【SAP Abap】X-DOC：SAP ABAP 语法更新之一（Open SQL新增特性）

1、前言

自从 SAP 推出 SAP ON HANA，与之相随的 AS ABAP NW 7.40 版本以后，ABAP 语法也有了较多的更新，本篇对 Open Sql的语法更新部分做一个DEMO演示。

NW 7.40 以前 OpenSQL 的限制：
① 没有固定值或计算列；
② 没有Case表达式；
③ 没有 right outer join；
④ 没有 Union；
⑤ 没有子查询

NW 7.40 开始 OpenSQL 支持的新特性：
① CASE；
② COALESCE；
③ 算术表达式：+，-，*，/；
④ CAST类型转换；
⑤ 算术函数：DIV、MOD、ABS、FLOOR、CEIL、ROUND；
⑥ 聚合函数：SUM，COUNT，AVG，MAX，MIN；
⑦ 字符串连接符 &&；
⑧ right outer join；
⑨ union and union all
存在的限制：
① 无法使用 SAP HANA 内置函数，如DAYS_BETWEEN；
② 无法使用 SAP HANA 数据库视图和存储过程

2、演示

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report Y_XLEVON_OPEN_SQL
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT y_xlevon_open_sql.TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_sflight,carrid   TYPE sflight-carrid,connid   TYPE sflight-connid,fldate   TYPE sflight-fldate,seatsmax TYPE sflight-seatsmax,seatsocc TYPE sflight-seatsocc,status   TYPE char10,END OF ty_sflight.PARAMETERS:p_carrid TYPE sflight-carrid,p_cust   TYPE scustom-name.* （1）CASE表达式
* Old syntax for before AS ABAP 7.4 SP05
DATA: gt_data TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_sflight.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs_sflight> TYPE ty_sflight.SELECTcarridconnidfldateseatsmaxseatsocc
FROM sflight
INTO TABLE gt_data
WHERE carrid = p_carrid.LOOP AT gt_data ASSIGNING <fs_sflight>.IF <fs_sflight>-seatsocc GT 300.<fs_sflight>-status = 'High OCC'.ELSE.<fs_sflight>-status = 'Low OCC'.ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.* AS ABAP 7.4 SP05
SELECTcarrid,connid,fldate,seatsmax,seatsocc,CASE WHEN seatsocc GT 300 THEN 'High OCC'ELSE 'Low OCC'END AS status
*into table @DATA(gt_data2)   " syntax OK
FROM sflight
*into table @DATA(gt_data2)   " syntax OK
WHERE carrid = @p_carrid
INTO TABLE @DATA(gt_data2).* New Syntax 7.5+
SELECT FROM sflightFIELDS carrid,connid,fldate,seatsmax,seatsocc,CASE WHEN seatsocc GT 300 THEN 'High OCC'ELSE 'Low OCC'END AS status
*into table @DATA(gt_data3).   " syntax error
WHERE carrid = @p_carrid
INTO TABLE @DATA(gt_data3).   " 必须放在最后* （2）字面&算术表达式
DATA: lv_rebate TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '0.10'.
SELECT'hello' && 'XLevon' AS char,                    " 字符串拼接100 AS i_num,                                   " 整型@sy-langu AS sys_lan,                           " 系统语言@lv_rebate AS p_num,                            " 定点小鼠price,( price * @lv_rebate ) AS rebate,               " 折扣round( ( price * @lv_rebate ), 1 ) AS round_col," 折扣保留一位小数ceil( ( price * @lv_rebate ) ) AS ceil_col,floor( ( price * @lv_rebate ) ) AS floor_col
FROM sflight
WHERE carrid = @p_carrid
INTO TABLE @DATA(gt_data_expression).* （3）聚合函数
SELECTcarrid,connid,COUNT( DISTINCT ( fldate ) ) AS distinct_fldate,SUM( seatsmax ) AS sum_seatsmax,CAST( AVG( seatsocc ) AS INT4 ) AS avg_seatsocc
FROM sflight
WHERE carrid = @p_carrid
GROUP BY carrid, connid
INTO TABLE @DATA(gt_data_aggregate).* （4）右外连接
SELECTscarr~carrid,scarr~carrname,spfli~connid,spfli~cityfrom,spfli~cityto
FROM scarr
RIGHT OUTER JOIN spfli ON spfli~carrid = scarr~carrid
WHERE coalesce( scarr~carrid, 'NO CARR' ) <> 'NO CARR'
ORDER BY scarr~carrid, spfli~connid
INTO TABLE @DATA(gt_data_COALESCE)UP TO 10 ROWS.* （5）UNION & sub query
SELECT FROM sbookFIELDS 1 AS type, carrid, connid, fldate, bookid,CAST( loccuram AS FLTP ) / CAST( 2 AS FLTP ) AS div_field,loccurkey
WHERE customid IN ( SELECT id FROM scustom WHERE name = 'Martin' )
UNION ALL
SELECT FROM sbookFIELDS 2 AS type, carrid, connid, fldate, bookid,CAST( loccuram AS FLTP ) / CAST( 2 AS FLTP ) AS div_field,loccurkey
WHERE customid IN ( SELECT id FROM scustom WHERE name = @p_cust )
ORDER BY type, carrid, connid, fldate, bookid
INTO TABLE @DATA(gt_data_union).* （6）应用：判断数据记录是否存在
DATA: lv_msg TYPE string.
SELECT SINGLE @abap_trueFROM scustomINTO @DATA(lv_exists)WHERE name = @p_cust.
IF lv_exists EQ abap_true.CONCATENATE 'Customer' p_cust 'Exists' INTO lv_msg SEPARATED BY space.
*  lv_msg = 'Customer ' && p_cust && ' Exists'.   " 前两个单词间空格丢失
ELSE.lv_msg = 'Customer ' && | { p_cust } doesn't Exists|.
ENDIF.cl_demo_output=>write( gt_data ).
cl_demo_output=>write( gt_data2 ).
cl_demo_output=>write( gt_data3 ).
cl_demo_output=>write( gt_data_expression ).
cl_demo_output=>write( gt_data_aggregate ).
cl_demo_output=>write( gt_data_COALESCE ).
cl_demo_output=>write( gt_data_union ).
cl_demo_output=>write( lv_msg ).
cl_demo_output=>display( ).

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