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ArcGIS Pro SDK （九）几何 12 多面体

环境：Visual Studio 2022 + .NET6 + ArcGIS Pro SDK 3.0

1 通过拉伸多边形或折线构建多面体

// 构建一个多边形
string json = "{\"hasZ\":true,\"rings\":[[[0,0,0],[0,1,0],[1,1,0],[1,0,0],[0,0,0]]],\"spatialReference\":{\"wkid\":4326}}";
Polygon polygon = PolygonBuilderEx.FromJson(json);// 通过偏移量拉伸多边形以创建多面体
Multipatch multipatch = GeometryEngine.Instance.ConstructMultipatchExtrude(polygon, 2);// 一个不同的多边形
json = "{\"hasZ\":true,\"rings\":[[[0,0,1],[0,1,2],[1,1,3],[1,0,4],[0,0,1]]],\"spatialReference\":{\"wkid\":4326}}";
polygon = PolygonBuilderEx.FromJson(json);// 在 z 值之间拉伸以创建多面体
multipatch = GeometryEngine.Instance.ConstructMultipatchExtrudeFromToZ(polygon, -10, 20);// 沿着由坐标定义的轴拉伸以创建多面体
Coordinate3D coord = new Coordinate3D(10, 18, -10);
multipatch = GeometryEngine.Instance.ConstructMultipatchExtrudeAlongVector3D(polygon, coord);// 构建一条折线
json = "{\"hasZ\":true,\"paths\":[[[400,800,1000],[800,1400,1500],[1200,800,2000],[1800,1800,2500],[2200,800,3000]]],\"spatialReference\":{\"wkid\":3857}}";
Polyline polyline = PolylineBuilderEx.FromJson(json);// 拉伸到特定 z 值以创建多面体
multipatch = GeometryEngine.Instance.ConstructMultipatchExtrudeToZ(polyline, 500);Coordinate3D fromCoord = new Coordinate3D(50, 50, -500);
Coordinate3D toCoord = new Coordinate3D(200, 50, 1000);// 在两个坐标之间拉伸以创建多面体
multipatch = GeometryEngine.Instance.ConstructMultipatchExtrudeAlongLine(polyline, fromCoord, toCoord);

2 多面体属性

// 标准几何属性
bool hasZ = multipatch.HasZ;
bool hasM = multipatch.HasM;
bool hasID = multipatch.HasID;
bool isEmpty = multipatch.IsEmpty;
var sr = multipatch.SpatialReference;// 补丁（部分）的数量
int patchCount = multiPatch.PartCount;
// 点的数量
int pointCount = multiPatch.PointCount;// 作为 MapPoints 获取点
ReadOnlyPointCollection points = multipatch.Points;
// 或作为 3D 坐标获取点
IReadOnlyList<Coordinate3D> coordinates = multipatch.Copy3DCoordinatesToList();// 多面体材料
bool hasMaterials = multiPatch.HasMaterials;
int materialCount = multiPatch.MaterialCount;// 多面体纹理
bool hasTextures = multiPatch.HasTextures;
int textureVertexCount = multiPatch.TextureVertexCount;// 法线
bool hasNormals = multiPatch.HasNormals;// 单个补丁的属性（如果 multipatch.PartCount > 0）
int patchPriority = multiPatch.GetPatchPriority(patchIndex);
PatchType patchType = multiPatch.GetPatchType(patchIndex);// 补丁点
int patchPointCount = multiPatch.GetPatchPointCount(patchIndex);
int pointStartIndex = multiPatch.GetPatchStartPointIndex(patchIndex);
// 补丁点是从 pointStartIndex 到 pointStartIndex + patchPointCount 的 multipatch.Points 中的点 // 如果多面体有材料
if (hasMaterials)
{// 补丁是否有材料？//   如果补丁没有材料，则 materialIndex = -1；//   如果补丁有材料，则 0 <= materialIndex < materialCountint materialIndex = multipatch.GetPatchMaterialIndex(patchIndex);// 单个材料的属性（如果 multipatch.MaterialCount > 0）var color = multipatch.GetMaterialColor(materialIndex);var edgeColor = multipatch.GetMaterialEdgeColor(materialIndex);var edgeWidth = multipatch.GetMaterialEdgeWidth(materialIndex);var shiness = multipatch.GetMaterialShininess(materialIndex);var percent = multipatch.GetMaterialTransparencyPercent(materialIndex);var cullBackFace = multipatch.IsMaterialCullBackFace(materialIndex);// 纹理属性bool isTextured = multipatch.IsMaterialTextured(materialIndex);if (isTextured){int columnCount = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureColumnCount(materialIndex);int rowCount = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureRowCount(materialIndex);int bpp = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureBytesPerPixel(materialIndex);TextureCompressionType compressionType = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureCompressionType(materialIndex);var texture = multipatch.GetMaterialTexture(materialIndex);}
}// 纹理坐标（如果 multipatch.HasTextures = true）
if (hasTextures)
{int numPatchTexturePoints = multiPatch.GetPatchTextureVertexCount(patchIndex);var coordinate2D = multiPatch.GetPatchTextureCoordinate(patchIndex, 0);ICollection<Coordinate2D> textureCoordinates = new List<Coordinate2D>(numPatchTexturePoints);multiPatch.GetPatchTextureCoordinates(patchIndex, ref textureCoordinates);
}// 补丁法线（如果 multipatch.HasNormals = true）
if (hasNormals)
{// 法线坐标的数量 = multipatch.GetPatchPointCount(patchIndex)Coordinate3D patchNormal = multipatch.GetPatchNormal(patchIndex, 0);ICollection<Coordinate3D> normalCoordinates = new List<Coordinate3D>(patchPointCount);multipatch.GetPatchNormals(patchIndex, ref normalCoordinates);
}

3 构建多面体

// 导出为二进制 XML
string binaryXml = multiPatch.ToBinaryXml();// 从二进制 XML 导入 - 方法需要在 MCT 上运行
Multipatch binaryMultipatch = MultipatchBuilderEx.FromBinaryXml(binaryXml);// XML 导出/导入
string xml = multiPatch.ToXml();
Multipatch xmlMultipatch = MultipatchBuilderEx.FromXml(xml);// esriShape 导出/导入
byte[] buffer = multiPatch.ToEsriShape();
Multipatch esriPatch = MultipatchBuilderEx.FromEsriShape(buffer);// 或者使用 GeometryEngine
Multipatch patchImport = GeometryEngine.Instance.ImportFromEsriShape(EsriShapeImportFlags.EsriShapeImportDefaults, buffer, multiPatch.SpatialReference) as Multipatch;

4 通过MultipatchBuilderEx构建多面体

var coords_face1 = new List<Coordinate3D>()
{new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071,41.902603910000039,62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071,41.902603910000039,59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071,41.902576344000067,59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071,41.902603910000039,62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071,41.902576344000067,59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071,41.902576344000067,62.552700000000186),
};var coords_face2 = new List<Coordinate3D>()
{new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902576344000067, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),
};var coords_face3 = new List<Coordinate3D>()
{new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 62.552700000000186),
};var coords_face4 = new List<Coordinate3D>()
{new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902576344000067, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),
};var coords_face5 = new List<Coordinate3D>()
{new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902603910000039, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 59.504700000004959),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902603910000039, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 62.552700000000186),
};var coords_face6 = new List<Coordinate3D>()
{new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902603910000039, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902603910000039, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495461061000071, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),new Coordinate3D(12.495488442000067, 41.902576344000067, 62.552700000000186),
};var materialRed = new BasicMaterial();
materialRed.Color = System.Windows.Media.Colors.Red;var materialTransparent = new BasicMaterial();
materialTransparent.Color = System.Windows.Media.Colors.White;
materialTransparent.TransparencyPercent = 80;var blueTransparent = new BasicMaterial(materialTransparent);
blueTransparent.Color = System.Windows.Media.Colors.SkyBlue;// 创建补丁对象列表
var patches = new List<Patch>();// 创建多面体构建器对象
var mpb = new ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx();// 使用适当的坐标制作每个补丁并添加到补丁列表中
var patch = mpb.MakePatch(PatchType.Triangles);
patch.Coords = coords_face1;
patches.Add(patch);patch = mpb.MakePatch(PatchType.Triangles);
patch.Coords = coords_face2;
patches.Add(patch);patch = mpb.MakePatch(PatchType.Triangles);
patch.Coords = coords_face3;
patches.Add(patch);patch = mpb.MakePatch(PatchType.Triangles);
patch.Coords = coords_face4;
patches.Add(patch);patch = mpb.MakePatch(PatchType.Triangles);
patch.Coords = coords_face5;
patches.Add(patch);patch = mpb.MakePatch(PatchType.Triangles);
patch.Coords = coords_face6;
patches.Add(patch);patches[0].Material = materialRed;
patches[1].Material = materialTransparent;
patches[2].Material = materialRed;
patches[3].Material = materialRed;
patches[4].Material = materialRed;
patches[5].Material = blueTransparent;// 将补丁分配给多面体构建器
mpb.Patches = patches;// 检查哪些补丁当前包含该材料
var red = mpb.QueryPatchIndicesWithMaterial(materialRed);
//   red should be [0, 2, 3, 4]// 调用geometry函数获取多面体
multipatch = mpb.ToGeometry() as Multipatch;

5 从另一个多面体构建多面体

// 创建多面体构建器对象
var builder = new ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx(multipatch);// 检查一些属性
bool hasM = builder.HasM;
bool hasZ = builder.HasZ;
bool hasID = builder.HasID;
bool isEmpty = builder.IsEmpty;
bool hasNormals = builder.HasNormals;var patches = builder.Patches;
int patchCount = patches.Count;// 如果有补丁
if (patchCount > 0)
{int pointCount = builder.GetPatchPointCount(0);// 替换第一个补丁中的第一个点if (pointCount > 0){// 获取第一个点var pt = builder.GetPoint(0, 0);builder.SetPoint(0, 0, newPoint);}// 检查当前包含纹理的补丁var texture = builder.QueryPatchIndicesWithTexture(brickTextureResource);// 分配纹理材质patches[0].Material = brickMaterialTexture;
}// 更新builder以支持M值
builder.HasM = true;
// 同步补丁属性以匹配builder属性
// 在这种情况下，因为我们刚刚将HasM设置为true，每个补丁现在都将为其坐标集获取一个默认的M值
builder.SynchronizeAttributeAwareness();// 调用ToGeometry获取多面体
multipatch = builder.ToGeometry() as Multipatch;// multipatch.HasM 将为 true

6 从 3D 模型文件构建多面体

try
{var model = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.From3DModelFile(@"c:\Temp\My3dModelFile.dae");bool modelIsEmpty = model.IsEmpty;
}
catch (FileNotFoundException)
{// 文件未找到
}
catch (ArgumentException)
{// 文件扩展名不受支持或无法读取文件
}

7 构建 3D 特殊多面体形状

var sr = MapView.Active.Map.SpatialReference;var extent = MapView.Active.Extent;
var center = extent.Center;
var centerZ = MapPointBuilderEx.CreateMapPoint(center.X, center.Y, 500, sr);// 立方体
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.Cube, centerZ, 200, sr);
// 四面体
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.Tetrahedron, centerZ, 200, sr);
// 菱形
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.Diamond, centerZ, 200, sr);
// 六角形
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.Hexagon, centerZ, 200, sr);// 球体框架
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.SphereFrame, centerZ, 200, 0.8, sr);
// 球体
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.Sphere, centerZ, 200, 0.8, sr);
// 圆柱体
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.Cylinder, centerZ, 200, 0.8, sr);
// 圆锥体
multipatch = ArcGIS.Core.Geometry.MultipatchBuilderEx.CreateMultipatch(MultipatchConstructType.Cone, centerZ, 200, 0.8, sr);// 使用builder添加材料或纹理
// 创建一个带有材料的圆锥体
builder = new MultipatchBuilderEx(MultipatchConstructType.Cone, centerZ, 200, 0.8, sr);BasicMaterial faceMaterial = new BasicMaterial();
faceMaterial.Color = System.Windows.Media.Color.FromRgb(255, 0, 0);
faceMaterial.Shininess = 150;
faceMaterial.TransparencyPercent = 50;
faceMaterial.EdgeWidth = 20;foreach (var patch in builder.Patches)patch.Material = faceMaterial;multipatch = builder.ToGeometry() as Multipatch;

8 创建基本材料

// 使用默认值创建BasicMaterial
BasicMaterial material = new BasicMaterial();
System.Windows.Media.Color color = material.Color;         // color = Colors.Black
System.Windows.Media.Color edgeColor = material.EdgeColor; // edgeColor = Colors.Black
int edgeWidth = material.EdgeWidth;                        // edgeWidth = 0
int transparency = material.TransparencyPercent;           // transparency = 0
int shininess = material.Shininess;                        // shininess = 0
bool cullBackFace = material.IsCullBackFace;               // cullBackFace = false// 修改属性
material.Color = System.Windows.Media.Colors.Red;
material.EdgeColor = System.Windows.Media.Colors.Blue;
material.EdgeWidth = 10;
material.TransparencyPercent = 50;
material.Shininess = 25;
material.IsCullBackFace = true;

9 使用 JPEG 纹理创建基本材质

// 将jpeg读取到缓冲区中
// 在3.0版本中需要https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility
// System.Drawing
System.Drawing.Image image = System.Drawing.Image.FromFile(@"C:\temp\myImageFile.jpg");
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat format = System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg;
image.Save(memoryStream, format);
byte[] imageBuffer = memoryStream.ToArray();var jpgTexture = new JPEGTexture(imageBuffer);// 纹理属性
int bpp = jpgTexture.BytesPerPixel;
int columnCount = jpgTexture.ColumnCount;
int rowCount = jpgTexture.RowCount;// 构建textureResource和material
BasicMaterial material = new BasicMaterial();
material.TextureResource = new TextureResource(jpgTexture);

10 使用未压缩纹理创建基本材质

UncompressedTexture uncompressedTexture1 = new UncompressedTexture(new byte[10 * 12 * 3], 10, 12, 3);// 纹理属性
int bpp = uncompressedTexture1.BytesPerPixel;
int columnCount = uncompressedTexture1.ColumnCount;
int rowCount = uncompressedTexture1.RowCount;// 构建textureResource和material
TextureResource tr = new TextureResource(uncompressedTexture1);
BasicMaterial material = new BasicMaterial();
material.TextureResource = tr;

11 获取多面体的纹理图像

// <summary>
// 此方法获取多面体的材料纹理图像。
// 此方法必须在MCT上调用。使用QueuedTask.Run。
// </summary>
// <param name="multipatch">输入的多面体。</param>
// <param name="patchIndex">获取材料纹理的补丁（部分）索引。</param>
public void GetMultipatchTextureImage(Multipatch multipatch, int patchIndex)
{int materialIndex = multipatch.GetPatchMaterialIndex(patchIndex);if (!multipatch.IsMaterialTextured(materialIndex))return;TextureCompressionType compressionType = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureCompressionType(materialIndex);string ext = compressionType == TextureCompressionType.CompressionJPEG ? ".jpg" : ".dat";byte[] textureBuffer = multipatch.GetMaterialTexture(materialIndex);Stream imageStream = new MemoryStream(textureBuffer);System.Drawing.Image image = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(imageStream);image.Save(@"C:\temp\myImage" + ext);
}

12 获取多面体的法线坐标

// <summary>
// 此方法获取多面体的法线坐标并执行一些操作。
// 此方法必须在MCT上调用。使用QueuedTask.Run。
// </summary>
// <param name="multipatch">输入的多面体。</param>
// <param name="patchIndex">获取法线的补丁（部分）索引。</param>
public void DoSomethingWithNormalCoordinate(Multipatch multipatch, int patchIndex)
{if (multipatch.HasNormals){// 如果多面体有法线，则法线数量等于点的数量。int numNormals = multipatch.GetPatchPointCount(patchIndex);for (int pointIndex = 0; pointIndex < numNormals; pointIndex++){Coordinate3D normal = multipatch.GetPatchNormal(patchIndex, pointIndex);// 对法线坐标进行一些操作。}}
}

13 获取多面体的法线

// <summary>
// 此方法获取多面体的法线坐标并执行一些操作。
// 此方法必须在MCT上调用。使用QueuedTask.Run。
// </summary>
// <param name="multipatch">输入的多面体。</param>
public void DoSomethingWithNormalCoordinates(Multipatch multipatch)
{if (multipatch.HasNormals){// 只分配一次列表int numPoints = multipatch.PointCount;ICollection<Coordinate3D> normals = new List<Coordinate3D>(numPoints);// 多面体的部分也称为补丁int numPatches = multipatch.PartCount;for (int patchIndex = 0; patchIndex < numPatches; patchIndex++){multipatch.GetPatchNormals(patchIndex, ref normals);// 对这个补丁的法线进行一些操作。}}
}

14 获取多面体的材质属性

public void GetMaterialProperties(Multipatch multipatch, int patchIndex)
{if (multipatch.HasMaterials){// 获取指定补丁的材质索引。int materialIndex = multipatch.GetPatchMaterialIndex(patchIndex);System.Windows.Media.Color color = multipatch.GetMaterialColor(materialIndex);int tranparencyPercent = multipatch.GetMaterialTransparencyPercent(materialIndex);bool isBackCulled = multipatch.IsMaterialCullBackFace(materialIndex);if (multipatch.IsMaterialTextured(materialIndex)){int bpp = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureBytesPerPixel(materialIndex);int columnCount = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureColumnCount(materialIndex);int rowCount = multipatch.GetMaterialTextureRowCount(materialIndex);}}
}