postgreSQL单机部署

一、环境准备

架构	操作系统	IP	主机名	PG版本	端口	磁盘空间	内存	CPU
single 单机	centos7	192.168.1.10	pgserver01	PostgreSQL 14.7	5433	50G	4G	2

1、官网下载源码包

https://www.postgresql.org/download/

2、操作系统参数修改

2.1 sysctl.conf配置

vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.sysrq = 1
#basic setting
#net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
#net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
kernel.pid_max = 524288
fs.file-max = 76724200
fs.aio-max-nr = 40960000
kernel.sem = 10000  10240000 10000 1024
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.core.somaxconn = 4096
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 3000
vm.swappiness = 10
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmmax = 1930648
kernel.shmall = 471
vm.dirty_ratio=20
vm.dirty_background_ratio=3
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=100
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500
vm.min_free_kbytes=524288

sysctl -p 生效配置

注意：
设置最大内存共享段大小bytes kernel.shmmax设置为内存的一半。
kernel.shmall设置为 kernel.shmmax/page_size
在操作系统执行getconf PAGESIZE可以获取，一般为4096

[root@pgserver01 ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal
MemTotal: 3861296 kB

[root@pgserver01 ~]# bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty’.
3861296/2
1930648

[root@pgserver01 ~]# getconf PAGESIZE
4096
[root@pgserver01 ~]# bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty’.
1930648/4096
471

2.2 用户limits配置

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
将以下内容添加到文件尾部
postgres soft nofile 1048576
postgres hard nofile 1048576
postgres soft nproc 131072
postgres hard nproc 131072
postgres soft stack 10240
postgres hard stack 32768
postgres soft core 6291456
postgres hard core 6291456
postgres soft memlock -1
postgres hard memlock -1

2.3 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

2.4 创建组、用户、目录

groupadd -g 3001 postgres
useradd -u 3001 -g postgres postgres
mkdir -p /data/{pgsql,soft,repmgr}
mkdir -p /data/pgsql/install
mkdir -p /data/pgsql/data
mkdir -p /data/pgsql/archive

二、开始部署PG单机环境

1、安装依赖包

yum -y install openssl-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel python-devel cmake gcc-c++ \
zlib-devel bzip2 readline-devel expect git uuid-devel systemd-devel gcc automake autoconf libtool make vim wget bison flex

注意：
安装完成需要确认下是否安装了这个包：rpm -qa|grep uuid-devel 如果安装后有，则不需要手动安装了。
下面这个包系统自带，所以无需手工安装了

# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/uuid-devel-1.6.2-26.el7.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -ivh uuid-devel-1.6.2-26.el7.x86_64.rpm

2、 解压软件包

tar -zxvf /data/soft/postgresql-14.7.tar.gz -C /data/pgsql/install/

2.1 编译安装

[root@pgserver01 soft]# cd /data/pgsql/install/postgresql-14.7/
[root@pgserver01 postgresql-14.7]# ./configure --prefix=/data/pgsql/install \--with-openssl \--disable-float4-byval \--disable-float8-byval \--with-libxml \--with-libxslt \--with-ossp-uuid \--with-systemd

注意
编译14.3版本时候会报错
configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-float4-byval, --disable-float8-byval

2.2 重新编译

[root@pgserver01 postgresql-14.7]# ./configure --prefix=/data/pgsql/install \--with-openssl \--with-libxml \--with-libxslt \--with-ossp-uuid \--with-systemd
[root@pgserver01 postgresql-14.7]# gmake world

多核可以开启并行 gmake world -j4

3、编译完成后进行安装

[root@pgserver01 postgresql-14.7]# gmake install-world

4、查看版本

[root@pgserver01 postgresql-14.7]# /data/pgsql/install/bin/postgres --version
postgres (PostgreSQL) 14.7

5、目录授权

[root@pgserver01 postgresql-14.7]# chown -R postgres:postgres /data
[root@pgserver01 postgresql-14.7]# chmod -R 755 /data

6、数据库初始化

/data/pgsql/install/bin/initdb --wal-segsize=256 -D /data/pgsql/data
-E UTF8 --locale=en_US.utf8 -U postgres -W
–wal-segsize=256 指定了单个wal日志的大小，单位MB。 提示输入密码时，可先设置为空，回车即可

[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ su - postgres
[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ /data/pgsql/install/bin/initdb --wal-segsize=256 -D /data/pgsql/data -E UTF8 --locale=en_US.utf8 -U postgres -W
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".Data page checksums are disabled.Enter new superuser password:
Enter it again:fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pgsql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... okinitdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.Success. You can now start the database server using:/data/pgsql/install/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql/data -l logfile start

7、启动/关闭命令

[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ /data/pgsql/install/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql/data -l logfile start
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ /data/pgsql/install/bin/pg_ctl stop -D /data/pgsql/data
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped

8、环境变量配置

将以下内容添加到bash_profile文件中，（删除文件中原来的“export PATH”一行内容）

su - postgres
vi ~/.bash_profile
#export PATH
export PGPORT=5433
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGHOST=127.0.0.1
export PGHOME=/data/pgsql/install
export PGDATA=/data/pgsql/data
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export PGPASSFILE=/home/postgres/.pgpass

生效

source ~/.bash_profile

9、登录验证

环境变量配置完成后可以直接用 pg_ctl 命令启停数据库

[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ pg_ctl start
waiting for server to start....2023-12-25 14:54:51.528 CST [33983] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 14.7 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44), 64-bit
2023-12-25 14:54:51.529 CST [33983] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5433
2023-12-25 14:54:51.529 CST [33983] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5433
2023-12-25 14:54:51.529 CST [33983] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5433"
2023-12-25 14:54:51.530 CST [33984] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2023-12-25 14:49:31 CST
2023-12-25 14:54:51.533 CST [33983] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connectionsdone
server started
[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ psql
psql (14.7)
Type "help" for help.postgres=# select version();version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PostgreSQL 14.7 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44), 64-bit
(1 row)postgres=#

10、配置参数文件 postgres.conf、pg_hba.conf

修改参数文件需要先停库

[postgres@pgserver01 pgsql]$ pg_ctl stop
waiting for server to shut down....2023-12-25 15:26:24.546 CST [33983] LOG:  received fast shutdown request
2023-12-25 15:26:24.547 CST [33983] LOG:  aborting any active transactions
2023-12-25 15:26:24.548 CST [33983] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 33990) exited with exit code 1
2023-12-25 15:26:24.548 CST [33985] LOG:  shutting down
2023-12-25 15:26:24.552 CST [33983] LOG:  database system is shut downdone
server stopped

其中以下参数需要根据机器配置和项目修改 ：
cluster_name=‘repmgr01’ #实例名称
port=5433 shared_buffers=4GB # 物理内存的1/4
effective_cache_size=12GB # 调整为与内存一样大, 或者略小(减去shared_buffer)

vi /data/pgsql/data/postgres.conf
#-------------------------------------------
# 一、连接认证 CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#-------------------------------------------#若要允许其他IP地址访问该主机数据库，则必须listen_addresses为*
listen_addresses = '*'
port = 5433
cluster_name = 'node01'
max_connections = 3000
superuser_reserved_connections = 20
unix_socket_directories = '.'
unix_socket_permissions = 0700
#bonjour = off
#bonjour_name = ''
idle_session_timeout=300000
# - TCP settings -
tcp_keepalives_idle = 30                                #51cto:60
tcp_keepalives_interval = 10            #51cto:10
tcp_keepalives_count = 10                               #51cto:6
#tcp_user_timeout = 0# - Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min          # 1s-600s
#password_encryption = md5              #默认为md5加密，
#db_user_namespace = off# GSSAPI using Kerberos
#krb_server_keyfile = 'FILE:${sysconfdir}/krb5.keytab'
#krb_caseins_users = off# - SSL -
#ssl = off
#ssl_ca_file = ''
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
#ssl_crl_file = ''
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
#ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
#ssl_min_protocol_version = 'TLSv1'
#ssl_max_protocol_version = ''
#ssl_dh_params_file = ''
#ssl_passphrase_command = ''
#ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload = off#----------------------------------------
# 二、资源使用 RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#----------------------------------------# - Memory -
shared_buffers = 1GB                  # 物理内存的1/4
#huge_pages = try                     # on, off, or try
#temp_buffers = 8MB                   #保持默认
work_mem = 32MB                       #建议32M或者64M
maintenance_work_mem = 512MB          #索引维护或者ddl时用到，建议512M或者1G
autovacuum_work_mem = 512MB
#max_stack_depth = 2MB                # min 100kB# - Disk -
#temp_file_limit = -1                   # limits per-process temp file space# in kB, or -1 for no limit
# - Kernel Resources -
#max_files_per_process = 1000           # min 25# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
#vacuum_cost_delay = 0                  # 0-100 milliseconds (0 disables)
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1               # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10             # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20            # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200                # 1-10000 credits# - Background Writer -
bgwriter_delay = 10ms                 # 10-10000ms,默认200ms,
bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 1000            # 默认100,
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0          # 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round
#bgwriter_flush_after = 512kB           # measured in pages, 0 disables# - Asynchronous Behavior -
#effective_io_concurrency = 1           # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
max_worker_processes = 20               #默认8,性能不足时增加
#max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 2   # taken from max_parallel_workers
#max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2    # taken from max_parallel_workers
#parallel_leader_participation = on
#max_parallel_workers = 8               # maximum number of max_worker_processes that# can be used in parallel operations
#old_snapshot_threshold = -1            # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate
#backend_flush_after = 0                # measured in pages, 0 disables#--------------------------
# 三、WAL(WRITE-AHEAD LOG)
#--------------------------# - Settings -
wal_level = logical                    # 默认replica,修改为logical，便于逻辑复制
#fsync = on
synchronous_commit = off                # off,local,remote_write, or on
wal_sync_method = open_datasync      # 使用pg_test_fsync测试wal所在磁盘的fsync接口, ���用性能好的。默认值为fsync,后期在关注。
#full_page_writes = on                  # recover from partial page writes
#wal_compression = off                  # enable compression of full-page writes
wal_log_hints = on                    # 默认off,# (change requires restart)
#wal_init_zero = on                     # zero-fill new WAL files
#wal_recycle = on                       # recycle WAL files
wal_buffers = 16MB        # -1 sets based on shared_buffers# (change requires restart)
wal_writer_delay = 10ms                 # 默认200ms
#wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB           # measured in pages, 0 disables#commit_delay = 0                       # range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5                    # range 1-1000# - Checkpoints -
checkpoint_timeout = 20min              # range 30s-1d，默认5min,
max_wal_size = 2GB                                                                                      #最大保留的wal文件，51cto建议10GB
min_wal_size = 512MB
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.8     # 默认0.5,日志文件达到1GB*0.8时触发checkpoint。即max_wal_size * checkpoint_completion_target的值
#checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB         # measured in pages, 0 disables
#checkpoint_warning = 30s               # 0 disables# - Archiving -
#archive_mode = on
#archive_command = '/bin/true'
#archive_timeout = 0# - Archive Recovery -
#restore_command = ''           # command to use to restore an archived
#archive_cleanup_command = ''   # command to execute at every restartpoint
#recovery_end_command = ''      # command to execute at completion of recovery# - Recovery Target -# Set these only when performing a targeted recovery.#recovery_target = ''           # 'immediate' to end recovery as soon as a# consistent state is reached# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_name = ''      # the named restore point to which recovery will proceed# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_time = ''      # the time stamp up to which recovery will proceed# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_xid = ''       # the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_lsn = ''       # the WAL LSN up to which recovery will proceed# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_inclusive = on # Specifies whether to stop:# just after the specified recovery target (on)# just before the recovery target (off)# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'    # 'current', 'latest', or timeline ID# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_action = 'pause'       # 'pause', 'promote', 'shutdown'# (change requires restart)#---------------------
# 四、复制 REPLICATION
#---------------------# - Sending Servers -
# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.max_wal_senders = 32           # 默认10
wal_keep_size=20000        #所有redo文件总大小设置为20G
#wal_sender_timeout = 60s       # in milliseconds; 0 disables
max_replication_slots = 32     # 默认10,逻辑复制相关
#track_commit_timestamp = off   # collect timestamp of transaction commit# - Master Server -   主库
# These settings are ignored on a standby server.synchronous_standby_names = '*'
#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0       #默认0# - Standby Servers -   从库
# These settings are ignored on a master server.#primary_conninfo = ''                  # connection string to sending server
#primary_slot_name = ''                 # replication slot on sending server
#promote_trigger_file = ''
#hot_standby = on                       #默认开启,
max_standby_archive_delay = 300s        #默认30s,
max_standby_streaming_delay = 300s      #默认30s,
wal_receiver_status_interval = 1s       #默认10s,
hot_standby_feedback = on
#以上参数的意义，从库在执行一个大查询时，主库突然在该表执行delete，此时从库会发现事务ID给主库，master延迟进行autocuum操作。
#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s             # time that receiver waits for# communication from master# in milliseconds; 0 disables
#wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s       # time to wait before retrying to# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt
#recovery_min_apply_delay = 0           # minimum delay for applying changes during recovery# - Subscribers -
# These settings are ignored on a publisher.#max_logical_replication_workers = 4    # taken from max_worker_processes# (change requires restart)
#max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2  # taken from max_logical_replication_workers#-------------------------
# 五、查询优化 QUERY TUNING
#-------------------------# - Planner Method Configuration -
#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_indexonlyscan = on
#enable_material = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_parallel_append = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on
#enable_partitionwise_join = off
#enable_partitionwise_aggregate = off
#enable_parallel_hash = on
#enable_partition_pruning = on# - Planner Cost Constants -
#seq_page_cost = 1.0                    # measured on an arbitrary scale
random_page_cost = 1.3                 #默认4.0
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01                  # same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005           # same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025             # same scale as above
#parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1              # same scale as above
#parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0   # same scale as above#jit_above_cost = 100000                # perform JIT compilation if available# and query more expensive than this;# -1 disables
#jit_inline_above_cost = 500000         # inline small functions if query is# more expensive than this; -1 disables
#jit_optimize_above_cost = 500000       # use expensive JIT optimizations if# query is more expensive than this;# -1 disables#min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB
#min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB
effective_cache_size = 4GB      # 调整为与内存一样大, 或者略小(减去shared_buffer)# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5                        # range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0                     # selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0                   # selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0              # range 1.5-2.0
#geqo_seed = 0.0                        # range 0.0-1.0# - Other Planner Options -
#default_statistics_target = 100        # range 1-10000
#constraint_exclusion = partition       # on, off, or partition
#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1            # range 0.0-1.0
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8                # 1 disables collapsing of explicit# JOIN clauses
#force_parallel_mode = off
#jit = on                               # allow JIT compilation
#plan_cache_mode = auto                 # auto, force_generic_plan or# force_custom_plan#---------------------------------------
# 六、错误报告和日志 REPORTING AND LOGGING
#---------------------------------------# - Where to Log -
log_destination = 'stderr'        #默认stderr
logging_collector = on           #默认off# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
#log_directory = 'log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'      #每天生成一个，保存最近7天的日志
#log_file_mode = 0600
log_truncate_on_rotation = on                   #默认off
log_rotation_age = 1d                                   #日志文件每天截断一次
log_rotation_size = 0               #日志截断不限大小# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
#syslog_sequence_numbers = on
#syslog_split_messages = on# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
# (change requires restart)
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'# - When to Log -
#log_min_messages = warning             #info、warning、error
#log_min_error_statement = error        #info、warning、error
log_min_duration_statement = 1000       #记录超过1s的慢日志，单位毫秒
#log_transaction_sample_rate = 0.0      # Fraction of transactions whose statements# are logged regardless of their duration. 1.0 logs all# statements from all transactions, 0.0 never logs.# - What to Log -
#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
log_checkpoints = on
log_connections = on
log_disconnections = on
#log_duration = off
log_error_verbosity = verbose          # terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
#log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] '           #
log_lock_waits = on                     #记录锁等待
log_statement = 'ddl'                  # none, ddl, mod, all
#log_replication_commands = off
log_temp_files = 0
log_timezone = 'PRC'#-------------------------
# 七、运行统计 STATISTICS
#-------------------------# - Query and Index Statistics Collector -
#track_activities = on
#track_counts = on
#track_io_timing = off
#track_functions = none                 # none, pl, all
track_activity_query_size = 2048        #默认为1024
#stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'# - Monitoring -
#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off#----------------
# 八、AUTOVACUUM
#----------------#autovacuum = on
log_autovacuum_min_duration = 0         # 默认-1,即关闭
autovacuum_max_workers = 10             #默认3
autovacuum_naptime = 30s                #默认1min
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50       # min number of row updates before
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50      # min number of row updates before
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.1    #默认0.2
autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.2  #默认0.1
autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 1600000000  #默认200000000
autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 1600000000    #默认400000000
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 2ms     # default vacuum cost delay for# autovacuum, in milliseconds;# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1      # default vacuum cost limit for# autovacuum, -1 means use# vacuum_cost_limit#----------------------------------------------
# 九、客户端连接默认值 CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#----------------------------------------------# - Statement Behavior -
#client_min_messages = notice           # notice、warning、error
#search_path = '"$user", public'        # schema names
#row_security = on
#default_tablespace = ''                # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
#temp_tablespaces = ''                  # a list of tablespace names, '' uses# only default tablespace
#default_table_access_method = 'heap'
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
#default_transaction_deferrable = off
#session_replication_role = 'origin'
#statement_timeout = 0                  # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#lock_timeout = 0                       # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0        # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
vacuum_freeze_table_age = 1500000000                                                    #默认150000000
#vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 1500000000          #默认150000000
#vacuum_cleanup_index_scale_factor = 0.1
#bytea_output = 'hex'                   # hex, escape
#xmlbinary = 'base64'
#xmloption = 'content'
#gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0
#gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB# - Locale and Formatting -datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'                                      #默认PRC
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default'     # Select the set of available time zone# abbreviations.  Currently, there are#   Default#   Australia (historical usage)#   India# You can create your own file in# share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 1                 # min -15, max 3; any value >0 actually# selects precise output mode
#client_encoding = sql_ascii            # actually, defaults to database# encoding# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
lc_messages = 'en_US.utf8'                      # locale for system error message# strings
lc_monetary = 'en_US.utf8'                      # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.utf8'                       # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.utf8'                          # locale for time formatting# default configuration for text search
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'# - Shared Library Preloading -
# 第三方共享库，如repmgr
shared_preload_libraries = 'auth_delay,passwordcheck,pg_stat_statements,auto_explain'
#local_preload_libraries = ''
#session_preload_libraries = ''
#jit_provider = 'llvmjit'               # JIT library to use# - Other Defaults -#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'#---------------------------
# 十、锁管理 LOCK MANAGEMENT
#---------------------------#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64         # min 10# (change requires restart)
#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64    # min 10# (change requires restart)
#max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2       # negative values mean# (max_pred_locks_per_transaction#  / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
#max_pred_locks_per_page = 2            # min 0###第三方插件库
# pg_stat_statements  SQL性能统计
shared_preload_libraries = 'passwordcheck,pg_stat_statements,auto_explain'#auto_explain模块记录慢日志，详细配置如下
auto_explain.log_min_duration = 5000
auto_explain.log_analyze = true
auto_explain.log_verbose = true
auto_explain.log_buffers = true
auto_explain.log_nested_statements = true################# 需要调整的参数 ###################
###基础配置
cluster_name='repmgr01'                 #实例名称
port=5433
shared_buffers=4GB                        # 物理内存的1/4
effective_cache_size=12GB       # 调整为与内存一样大, 或者略小(减去shared_buffer)###流复制
archive_mode='on'
archive_command='test ! -f /data/pgsql/archive/%f && cp %p /data/pgsql/archive/%f'
restore_command='cp /data/pgsql/archive/%f %p'synchronous_commit=off  # 异步流
recovery_target_timeline='latest'               #存档中找到的最新时间轴

pg_hba.conf 文件

vi /data/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
......
#allow login ips
host    all             all             192.168.0.0/24     	md5
#reject super user remote login
host    all             postgres        0.0.0.0/0               md5

10.1 pg 服务启动

[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ pg_ctl start
waiting for server to start....2023-12-25 15:49:05.269 CST [34151] LOG:  00000: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2023-12-25 15:49:05.269 CST [34151] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
2023-12-25 15:49:05.269 CST [34151] LOCATION:  SysLogger_Start, syslogger.c:674done
server started

10.2 查看实例进程

[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ ps -aux | grep postgres
root      34127  0.0  0.0 192044  2460 pts/0    S    15:48   0:00 su - postgres
postgres  34128  0.0  0.0 115668  2140 pts/0    S    15:48   0:00 -bash
postgres  34151  0.0  5.3 4649140 208040 ?      Ss   15:49   0:00 /data/pgsql/install/bin/postgres
postgres  34152  0.0  0.0 189100  1680 ?        Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: logger
postgres  34154  0.0  0.0 4649140 1732 ?        Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: checkpointer
postgres  34155  0.0  0.9 4649920 36536 ?       Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: background writer
postgres  34156  0.0  0.4 4649140 18052 ?       Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: walwriter
postgres  34157  0.0  0.0 4651884 2952 ?        Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: autovacuum launcher
postgres  34158  0.0  0.0 4649140 1732 ?        Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: archiver
postgres  34159  0.0  0.0 191360  1844 ?        Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: stats collector
postgres  34160  0.0  0.0 4651836 2488 ?        Ss   15:49   0:00 postgres: repmgr01: logical replication launcher
postgres  34172  0.0  0.0 155448  1876 pts/0    R+   15:53   0:00 ps -aux
postgres  34173  0.0  0.0 112828   992 pts/0    S+   15:53   0:00 grep --color=auto postgres

10.3 超级用户登录

[postgres@pgserver01 ~]$ psql -U postgres -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5433
psql (14.7)
Type "help" for help.postgres=#

因为环境变量配置了 PGUSER=postgres, PGPORT=5433,PGHOST=127.0.0.1 ，所以可以使用下面命令登录

psql

10.4 登录验证

postgres=# select version();version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PostgreSQL 14.7 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44), 64-bit
(1 row)postgres=# select current_date;current_date
--------------2023-12-25
(1 row)postgres=# select current_user;current_user
--------------postgres
(1 row)postgres=# show port;port
------5433
(1 row)postgres=# select * from pg_database;oid  |  datname  | datdba | encoding | datcollate |  datctype  | datistemplate | datallowconn | datconnlimit | datlastsysoid | datfrozenxid | datminmxid | dattablespace |               datacl-------+-----------+--------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+------------+---------------+----------------------------------
---13892 | postgres  |     10 |        6 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         13891 |          727 |          1 |          1663 |1 | template1 |     10 |        6 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | t             | t            |           -1 |         13891 |          727 |          1 |          1663 | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgre
s}13891 | template0 |     10 |        6 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | t             | f            |           -1 |         13891 |          727 |          1 |          1663 | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgre
s}
(3 rows)

10.5 创建数据库、表以及用户测试

postgres=# create database test;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# select datname from pg_database;datname
-----------postgrestesttemplate1template0
(4 rows)postgres=# \c test;
You are now connected to database "test" as user "postgres".
test=# create table testtbs(name varchar(30));
CREATE TABLE
test=# insert into testtbs values('测试');
INSERT 0 1
test=# select * from testtbs;name
------测试
(1 row)test=#

删除操作

test=# drop table testtbs;
DROP TABLE
test=# \c postgres;
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres".
postgres=# drop database test;
DROP DATABASE
postgres=# select datname from pg_database;datname
-----------postgrestemplate1template0
(3 rows)postgres=#

11、至此PG单机环境部署完成。