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openssl的 openssl.cnf配置文件详解

news 文章来源：https://blog.csdn.net/yeyuningzi/article/details/135294481 2025/1/12 8:46:47

背景：在上一篇文中，提到要写一篇openssl 配置文件详解的，这就来了~~~

find / -name openssl.cnf

/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf，该文件主要设置了证书请求、签名、crl相关的配置。主要相关的伪命令为ca和req。。

该文件从功能结构上分为4个段落：默认段、ca相关的段、req相关的段、tsa相关的段。每个段中都以name=value的格式定义.

以下是我将文件分段摘抄出来，并进行解释的：

默认段：

# OpenSSL example configuration file.

# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't

# defined. 定义当前目录变量，以及随机数的文件路径变量

HOME = .

RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:

#oid_file = $ENV::HOME/.oid

oid_section = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the

# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the

# X.509v3 extensions to use:

# extensions =

# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only

# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.

# Add a simple OID like this:

# testoid1=1.2.3.4

# Or use config file substitution like this:

# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

# Policies used by the TSA examples.

tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1

tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6

tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

CA段：

####################################################################

[ ca ]

default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section

####################################################################

[ CA_default ]

dir = /etc/pki/CA # Where everything is kept

certs = $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept已颁发的证书路径即CA或者自签的

crl_dir = $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept 已颁发的crl存放目录

database = $dir/index.txt # database index file.

#unique_subject = no # Set to 'no' to allow creation of

# several ctificates with same subject.

new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs.将来颁发的证书存放路径

certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate CA自己的证书文件

serial = $dir/serial # The current serial number提供序列号的文件路径

crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number 当前crl序列号

# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL

crl = $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL 当前crl文件

private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key 签名时需要的私钥即CA自己的私钥

RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # private random number file 提供随机数的文件

x509_extensions = usr_cert # The extentions to add to the cert添加到证书中的扩展项

# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional" 证书展示格式，一般不用修改，使用默认即可

# (and highly broken) format.

name_opt = ca_default # Subject Name options

cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate field options

# Extension copying option: use with caution.扩展项的使用，需要谨慎生成证书时扩展项的扩展可复制属性copy_extensions，取值为none/copy或copyall。如不设置则默认为none,简单使用时设置为none或者不设置，不建议设置为copyall

# copy_extensions = copy

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs

# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.

# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.

# crl_extensions = crl_ext

default_days = 365 # how long to certify for 默认的证书有效期

default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL CRL的有效期

default_md = sha256 # use SHA-256 by default 默认摘要算法

preserve = no # keep passed DN ordering Distinguished Name顺序，一般设置为no

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look

# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional

# and supplied fields are just that :-)

policy = policy_match #证书匹配策略，对比的是[ policy_match ]

的设定

#证书匹配策略定义了证书请求的DN字段(field)被CA签署时和CA证书的匹配规则

# 对于CA证书请求，这些匹配规则必须要和父CA完全相同

# For the CA policy

[ policy_match ]

countryName = match #match表示请求中填写的Country字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配

stateOrProvinceName = match #match表示请求中填写的stateOrProvinceName字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配

organizationName = match #match表示请求中填写的organizationName字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配

organizationalUnitName = optional # optional表示生成证书请求文件时该organizationalUnitName字段可选

commonName = supplied # supplied 表示生成证书请求文件时该字段必须提供

emailAddress = optional

# For the 'anything' policy

# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'

#没有被引用的策略扩展就是被忽略的？？？（这个地方暂时没搞懂）

# types.

[ policy_anything ]

countryName = optional

stateOrProvinceName = optional

localityName = optional

organizationName = optional

organizationalUnitName = optional

commonName = supplied

emailAddress = optional

####################################################################

req 段：

####################################################################

[ req ]

default_bits = 2048 #生成的证书请求文件时的密钥长度（网上有的资料说是私钥的密钥长度，但我觉得应该是生成的证书请求文件的密钥长度）

default_md = sha256 #默认的证书请求签名时使用的加密算法

default_keyfile = privkey.pem #生成证书请求文件时默认使用的私钥存放位置如-new选项没指定-key时会自动创建私钥 -newkey选项也会自动创建私钥？？？

distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name #可识别的字段名(常被简称为DN，引用req_distinguished_name段的设置)

attributes = req_attributes #证书请求的属性，引用req_attributes段的设置，可以不设置它

x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert加入到自签证书中的扩展项

# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for

#输入和输出私钥文件的密码，如果该私钥文件有密码，不写该设置则会提示输入

# input_password = secret

# output_password = secret

# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.

# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.

# pkix : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)

# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).

# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).

# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.

# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.

string_mask = utf8only

# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

# req_distinguished_name 指定请求证书文件中的信息，可在配置文件中指定也可不在配置文件中指定。如果配置文件中没有指定，则需要在生成证书请求文件时输入，生成证书请求文件时的信息必须与CA的证书一致才可以

[ req_distinguished_name ]

countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)

countryName_default = XX

countryName_min = 2

countryName_max = 2

stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)

#stateOrProvinceName_default = Default Province

localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)

localityName_default = Default City

0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)

0.organizationName_default = Default Company Ltd

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)

#1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company)

#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)

#organizationalUnitName_default =

commonName = Common Name (eg, your name or your server\'s hostname)

commonName_max = 64

emailAddress = Email Address

emailAddress_max = 64

# SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ] /*某些特定软件的运行需要而设定的， */

/* 现在一般都不需要提供challengepassword */

/* 所以该段几乎用不上 */

/* 所以不用管这段 */

challengePassword = A challenge password

challengePassword_min = 4

challengePassword_max = 20

unstructuredName = An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software

# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted

# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.

# nsCertType = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.

# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical

# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:

# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.这个地方是设定证书使用范围的，对应的是通过证书查看器查看到的密钥用法信息当证书需要用于签名时，就需要证书的密钥用法为Digital Signature，如果只是其他的就不能用于签名，当要制作用于签名的证书时，需要开放此处

keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.

nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.

# Import the email address.

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't

# deprecated according to PKIX.

# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem

#nsBaseUrl

#nsRevocationUrl

#nsRenewalUrl

#nsCaPolicyUrl

#nsSslServerName

# This is required for TSA certificates. #以下是TSA证书所需要的

# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE

keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

[ v3_ca ]

# Extensions for a typical CA

# PKIX recommendation.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer

# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical

# extensions.

#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true

# So we do this instead.

basicConstraints = CA:true

# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will

# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best

# left out by default.

# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

# Some might want this also

# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA

# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# Copy issuer details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!

# obj=DER:02:03

# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object

# You can even override a supported extension:

# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF

[ crl_ext ]

# CRL extensions.

# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ proxy_cert_ext ]

# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software

# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted

# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.

# nsCertType = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.

# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical

# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:

# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.

# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.

nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.

# Import the email address.

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't

# deprecated according to PKIX.

# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem

#nsBaseUrl

#nsRevocationUrl

#nsRenewalUrl

#nsCaPolicyUrl

#nsSslServerName

# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.

proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo

####################################################################

默认段：

CA段：

req 段：

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