba185c49794/code_1.81.1-1691620686_amd64.deb
正在解析主机 az764295.vo.msecnd.net (az764295.vo.msecnd.net)... 117.18.232.200
正在连接 az764295.vo.msecnd.net (az764295.vo.msecnd.net)|117.18.232.200|:443... 失败：拒绝连接。## apt-get install -f  这样的方式 会自动解决依赖  dpkg -i 本地安装不会自动解决依赖
┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc] 
└─# apt-get install -f ./code_1.81.1-1691620686_amd64.deb
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成                 
注意，选中 'code' 而非 './code_1.81.1-1691620686_amd64.deb'

案例4 ：安装mtr 路由跟踪工具

window – tracert

linux – traceroute

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# traceroute --help
Usage:traceroute [ -46dFITnreAUDV ] [ -f first_ttl ] [ -g gate,... ] [ -i device ] [ -m max_ttl ] [ -N squeries ] [ -p port ] [ -t tos ] [ -l flow_label ] [ -w MAX,HERE,NEAR ] [ -q nqueries ] [ -s src_addr ] [ -z sendwait ] [ --fwmark=num ] host [ packetlen ]
Options:-4                          Use IPv4-6                          Use IPv6-d  --debug                 Enable socket level debugging-F  --dont-fragment         Do not fragment packets-f first_ttl  --first=first_ttlStart from the first_ttl hop (instead from 1)-g gate,...  --gateway=gate,...Route packets through the specified gateway(maximum 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6)-I  --icmp                  Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting-T  --tcp                   Use TCP SYN for tracerouting (default port is 80)-i device  --interface=deviceSpecify a network interface to operate with-m max_ttl  --max-hops=max_ttlSet the max number of hops (max TTL to bereached). Default is 30-N squeries  --sim-queries=squeriesSet the number of probes to be triedsimultaneously (default is 16)-n                          Do not resolve IP addresses to their domain names-p port  --port=port        Set the destination port to use. It is eitherinitial udp port value for "default" method(incremented by each probe, default is 33434), orinitial seq for "icmp" (incremented as well,default from 1), or some constant destinationport for other methods (with default of 80 for"tcp", 53 for "udp", etc.)-t tos  --tos=tos           Set the TOS (IPv4 type of service) or TC (IPv6traffic class) value for outgoing packets-l flow_label  --flowlabel=flow_labelUse specified flow_label for IPv6 packets-w MAX,HERE,NEAR  --wait=MAX,HERE,NEARWait for a probe no more than HERE (default 3)times longer than a response from the same hop,or no more than NEAR (default 10) times than somenext hop, or MAX (default 5.0) seconds (floatpoint values allowed too)-q nqueries  --queries=nqueriesSet the number of probes per each hop. Default is3-r                          Bypass the normal routing and send directly to ahost on an attached network-s src_addr  --source=src_addrUse source src_addr for outgoing packets-z sendwait  --sendwait=sendwaitMinimal time interval between probes (default 0).If the value is more than 10, then it specifies anumber in milliseconds, else it is a number ofseconds (float point values allowed too)-e  --extensions            Show ICMP extensions (if present), including MPLS-A  --as-path-lookups       Perform AS path lookups in routing registries andprint results directly after the correspondingaddresses-M name  --module=name      Use specified module (either builtin or external)for traceroute operations. Most methods havetheir shortcuts (`-I' means `-M icmp' etc.)-O OPTS,...  --options=OPTS,...Use module-specific option OPTS for thetraceroute module. Several OPTS allowed,separated by comma. If OPTS is "help", print infoabout available options--sport=num                 Use source port num for outgoing packets. Implies`-N 1'--fwmark=num                Set firewall mark for outgoing packets-U  --udp                   Use UDP to particular port for tracerouting(instead of increasing the port per each probe),default port is 53-UL                         Use UDPLITE for tracerouting (default dest portis 53)-D  --dccp                  Use DCCP Request for tracerouting (default portis 33434)-P prot  --protocol=prot    Use raw packet of protocol prot for tracerouting--mtu                       Discover MTU along the path being traced. Implies`-F -N 1'--back                      Guess the number of hops in the backward path andprint if it differs-V  --version               Print version info and exit--help                      Read this help and exitArguments:
+     host          The host to traceroute topacketlen     The full packet length (default is the length of an IPheader plus 40). Can be ignored or increased to a minimalallowed value

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# apt-cache search ^mtr                                
mtr - Full screen ncurses and X11 traceroute tool
mtr-tiny - Full screen ncurses traceroute tool
mtree-netbsd - Validates directory tree against specification┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# apt-get install mtr                                  
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成                 
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：└─# mtr qq.com    

案例5 ：升级软件包

python3的升级

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# python3 -V
Python 3.11.4┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# apt-get upgrade python3

案例6 ：通过git方式安装软件

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# git -h                 
用法：git [-v | --version] [-h | --help] [-C <路径>] [-c <名称>=<取值>][--exec-path[=<路径>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path][-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare][--git-dir=<路径>] [--work-tree=<路径>] [--namespace=<名称>][--config-env=<名称>=<环境变量>] <命令> [<参数>]这些是各种场合常见的 Git 命令：开始一个工作区（参见：git help tutorial）clone     克隆仓库到一个新目录init      创建一个空的 Git 仓库或重新初始化一个已存在的仓库在当前变更上工作（参见：git help everyday）add       添加文件内容至索引mv        移动或重命名一个文件、目录或符号链接restore   恢复工作区文件rm        从工作区和索引中删除文件检查历史和状态（参见：git help revisions）bisect    通过二分查找定位引入 bug 的提交diff      显示提交之间、提交和工作区之间等的差异grep      输出和模式匹配的行log       显示提交日志show      显示各种类型的对象status    显示工作区状态扩展、标记和调校您的历史记录branch    列出、创建或删除分支commit    记录变更到仓库merge     合并两个或更多开发历史rebase    在另一个分支上重新应用提交reset     重置当前 HEAD 到指定状态switch    切换分支tag       创建、列出、删除或校验一个 GPG 签名的标签对象协同（参见：git help workflows）fetch     从另外一个仓库下载对象和引用pull      获取并整合另外的仓库或一个本地分支push      更新远程引用和相关的对象命令 'git help -a' 和 'git help -g' 显示可用的子命令和一些概念帮助。
查看 'git help <命令>' 或 'git help <概念>' 以获取给定子命令或概念的
帮助。
有关系统的概述，查看 'git help git'。

开源的 情报搜集工具 recon-ng

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# git clone https://github.com/lanmaster53/recon-ng.git
正克隆到 'recon-ng'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 9522, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (19/19), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (16/16), done.
remote: Total 9522 (delta 3), reused 14 (delta 3), pack-reused 9503
接收对象中: 100% (9522/9522), 3.06 MiB | 775.00 KiB/s, 完成.
处理 delta 中: 100% (4958/4958), 完成.┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# ls         
code_1.81.1-1691620686_amd64.deb  recon-ng  tree_2.1.1-1_amd64.deb┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# cd regon-ng
cd: 没有那个文件或目录: regon-ng┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc]
└─# cd recon-ng┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc/recon-ng]
└─# ls
docker-compose.yml  LICENSE    recon      recon-ng   REQUIREMENTS
Dockerfile          README.md  recon-cli  recon-web  VERSION┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc/recon-ng]
└─# pip install -r REQUIREMENTS┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/work/doc/recon-ng]
└─# recon-ng
[*] Version check disabled._/_/_/    _/_/_/_/    _/_/_/    _/_/_/    _/      _/            _/      _/    _/_/_/_/    _/  _/        _/        _/      _/  _/_/    _/            _/_/    _/  _/       _/_/_/    _/_/_/    _/        _/      _/  _/  _/  _/  _/_/_/_/  _/  _/  _/  _/  _/_/_/_/    _/  _/        _/        _/      _/  _/    _/_/            _/    _/_/  _/      _/ 
_/    _/  _/_/_/_/    _/_/_/    _/_/_/    _/      _/            _/      _/    _/_/_/    /\/ \\ /\Sponsored by...               /\  /\/  \\V  \/\/ \\/ // \\\\\ \\ \/\// // BLACK HILLS \/ \\www.blackhillsinfosec.com____   ____   ____   ____ _____ _  ____   ____  ____|____] | ___/ |____| |       |   | |____  |____ ||      |   \_ |    | |____   |   |  ____| |____ |____www.practisec.com[recon-ng v5.1.2, Tim Tomes (@lanmaster53)]                       [*] No modules enabled/installed.