服务器新硬盘分区、格式化和挂载

参考文献

linux parted非交互式分区实例 —— 筑梦之路
Linux磁盘格式化(mkfs、mkfs.xfs、mkfs.ext4)、Linux文件系统的校验(xfs_repair、fsck_ext4)
【LINUX】磁盘分区、挂载
linux7磁盘挂载大于16T,CentOS6.5挂载超过16T的大容量存储空间，格式化为xfs
服务器硬盘安装配置及系统重装操作记录
服务器的硬盘不够大，导师新买了块用，安装的起点是这样子的

查看了一下起点现状

发现第二块没挂载了，但是是别人的硬盘，所以就先不管了。

(base) ~ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for cszx: 
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.Disk /dev/sda: 239.9 GB, 239902654464 bytes, 468559872 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: AD68530F-9D77-4143-91E1-D222825C2F10#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name1         2048       411647    200M  EFI System      EFI System Partition2       411648      2508799      1G  Microsoft basic 3      2508800    468557823  222.2G  Linux LVM       
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.Disk /dev/sdb: 239.9 GB, 239902654464 bytes, 468559872 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 2BB6EFDB-AB43-4872-B56F-88620F6AF0B3#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name1           34         2047   1007K  BIOS boot       2         2048      1050623    512M  EFI System      3      1050624    468559838  222.9G  Linux LVM       Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 180.6 GB, 180631896064 bytes, 352796672 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/pve-swap: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/pve-root: 59.6 GB, 59592671232 bytes, 116391936 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/pve-vm--105--disk--0: 4 MB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/pve-vm--105--disk--1: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mapper/pve-vm--105--disk--1p1               1  4294967295  2147483647+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.Disk /dev/sdc: 14000.5 GB, 14000519643136 bytes, 27344764928 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

分区

(base) ~ sudo parted /dev/sdc

[sudo] password for cszx:
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help’ to view a list of commands.

mklabel gpt（设置分区类型）

增加分区

mkpart primary 0% 25%
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary 25% 50%
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary 50% 75%
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary 75% 100%
两种命令的结果看上去一样，采用第一行的形式没有详细信息的输入

(parted) mklabel gpt                                                      
(parted) mkpart primary  0% 25%                                           
(parted) parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary  25% 50%                       align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignmenthelp [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMANDmklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partitionname NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAMEprint [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or aparticular partitionquit                                     exit programrescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and ENDresizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBERrm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBERselect DEVICE                            choose the device to editdisk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected devicedisk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected deviceset NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBERtoggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBERunit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNITversion                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Partedalign-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignmenthelp [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMANDmklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partitionname NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAMEprint [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or aparticular partitionquit                                     exit programrescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and ENDresizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBERrm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBERselect DEVICE                            choose the device to editdisk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected devicedisk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected deviceset NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBERtoggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBERunit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNITversion                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Partedalign-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignmenthelp [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMANDmklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partitionname NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAMEprint [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or aparticular partitionquit                                     exit programrescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and ENDresizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBERrm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBERselect DEVICE                            choose the device to editdisk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected devicedisk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected deviceset NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBERtoggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBERunit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNITversion                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted

可以了
查看

格式化

在parted内mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc/sdc1（失败）

(parted) mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc/sdc1                                           align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignmenthelp [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMANDmklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partitionname NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAMEprint [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or aparticular partitionquit                                     exit programrescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and ENDresizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBERrm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBERselect DEVICE                            choose the device to editdisk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected devicedisk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected deviceset NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBERtoggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBERunit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNITversion                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Partedalign-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignmenthelp [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMANDmklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partitionname NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAMEprint [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or aparticular partitionquit                                     exit programrescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and ENDresizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBERrm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBERselect DEVICE                            choose the device to editdisk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected devicedisk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected deviceset NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBERtoggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBERunit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNITversion                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted

需要先退出quit（可以）

(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc/sdc1（失败）

[sudo] password for cszx:
/dev/sdc/sdc1: Not a directory

sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1（成功。sdc1是硬盘标识符+分区号，和路径写法不同）

meta-data=/dev/sdc1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630912 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523648, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417247, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc2
sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc3
sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc4

(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc2
[sudo] password for cszx: 
meta-data=/dev/sdc2              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630976 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523904, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417248, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
^[[A%                                                                                                                                      
(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc3
meta-data=/dev/sdc3              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630976 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523904, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417248, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc4
meta-data=/dev/sdc4              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630912 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523648, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417247, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
(base) / 

查看，可以了

挂载

创建用于挂载的文件夹

mkdir c1
mkdir c2
mkdir c3
mkdir c4

进行挂载 vi /etc/fstab（失败）

加入四行
/dev/sdc1 /home/cszx/c1 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc2 /home/cszx/c2 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc3 /home/cszx/c3 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc4 /home/cszx/c4 xfs defaults 0 0
保存并退出:wq!
报错"/etc/fstab" E212: Can’t open file for writing
原因是权限不够，退出:q!

sudo vi /etc/fstab使用超级管理员权限再进行一遍上面操作

保存并退出:wq!

加载 sudo mount -a

查看

成功了。
发现需要使用sudo权限，mkdir: cannot create directory ‘zgp’: Permission denied

设置文件夹权限：

sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c1
sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c2
sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c3
sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c4