【Java开发】JUC进阶 05：函数式接口、ForkJoin

1 四大函数式接口

函数式接口：只有一个抽象方法的接口，只要是函数式接口，就可以用lambda表达式简化

例如Runnable：

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {public abstract void run();
}

框架底层大量应用函数式接口，用来简化编程模型。

1.1 Function

Function函数式接口：该接口用到两个参数，一个是输入参数，一个是输出参数

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {R apply(T t);
...
}

📌 demo

public class demo1 {public static void main(String[] args) {//匿名内部类Function function = new Function<String,String>(){@Overridepublic String apply(String s) {return s;}};//        //lambda表达式Function<String,String> function = (str) ->{return str;};System.out.println(function.apply("AAA"));}
}

1.2 Predicate

Predicate断定型接口：有一个输入参数，返回值只能是布尔值

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {boolean test(T t);
...
}

📌 demo

public class demo2 {public static void main(String[] args) {//判断字符串是否为空Predicate<String> predicate = new Predicate<String>() {@Overridepublic boolean test(String str) {return str.isEmpty();}};Predicate<String> predicate =(str)->{return str.isEmpty();};System.out.println(predicate.test(""));}
}

1.3 Predicate

Predicate消费型接口：只有输入，没有返回值

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {void accept(T t);
...
}

📌 demo

public class demo3 {public static void main(String[] args) {//匿名内部类Consumer<String> consumer = new Consumer<String>(){@Overridepublic void accept(String str) {System.out.println(str);}};//lambda表达式Consumer<String> consumer = (str)->{System.out.println(str);};consumer.accept("AAA");}
}

1.4 Predicate

Predicate供给型接口：没有参数，但有返回值

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {T get();
}

📌 demo

public class demo4 {public static void main(String[] args) {Supplier<String> supplier = new Supplier<String>() {@Overridepublic String get() {return "1024";}};Supplier<String> supplier = ()->{return "1024";};supplier.get();}
}

2 ForkJoin

📌 要点

• ForkJoin是JDK1.7之后推出，用来并行执行任务！用于提高效率，适用大数据量的场景。

• ForkJoin将复杂的计算当做一个任务，将其分解为多个计算并当做一个个子任务来并行执行

• 工作窃取：ForkJoin将某个大任务分解为若干互不依赖的子任务，这些子任务分别放到不同的队列里，每个队列创建一个单独的线程来执行队列里的任务，线程和队列一一对应；那么会出现这么一种情况：某些线程执行较快，其他线程则还在干活，因此工作窃取机制就来了--干完活的线程会从其他线程的队列里窃取一个任务来执行，同时双端队列允许两个线程同时访问一个线程。

📌 使用forkjoin

1. forkjoinPool通过它来执行

2. 计算任务forkjoinPool.execute(ForkJoinTask task)

3. 计算类继承RecursiveTask（RecursiveTask继承至ForkJoinTask）

//计算类
public class ForkJoinDemo extends RecursiveTask<Long> {private long start;private long end;//临界值private long temp = 10000L;public ForkJoinDemo(long start,long end){this.start = start;this.end = end;}@Overrideprotected Long compute() {if ((end-start)<temp){long sum = 0L;for (long i = start;i <= end;i++){sum += i;}return sum;}else {//forkjoinlong middle = (start+end)/2;//中间值ForkJoinDemo task1 = new ForkJoinDemo(start,middle);task1.fork();//拆分任务，把任务压入线程队列ForkJoinDemo task2 = new ForkJoinDemo(middle+1,end);task2.fork();//拆分任务，把任务压入线程队列return task1.join()+task2.join();}}
}

📌 求和三种方式

因为前两种方式我用的long数据类型，所以计算会快一些。

public class ForkJoinTest {public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {common(); //263forkJoin(); //140stream();//232}//1、普通程序员public static void common(){long sum = 0;long start = System.currentTimeMillis();for (long i = 1L; i <= 10_0000_0000; i++) {sum += i;}long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("sum = "+sum+" 时间："+(end - start));}//2、使用ForkJoinpublic static void forkJoin() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinDemo(1L,10_0000_0000L);ForkJoinTask<Long> submit =forkJoinPool.submit(task);long sum = submit.get();long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("sum = "+sum+" 时间："+(end - start));}//3、stream并行流public static void stream() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();//reduce:将流中元素反复结合起来，得到一个值,下边也可简化为.reduce(Long::sum)--调用Long类中的sum方法OptionalLong sum1 = LongStream.rangeClosed(1L,10_0000_0000L).parallel().reduce((a, b)->a+b);long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("sum = "+sum1.getAsLong()+" 时间："+(end - start));}
}