Linux软件安装

1.Linux安装JDK

1.安装位置

• /opt

2.安装包

• jdk-8u171-linux-x64.rpm

3.安装步骤

1.将安装包上传到虚拟机中

[root@localhost opt]# ls
jdk-8u171-linux-x64.rpm

2.执行安装命令

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u171-linux-x64.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...1:jdk1.8-2000:1.8.0_171-fcs        ################################# [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...tools.jar...plugin.jar...javaws.jar...deploy.jar...rt.jar...jsse.jar...charsets.jar...localedata.jar...

3.查看安装目录

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -qa | grep jdk
jdk1.8-1.8.0_171-fcs.x86_64[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ql jdk1.8
/usr
/usr/java
...[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/java
[root@localhost java]# ls
default  jdk1.8.0_171-amd64  latest
[root@localhost java]# cd default
[root@localhost default]# ls
bin        javafx-src.zip  man          THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
COPYRIGHT  jre             README.html  THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
db         lib             release
include    LICENSE         src.zip

4.配置环境变量

# 1.编辑配置文件
[root@localhost default]# vi /etc/profile# 2.profile文件最后追加以下3行配置
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.# 3.刷新环境变量(没有出现错误表示配置成功)
[root@localhost default]# source /etc/profile

4.测试

# 成功显示
[root@localhost /]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_171"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)

2.Linux安装Tomcat

• 需要先安装JDK

1.安装位置

• /opt/tomcat

2.压缩包

• apache-tomcat-8.5.60.tar.gz

3.安装步骤

1.将压缩包上传到虚拟机中

[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.60.tar.gz

2.执行解压命令

[root@localhost tomcat]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-8.5.60.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.5.60/conf/
apache-tomcat-8.5.60/conf/catalina.policy
...[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.60  apache-tomcat-8.5.60.tar.gz

3.启动tomcat

# 1.进入tomcat文件夹
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd apache-tomcat-8.5.60
# 2.进入bin目录
[root@localhost apache-tomcat-8.5.60]# cd bin
# 3.启动tomcat
[root@localhost bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.60
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.60
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.60/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/default
Using CLASSPATH:       /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat->8.5.60/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.60/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
# 4.查看tomcat进程 Bootstrap表示tomcat成功运行
[root@localhost bin]# jps
84071 Jps
64888 Bootstrap
# 5.Linux中测试访问tomcat默认8080端口号
[root@localhost bin]# curl -I http://localhost:8080
HTTP/1.1 200
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2022 22:24:18 GMT

4.关闭Linux防火墙

• 1.Windows中访问Linux中的tomcat
  
• 2.此时需要关闭Linux防火墙

  # 1.查看防火墙状态
  [root@localhost bin]# systemctl status firewalld
  ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since 日 2022-10-23 11:59:40 CST; 1 day 18h agoDocs: man:firewalld(1)Main PID: 669 (firewalld)CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service└─669 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid# 2.关闭防火墙
  [root@localhost bin]# systemctl stop firewalld
  [root@localhost bin]# systemctl status firewalld
  ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: deactivating (stop-sigterm) since 二 2022-10-25 06:30:36 CST; 44s agoDocs: man:firewalld(1)Main PID: 669 (firewalld)CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service└─669 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid# 3.关闭防火墙开机自启动
  # 每次开机防火墙都会自动打开，需要重新设置，所以在关闭防火墙后，关闭防火墙开机自启动，下次启动就不用重新设置
  [root@localhost bin]# systemctl disable firewalld
  Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
  Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.# 4.关闭selinux（Security-Enhanced Linux）	linux安全子系统
  # 不关闭会需要更多的配置
  # 查看状态
  [root@localhost ~]# getenforce
  Enforcing
  [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
  [root@localhost ~]# getenforce
  Permissive
  # 查看状态
  [root@localhost ~]# sestatus
  SELinux status:                 enabled
  SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
  SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
  Loaded policy name:             targeted
  Current mode:                   permissive
  Mode from config file:          enforcing
  Policy MLS status:              enabled
  Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
  Max kernel policy version:      31
  # 永久关闭selinux：
  # vi /etc/selinux/config
  # SELINUX=disabled
  # 配置文件后需要重启才能生效
  

  

5.查看tomcat启动日志

# catalina.日期.log  记录tomcat启动时候的信息
# localhost.日期.log 记录tomcat启动时调用的方法
# localhost_access_log.日期.txt 访问tomcat的请求的所有地址以及请求的路径、时间，请求协议以及返回码等信息
# catalina.out 包含tomcat运行时所有的日志输出
[root@localhost apache-tomcat-8.5.60]# ls
bin           CONTRIBUTING.md  logs       RELEASE-NOTES  webapps
BUILDING.txt  lib              NOTICE     RUNNING.txt    work
conf          LICENSE          README.md  temp
[root@localhost apache-tomcat-8.5.60]# cd logs
[root@localhost logs]# ls
catalina.2022-10-25.log      localhost.2022-10-25.log
catalina.out                 localhost_access_log.2022-10-25.txt
host-manager.2022-10-25.log  manager.2022-10-25.log
[root@localhost logs]# less catalina.2022-10-25.log
[root@localhost logs]# less localhost.2022-10-25.log
[root@localhost logs]# less localhost_access_log.2022-10-25.txt
[root@localhost logs]# less catalina.out

3.Linux安装MySQL

1.安装位置

• /opt/mysql5.7
  

2.安装步骤

1.通过wget下载rpm安装包

[root@localhost tomcat]# wget -P /opt/mysql5.7 https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

2.通过rpm安装MySQL

[root@localhost mysql5.7]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

3.通过yum安装mysql(一般使用yum安装)

[root@localhost mysql5.7]# yum install -y mysql-server

如果出现上面安装失败可以通过下面方式解决（禁掉GPG验证检查）

[root@localhost mysql5.7]# yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

3.启动MySQL

# 1.启动mysql
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# systemctl start mysqld
# 2.查看mysql状态
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# systemctl status mysqld
# 3.查看mysql日志获取初始化密码
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# head -n 10 /var/log/mysqld.log
# 4.登陆mysql(输入上述初始化密码)
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# mysql -u root -p
# 5.修改mysql的密码策略(注意：默认密码检查策略比较严格，必须定义如类似密码 mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '$BAIZHIroot2002';)
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; 	# 修改为简单策略
mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;	# 修改密码长度最低为4
# 6.修改mysql密码
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'root';

4.设置root允许远程访问

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;

5.关闭Linux防火墙

[root@localhost mysql5.7]# systemctl status mysqld	//当前已经关闭，若未关闭则执行 systemctl stop firewalld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead)Docs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

6.Navicat连接MySQL

7.远程访问MySQL

4.Linux安装Redis

5.Linux安装RibbitMQ

6.Linux系统下SSM项目打包部署

7.Linux系统下SpringBoot项目打包部署

• 需要先安装JDK

1.简单SpringBoot项目打包部署(未连接mysql)

1.配置文件

• 1.pom.xml

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.example</groupId><artifactId>SpringBootSimple</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><!--SpringBoot项目此处打成jar包即可，打成war包会报错--><packaging>jar</packaging><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><!--告知项目的启动类--><start-class>com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication</start-class></properties><dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><version>2.6.3</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><!--如果不加此处会报异常[root@localhost springboot]# java -jar SpringBoot-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jarSpringBoot-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar中没有主清单属性--><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>2.6.3</version><executions><execution><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>
  

• application.yaml

  server:#修改项目端口号port: 8890#修改项目访问路径servlet:context-path: /springboot_simple
  

2.启动类

package com.wd;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootSimpleApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringBootSimpleApplication.class, args);}
}

3.接口

package com.wd.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;@RequestMapping("/user")
@Controller
public class UserController {@RequestMapping("hello")@ResponseBodypublic String hello(){return "Hello SpringBootSimple";}
}

4.打包

• 1.首先刷新Maven
• 2.清空之前的target文件夹
• 3.将test禁用(因为打包时会默认执行test中的代码，如果测试代码没有问题才会打包，如果测试代码有问题则打包失败)
• 4.打包
  
  
  

5.部署

• 1.将jar包上传到Linux中
• 2.执行jar包

  # 错误原因：jar包内文件以及配置信息缺失
  # 正常的jar包内应该包含三个文件：BOOT-INF、META-INF、org
  # META-INF文件中有一个 MANIFEST.MF文件，正常文件如下图成功案例所示，配置丢失的文件如下图失败案例所示
  [root@localhost springboot]# java -jar SpringBoot-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
  SpringBoot-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar中没有主清单属性# 解决方法
  pom.xml文件加入上述插件配置# 部署成功
  [root@localhost springboot]# java -jar SpringBootSimple-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar.   ____          _            __ _ _/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
  ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \\\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )'  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/:: Spring Boot ::                (v2.6.3)2022-10-25 14:29:05.065  INFO 4411 --- [           main] com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication       : Starting SpringBootSimpleApplication using 	Java 1.8.0_171 on localhost.localdomain with PID 4411 (/opt/springboot/SpringBootSimple-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar started by root in /opt/springboot)
  2022-10-25 14:29:05.084  INFO 4411 --- [           main] com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication       : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
  2022-10-25 14:29:09.500  INFO 4411 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8890 (http)
  2022-10-25 14:29:09.516  INFO 4411 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
  2022-10-25 14:29:09.516  INFO 4411 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.56]
  2022-10-25 14:29:09.942  INFO 4411 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/springboot_simple]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
  2022-10-25 14:29:09.942  INFO 4411 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 4738 ms
  2022-10-25 14:29:12.303  INFO 4411 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8890 (http) with context path '/springboot_simple'
  2022-10-25 14:29:12.350  INFO 4411 --- [           main] com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication       : Started SpringBootSimpleApplication in 8.473 seconds (JVM running for 11.126)
  2022-10-25 14:29:40.114  INFO 4411 --- [nio-8890-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/springboot_simple]       : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
  2022-10-25 14:29:40.114  INFO 4411 --- [nio-8890-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
  2022-10-25 14:29:40.115  INFO 4411 --- [nio-8890-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 1 ms
  

• jar包及其解压后文件目录
  
• 失败案例
• 成功案例

6.测试

2.简单SpringBoot项目打包部署(带日志，未连接mysql)

1.配置文件

• 1.pom.xml

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.example</groupId><artifactId>SpringBootSimple</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><!--SpringBoot项目此处打成jar包即可，打成war包会报错--><packaging>jar</packaging><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><!--告知项目的启动类--><start-class>com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication</start-class></properties><dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><version>2.6.3</version></dependency>	<!--lombok自带slf4j日志--><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.10</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><!--如果不加此处会报异常[root@localhost springboot]# java -jar SpringBoot-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jarSpringBoot-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar中没有主清单属性--><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>2.6.3</version><executions><execution><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>
  

• application.yaml

  server:#修改项目端口号port: 8890#修改项目访问路径servlet:context-path: /springboot_simple
  

2.启动类

package com.wd;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootSimpleApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringBootSimpleApplication.class, args);}
}

3.接口

package com.wd.controller;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import java.time.Instant;@Slf4j
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {@RequestMapping("hello")@ResponseBodypublic String hello(){log.info("{} 调用hello方法", Instant.now());return "Hello SpringBootSimple";}@RequestMapping("bey")@ResponseBodypublic String bey(){log.info("{} 调用bey方法", Instant.now());return "Bey SpringBootSimple";}
}

4.打包

• 1.首先刷新Maven
• 2.清空之前的target文件夹
• 3.将test禁用(因为打包时会默认执行test中的代码，如果测试代码没有问题才会打包，如果测试代码有问题则打包失败)
• 4.打包
  
  
  

5.部署

• 1.将jar包上传到Linux中
• 2.创建日志文件
• 3.后台一直运行项目并实时打印日志
• 4.动态查看日志

  [root@localhost logs]# touch consoleMsg.log
  [root@localhost springboot]# nohup java -jar SpringBootSimple-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar > logs/consoleMsg.log 2>&1 &
  [1] 9045
  [root@localhost springboot]# tail -f -n 20 logs/consoleMsg.log
  ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \\\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )'  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/:: Spring Boot ::                (v2.6.3)2022-10-25 16:02:21.383  INFO 9045 --- [           main] com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication       : Starting SpringBootSimpleApplication using Java 1.8.0_171 on localhost.localdomain with PID 9045 (/opt/springboot/SpringBootSimple-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar started by root in /opt/springboot)
  2022-10-25 16:02:21.386  INFO 9045 --- [           main] com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication       : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
  2022-10-25 16:02:23.694  INFO 9045 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8890 (http)
  2022-10-25 16:02:23.735  INFO 9045 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
  2022-10-25 16:02:23.735  INFO 9045 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.56]
  2022-10-25 16:02:23.887  INFO 9045 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/springboot_simple]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
  2022-10-25 16:02:23.887  INFO 9045 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2377 ms
  2022-10-25 16:02:25.659  INFO 9045 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8890 (http) with context path '/springboot_simple'
  2022-10-25 16:02:25.687  INFO 9045 --- [           main] com.wd.SpringBootSimpleApplication       : Started SpringBootSimpleApplication in 5.46 seconds (JVM running for 6.993)
  2022-10-25 16:03:58.634  INFO 9045 --- [nio-8890-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/springboot_simple]       : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
  2022-10-25 16:03:58.635  INFO 9045 --- [nio-8890-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
  2022-10-25 16:03:58.636  INFO 9045 --- [nio-8890-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 1 ms
  2022-10-25 16:03:59.577  INFO 9045 --- [nio-8890-exec-1] com.wd.controller.UserController         : 2022-10-25T08:03:59.577Z 调用hello方法
  2022-10-25 16:04:10.007  INFO 9045 --- [nio-8890-exec-2] com.wd.controller.UserController         : 2022-10-25T08:04:10.007Z 调用bey方法# 查询SpringBoot项目的端口号
  [root@localhost logs]# ps -aux | grep SpringBoot# 杀死该后台运行的项目
  kill -9 9045
  

6.测试

8.Linux系统下SpringCloud项目打包部署

安装c语言开发环境

• rpm
• yum

yum groupinstall "Development tools"

• 安装的是开发工具组，包含c，c++等多种语言,还有gdb调试器
• 光安装c语言，可以按照gcc即可

yum -y install gcc

• 按装vim编辑器及插件

yum -y install vim-*

• 安装vim编辑器
• 编写程序实现将百分制成绩转换为等级制成绩
• 编译程序，运行程序
• gdb调试程序
• 安装gdb调试程序

yum -y install gdb

• 编译用gcc编译器
• gcc scoreGrade
  
• gcc scoreGrade.c -o score
• -o执行文件的名字，即重命名
• 运行程序
• ./score
• 如果需要调试程序，需要在编译时加上-g选项
• gcc -g scoreGrade.c -o score
• 调试
• gdb score
• 运行
• ./score
• 默认编译输出是a.out，不管编译的是哪一个c语言程序都会输出一个a.out
  
• ./a.out
  
• 执行可执行文件名用-o指定
  
• 可以同时编译多个可执行文件
• gcc 文件名1 文件名2
  
• 调试内部命令：
• file 文件名
• y
• l查看源码
• b 行码 设置断点，注意b和行码之间有空格
  
• r 表示运行
• 运行到断点会停止
• n(next)会进行下一步
• s(step)也是进行下一步
• 如果有函数存在，s会进入函数体中调试，n不会进入函数体中，没有函数调用时，s和n效果一样
  q退出