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前言：本系列博客基于Spring Boot 2.6.x依赖的Spring Security5.6.x版本

上两篇文章介绍了Spring Security的整体架构以及认证和鉴权模块原理。本篇文章就是基于Spring Security和JWT的一个demo

一、JWT简介

JWT（JSON Web Token），是一种开放标准（RFC 7519），用于在网络应用环境间安全地传输信息。本质上是一个经过数字签名的JSON对象，能够携带并传递状态信息（如用户身份验证、授权等）

1.1、JWT的结构

JWT由三部分组成，通过点号（.）连接，这三部分分别是头部（Header）、载荷（Payload）和签名（Signature）。类似于xxxx.xxxx.xxxx格式。如下：

eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJMT0dJTl9USU1FIjoxNzIyMzEzMDg4NTU4LCJMT0dJTl9VU0VSIjoidXNlcjIiLCJleHAiOjE3MjIzMTY2ODh9.l-mw4sWCWvIrWSRHUPdiLlgH6tIFxbwx7KwUj0Ldf4CDbdOqQlDuj-x0y6zM4R84vmnRLBBDeH_oLRxx0rcNxQ

• Header：头部，声明了JWT的类型（通常是JWT）以及所使用的加密算法（例如HMAC SHA256或RSA）
• Payload：载荷，承载实际数据的部分，可以包含预定义的声明（如iss（签发者）、exp（过期时间）、sub（主题）等）以及其它自定义的数据。这些信息都是铭文的，但不建议存放敏感信息。
• Signature：签名，通过对前两部分进行编码后的信息，使用指定的密钥通过头部（Header）中声明的加密算法生成，拥有验证数据完整性和防止篡改。

这三部分单独使用base64编码后再通过点号（.）连接。

这里只简单介绍JWT，如果需要详细了解JWT的可以参考以下文章

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42753193/article/details/126294904
https://www.cnblogs.com/moonlightL/p/10020732.html
JWT官网

二、Spring Security+JWT认证授权流程代码代码实例

2.1、新建Springboot项目，引入JAR包

新建好Springboot项目，引入用到的jar包
pom文件（只写出了dependencies）：

	<!--Springboot父工程，定义好了Springboot集成的其他jar包版本，所以引入某些jar时可以不写版本号--><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.6.15</version></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><!--使用undertow容器--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><!--自定义配置生成元数据信息，这样在配置文件中可以有提示--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><!--Spring Security--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency><!--mysql--><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency><!--mybatis-plus--><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId><artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId><artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId></dependency><!-- JSON Web Token Support --><dependency><groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId><artifactId>jjwt</artifactId></dependency><!--redis--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>

application.yaml配置文件：

server:port: 8084servlet:context-path: /securitymybatis-plus:mapper-locations: classpath*:mapper/**/*Mapper.xml# 使用驼峰命名# 数据库表列：user_name# 实体类属性：userNameconfiguration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: trueSpring:redis:host: 127.0.0.1port: 6379lettuce:pool:max-idle: 16max-active: 32min-idle: 8datasource:# 数据源基本配置username: rootpassword: root1234url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai# driver-class需要注意mysql驱动的版本(com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver 或 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver)driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Drivertype: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcehikari:pool-name: Retail_HikariCPminimum-idle: 5 #最小空闲连接数idle-timeout: 180000 #空闲连接存活最长时间 默认600000（10分钟）maximum-pool-size: 10 #连接池最大连接数，默认10auto-commit: true #此属性控制从连接池返回的连接的默认自动提交行为，默认truemax-lifetime: 1800000 #连接的最长生命周期，0表示无限，默认1800000即30分钟connection-timeout: 30000 #数据库连接超时时间，默认30秒，即3000connection-test-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL

2.2、数据库操作相关类

数据库脚本（mysql）：

create table `manager`(`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`login_name` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '登录名',`password` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',`name` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',`id_number` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '身份证',`mobile` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '手机号',`email` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮箱',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
)ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic COMMENT = '管理员表';
##密码是123456
INSERT INTO `manager` (`id`, `login_name`, `password`, `name`, `id_number`, `mobile`, `email`) VALUES (1, 'user1', '$2a$10$JrdOPx3zKcNqLQnU7GrdUeE2XA3KXZgu3QqLCeBTJWPxJjOOfOHGG', '张三', NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `manager` (`id`, `login_name`, `password`, `name`, `id_number`, `mobile`, `email`) VALUES (2, 'user2', '$2a$10$JrdOPx3zKcNqLQnU7GrdUeE2XA3KXZgu3QqLCeBTJWPxJjOOfOHGG', '李四', NULL, NULL, NULL);create table `role`(`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '角色名',`code` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '角色编码',`type` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '角色类别',`description` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色描述',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
)ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic COMMENT = '角色表';INSERT INTO `role` (`id`, `name`, `code`, `type`, `description`) VALUES (1, '管理员角色', 'AdminManager', 'admin', NULL);
INSERT INTO `role` (`id`, `name`, `code`, `type`, `description`) VALUES (2, '审批用户角色', 'ApproveUser', 'approve', NULL);create table `permission`(`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '权限名',`code` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '权限编码',`type` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '权限类别',`url` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '资源权限路径',`anonymous` int NOT NULL COMMENT '是否可以匿名访问 1-是 0-否',`description` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '权限描述',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
)ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic COMMENT = '权限表';INSERT INTO `permission` (`id`, `name`, `code`, `type`, `url`, `description`, `anonymous`) VALUES (1, '主页接口', 'main', 'interface', '/main', NULL, 0);
INSERT INTO `permission` (`id`, `name`, `code`, `type`, `url`, `description`, `anonymous`) VALUES (2, '测试接口1', 'test1', 'interface', '/adminRole', NULL, 0);
INSERT INTO `permission` (`id`, `name`, `code`, `type`, `url`, `description`, `anonymous`) VALUES (3, '测试接口2', 'test2', 'interface', '/touristRole', NULL, 0);
INSERT INTO `permission` (`id`, `name`, `code`, `type`, `url`, `description`, `anonymous`) VALUES (4, '登录接口', 'login', 'interface', '/login', NULL, 1);
INSERT INTO `permission` (`id`, `name`, `code`, `type`, `url`, `description`, `anonymous`) VALUES (5, '注销接口', 'logout', 'interface', '/myLogout', NULL, 1);create table `manager_role_rel`(`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`manager_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',`role_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '角色id',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
)ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic COMMENT = '用户角色关联表';INSERT INTO `manager_role_rel` (`id`, `manager_id`, `role_id`) VALUES (1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `manager_role_rel` (`id`, `manager_id`, `role_id`) VALUES (2, 2, 2);
INSERT INTO `manager_role_rel` (`id`, `manager_id`, `role_id`) VALUES (3, 1, 2);create table `role_permission_rel`(`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`role_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',`permission_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '角色id',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
)ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic COMMENT = '角色权限关联表';INSERT INTO `role_permission_rel` (`id`, `role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `role_permission_rel` (`id`, `role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (2, 1, 2);
INSERT INTO `role_permission_rel` (`id`, `role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (3, 1, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission_rel` (`id`, `role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (4, 2, 1);
INSERT INTO `role_permission_rel` (`id`, `role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (5, 2, 3);

实体类：

@Data
@TableName("manager")
public class ManagerDomain {@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)private Integer id;//@TableField("user_name")private String loginName;private String password;private String name;private String idNumber;private String mobile;private String email;
}@Data
@TableName("permission")
public class PermissionDomain {@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)private Integer id;private String name;private String code;private String type;private String url;private String description;private Integer anonymous;
}@Data
@TableName("role")
public class RoleDomain {@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)private Integer id;private String name;private String code;private String description;
}

mybatis的Mapper接口及配置文件：

@Mapper
public interface ManagerMapper extends BaseMapper<ManagerDomain> {
}@Mapper
public interface PermissionMapper extends BaseMapper<PermissionDomain> {/*** 根据角色code获取该角色的资源权限url* @param roleCode* @return*/List<String> getPermissionUrlByRole(String roleCode);List<String> getAnonymousPermissionUrl();
}@Mapper
public interface RoleMapper extends BaseMapper<RoleDomain> {/*** 根据用户id获取该用户拥有的角色的code* @param managerId* @return*/List<String> getRoleCodeByManagerId(Integer managerId);/*** 获取所有角色的code* @return*/List<String> getAllRoleCode();
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.dmf.demo.jwt.security.dao.ManagerMapper"></mapper><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.dmf.demo.jwt.security.dao.PermissionMapper"><select id="getPermissionUrlByRole" resultType="java.lang.String">select p.urlfrom role rLEFT JOIN role_permission_rel rpr on r.id = rpr.role_idleft join permission p on rpr.permission_id = p.idwhere r.code = #{roleCode}</select><select id="getAnonymousPermissionUrl" resultType="java.lang.String">select url from permission where anonymous = 1</select>
</mapper><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.dmf.demo.jwt.security.dao.RoleMapper"><select id="getRoleCodeByManagerId" resultType="java.lang.String">select r.codefrom role rleft join manager_role_rel mrr on mrr.role_id = r.idWHERE mrr.manager_id= #{managerId}</select><select id="getAllRoleCode" resultType="java.lang.String">select code from role</select>
</mapper>

2.3、Controller和Service

@Slf4j
@Controller
public class SystemController {@Autowiredprivate SystemService systemService;/*** 登录* @param userName* @param password* @return*/@RequestMapping("/login")@ResponseBodypublic String login(String userName, String password){log.info("用户{}登录",userName);return systemService.login(userName,password);}@RequestMapping("/myLogout")@ResponseBodypublic String logout(HttpServletRequest request){systemService.logout(request);return "success";}/*** @return*/@RequestMapping("/adminRole")@ResponseBodypublic String adminRole(){return "success";}@RequestMapping("/touristRole")@ResponseBodypublic String touristRole(){return "success";}
}

service接口及实现类

public interface SystemService {String login(String userName,String password);void logout(HttpServletRequest request);
}

SystemService 实现类：

@Slf4j
@Service
public class SystemServiceImpl implements SystemService {@Resourceprivate AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;@Resourceprivate RedisTemplate<String,String> stringRedisTemplate;@Overridepublic String login(String userName, String password) {//1、根据用户输入的用户名和密码创建认证凭证AuthenticationUsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken =new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userName, password);//2、调用AuthenticationManager认证管理器的authenticate方法进行认证操作，返回认证成功后的凭证AuthenticationAuthentication authenticate = null;try {authenticate = authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationToken);} catch (AuthenticationException e) {//这里自己捕获认证异常，自己处理，如果自己不处理的话，异常会交给自定义的AuthenticationEntryPoint处理//如果没定义AuthenticationEntryPoint，Spring Security会默认返回403log.error("登录失败！原因：{}",e.getMessage());throw new RuntimeException("登录失败！");}//3、生成jwt//拿到认证成功后的用户信息LoginUserDetails userDetails = (LoginUserDetails) authenticate.getPrincipal();String accessToken = JwtUtils.createToken(userDetails);//4、保存用户信息到redisLoginUserInfoDto loginUserInfoDto = LoginUserInfoDto.builder().loginName(userDetails.getUsername()).id(userDetails.getManager().getId()).name(userDetails.getManager().getName()).mobile(userDetails.getManager().getMobile()).roles(userDetails.getRoles()).build();String key = GlobalConstants.LOGIN_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX+userDetails.getUsername();stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, JSONObject.toJSONString(loginUserInfoDto),60, TimeUnit.MINUTES);return accessToken;}@Overridepublic void logout(HttpServletRequest request) {String token = request.getHeader("token");if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(token)){String userName = JwtUtils.getUserName(token);//清除redisif(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(userName)){String key = GlobalConstants.LOGIN_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX+userName;stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);}}}
}

用户登录信息实体类LoginUserInfoDto：

@Data
@Builder
public class LoginUserInfoDto {private Integer id;private String loginName;private String name;private String idNumber;private String mobile;private List<String> roles;/*** 组装spring security的权限* @return*/public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities = new ArrayList<>();if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(roles)){roles.forEach(roleCode ->{grantedAuthorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_" + roleCode));});}return grantedAuthorities;}
}

全局常数类：

public class GlobalConstants {/*** 请求携带的token参数，参数名*/public static final String HEADER_TOKEN_NAME = "token";/*** 用户登录信息缓存KEY前缀*/public static final String LOGIN_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX = "USER_INFO:";/*** 全局资源权限缓存key*/public static final String GLOBAL_PERMISSION_KEY_PREFIX = "GLOBAL_PERMISSION:";/*** 允许匿名访问资源缓存key*/public static final String GLOBAL_PERMISSION_ANONYMOUS = "GLOBAL_PERMISSION:ANONYMOUS";
}

JWT工具类：

@Slf4j
public class JwtUtils {/** jwt加密秘钥*/public static final String DEFAULT_SECRET = "abcdefghijk";/** jwt数据声明里登录用户key*/public static final String LOGIN_USER = "LOGIN_USER";/** jwt数据声明里登录时间key*/public static final String LOGIN_TIME = "LOGIN_TIME";/** jwt默认过期时间*/public static Long DEFAULT_TTL = 60*60*1000l; //一个小时/*** 生成jwt使用默认设置* @param claims* @return*/public static String createToken(Map<String, Object> claims){return createToken(claims,DEFAULT_TTL,DEFAULT_SECRET);}/*** 生成jwt* @param claims* @param ttl 过期时间 ms* @return*/public static String createToken(Map<String, Object> claims,Long ttl){return createToken(claims,ttl,DEFAULT_SECRET);}/**** @param userDetails Spring Security用户信息* @param ttl 过期时间 ms* @return*/public static String createToken(UserDetails userDetails,Long ttl){Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();claims.put(LOGIN_USER,userDetails.getUsername());claims.put(LOGIN_TIME,new Date());return createToken(claims,ttl,DEFAULT_SECRET);}/**** @param userDetails* @return*/public static String createToken(UserDetails userDetails){return createToken(userDetails,DEFAULT_TTL);}/*** 生成jwt* @param claims* @return*/public static String createToken(Map<String, Object> claims,Long ttl,String secret){return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims)  //设置数据.setExpiration(generateExpirationDate(ttl)).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret) //签名，参数包括算法和秘钥.compact(); //压缩生成xxx.xxx.xxx}/*** 生成token的过期时间* @param ttl 单位是毫秒* @return*/private static Date generateExpirationDate(Long ttl) {return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + ttl);}/*** 解析jwt拿到数据，使用默认配置* @param token* @return*/public static Claims parseToken(String token){return  parseToken(token,DEFAULT_SECRET);}/*** 解析jwt拿到数据* @param token* @return*/public static Claims parseToken(String token,String secret){Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();return claims;}/*** 获取jwt里的用户名称* @param token* @return*/public static String getUserName(String token){return (String)parseToken(token).get(LOGIN_USER);}/*** token是否已经过期* @param claims* @return*/private static boolean isTokenExpired(Claims claims) {Date expire = claims.getExpiration();if(expire!=null){return expire.before(new Date());}return false;}
}

2.4、Spring Security自定义认证和鉴权

上篇文章已经介绍过Spring Security的认证和鉴权架构。
认证：
Spring Security的认证主要由AuthenticationManager -> AuthenticationProvider流程。而AuthenticationProvider调用UserDetailsService的loadUserByUsername方法先查询系统用户，再和用户输入的用户信息做比对认证。
所以自定义认证，我们只需要在配置类里定义自己的AuthenticationManager和AuthenticationProvider，以及实现UserDetailsService接口。另外UserDetails类的默认实现类User使用不方便，也可以实现自定义的UserDetails来做功能扩展

自定义的UserDetails实现类：

@Data
@Builder
public class LoginUserDetails implements UserDetails {private ManagerDomain manager;private Integer id;private String username;private String password;private boolean enabled;private boolean locked;private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities;private List<String> roles;public Integer getUserId() {return this.manager.getId();}// 返回当前用户的权限列表@Overridepublic Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {if (grantedAuthorities != null)return this.grantedAuthorities;List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities = new ArrayList<>();if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(roles)){roles.forEach(roleCode ->{grantedAuthorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_" + roleCode));});}return grantedAuthorities;}@Overridepublic String getPassword() {return this.password;}@Overridepublic String getUsername() {return this.username;}//账号是否未过期,直接返回true 表示账户未过期,也可以在数据库中添加该字段@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonExpired() {return true;}//账号是否被锁, 这里和数据库中的locked字段刚好相反,所有取反@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonLocked() {return true;}//密码是否为过期,数据库中无该字段,直接返回true@Overridepublic boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {return true;}//账户是否可用,从数据库中获取该字段@Overridepublic boolean isEnabled() {return true;}}

自定义的UserDetailsService实现类：

public class DBUserDetailsManager implements UserDetailsManager, UserDetailsPasswordService {@Resourceprivate ManagerMapper managerMapper;@Resourceprivate RoleMapper roleMapper;/*** UserDetails提供的字段如果不够的话，可以继承 User类，实现自己的UserDetails* 用户认证时会调用* @param username* @return* @throws UsernameNotFoundException*/@Overridepublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {ManagerDomain user = managerMapper.selectOne(new LambdaQueryWrapper<ManagerDomain>().eq(ManagerDomain::getLoginName,username));if(user == null){throw new UsernameNotFoundException(username);}//查询用户角色List<String> roles = roleMapper.getRoleCodeByManagerId(user.getId());LoginUserDetails userDetails = LoginUserDetails.builder().username(user.getLoginName()).password(user.getPassword()).manager(user).roles(roles).build();return userDetails;}@Overridepublic void createUser(UserDetails user) {}@Overridepublic void updateUser(UserDetails user) {}@Overridepublic void deleteUser(String username) {}@Overridepublic void changePassword(String oldPassword, String newPassword) {}@Overridepublic boolean userExists(String username) {return false;}@Overridepublic UserDetails updatePassword(UserDetails user, String newPassword) {return null;}
}

AuthenticationManager和AuthenticationProvider，Spring Security提供了默认的实现ProviderManager和DaoAuthenticationProvider。直接在配置类配置这两个bean即可。

鉴权：
鉴权流程主要由AccessDecisionManager（鉴权管理器）和AccessDecisionVoter（投票器）来处理。鉴权管理器使用默认实现之一的UnanimousBased（一票反对，只要有一票反对就不能通过），然后实现自定义的投票器即可。
在实际鉴权处理前，我们还需要一个过滤器来处理jwt，通过jwt来拿到认证信息。
jwt过滤器：

@Slf4j
//@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {@Resourceprivate RedisTemplate<String,String> stringRedisTemplate;@Overrideprotected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {//1、拿到tokenString token = request.getHeader("token");if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(token)){//2、校验tokentry {String username = JwtUtils.getUserName(token);String key = GlobalConstants.LOGIN_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX+username;String userInfoStr = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(userInfoStr)){//得到用户账号及权限相关信息LoginUserInfoDto loginUserInfoDto = JSONObject.parseObject(userInfoStr,LoginUserInfoDto.class);//设置该用户的权限上下文信息，方便后续过滤器校验UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken =new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginUserInfoDto,null,loginUserInfoDto.getAuthorities());SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken);}else{throw new RuntimeException("token无效或已过期，请重新登录！");}//放行filterChain.doFilter(request,response);} catch (RuntimeException e) {//自行处理认证异常，如果不处理的话，会由Spring Security处理，如果没定义异常处理handler，最后会返回403exceptionHandle(request,response,e);}}else{//放行filterChain.doFilter(request,response);}}/*** jwt认证失败处理* @param request* @param response* @param e*/private void exceptionHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,Exception e) throws IOException {log.info("jwt认证失败，原因：{}",e.getMessage());//这里就不往下走了，直接返回失败的结果Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap();result.put("code",-3);result.put("message","token认证失败！");//  将结果对象转换成json字符串String json = JSON.toJSONString(result);response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");//  响应体response.getWriter().println(json);}
}

自定义AccessDecisionVoter（投票器）：

@Slf4j
public class AccessDecisionProcessor implements AccessDecisionVoter<FilterInvocation> {@Resourceprivate RedisTemplate<String,String> stringRedisTemplate;@Resourceprivate PermissionMapper permissionMapper;@Overridepublic boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {return true;}@Overridepublic boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {return true;}@Overridepublic int vote(Authentication authentication, FilterInvocation object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {//默认否决票int result = ACCESS_DENIED;String requestUrl = object.getRequest().getServletPath();String method = object.getRequest().getMethod();log.debug("进入自定义鉴权投票器，URI : {} {}", method, requestUrl);//判断请求是否运行匿名访问boolean anonymous = stringRedisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey(GlobalConstants.GLOBAL_PERMISSION_ANONYMOUS,requestUrl);if(anonymous){//允许匿名访问直接同意return ACCESS_GRANTED;}//拿到用户的角色Object principal = authentication.getPrincipal();//principal不是LoginUserInfoDto表示是匿名用户或未认证的用户，且请求url未在数据库配置权限if(principal instanceof LoginUserInfoDto){LoginUserInfoDto dto = (LoginUserInfoDto)principal;List<String> roles = dto.getRoles();String keyPrefix = GlobalConstants.GLOBAL_PERMISSION_KEY_PREFIX;if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(roles)){for(String roleCode : roles){String key = keyPrefix+roleCode;if(stringRedisTemplate.hasKey(key)){String val = (String)stringRedisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key,requestUrl);if(val!=null){//存在投同意result = ACCESS_GRANTED;//结束循环break;}}else{//如果缓存没有，查库List<String> urls = permissionMapper.getPermissionUrlByRole(roleCode);if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(urls)){//存缓存Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();urls.forEach(url ->{map.put(url,"1");});stringRedisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key,map);if(urls.contains(requestUrl)){//存在投同意result = ACCESS_GRANTED;//结束循环break;}}}}}}else{//匿名用户请求，且请求url未在数据库配置权限，交给WebExpressionVoter处理，这里就不做处理result = ACCESS_ABSTAIN;}return result;}
}

这个投票器的主要逻辑是，去redis查询项目启动时初始化的角色权限缓存。没有缓存，则查库。拿到用户认证信息（在jwt过滤器里设置的）里的角色，判断角色权限缓存里有没有请求的url，有则表示该角色能访问该url，即用户有权访问该url。

初始化角色权限缓存：

@Component
@Slf4j
public class PermissionInitRunner implements ApplicationRunner {@Resourceprivate RedisTemplate<String,String> stringRedisTemplate;@Resourceprivate RoleMapper roleMapper;@Resourceprivate PermissionMapper permissionMapper;@Overridepublic void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {String keyPrefix = GlobalConstants.GLOBAL_PERMISSION_KEY_PREFIX;log.info("开始初始化全局资源权限缓存");List<String> allRoleCode = roleMapper.getAllRoleCode();if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(allRoleCode)){for(String roleCode : allRoleCode){List<String> urls = permissionMapper.getPermissionUrlByRole(roleCode);if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(urls)){Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();urls.forEach(url ->{map.put(url,"1");});stringRedisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(keyPrefix+roleCode,map);}}}//允许匿名访问的资源权限keyList<String> urls = permissionMapper.getAnonymousPermissionUrl();if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(urls)){String key = GlobalConstants.GLOBAL_PERMISSION_ANONYMOUS;Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();urls.forEach(url ->{map.put(url,"1");});stringRedisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key,map);}log.info("初始化全局资源权限缓存结束");}
}

自定义认证异常和鉴权异常的处理类：
认证异常处理类：

public class MyAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {@Overridepublic void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {String localizedMessage = "未认证，请先认证！";//authException.getLocalizedMessage();Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap();result.put("code",-2);   // 告诉用户需要登录result.put("message",localizedMessage);   ////  将结果对象转换成json字符串String json = JSON.toJSONString(result);//  返回json数据到前端//  响应头response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");//  响应体response.getWriter().println(json);//返回登录界面//response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/myLoginPage");}
}

鉴权异常处理类：

public class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {@Overridepublic void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException, ServletException {Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap();result.put("code",-1);   // 没有权限result.put("message","没有权限");   ////  将结果对象转换成json字符串String json = JSON.toJSONString(result);//  返回json数据到前端//  响应头response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");//  响应体response.getWriter().println(json);//返回页面//response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/main");}
}

Spring Security配置类：

@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfig {/*** 密码编码器,会对请求传入的密码进行加密* @return*/@Beanpublic PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();}@Beanpublic UserDetailsService userDetailsService(){return new DBUserDetailsManager();}@Beanpublic AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider(UserDetailsService  userDetailsService,PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder){DaoAuthenticationProvider daoAuthenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();daoAuthenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);daoAuthenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder);return daoAuthenticationProvider;}/*** 认证管理器* @param authenticationProvider* @return*/@Beanpublic AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider){// ProviderManager 是 AuthenticationManager 最常用的实现return new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);}/*** jwt过滤器* @return*/@Beanpublic JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(){return new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter();}/*** 自定义鉴权投票器* @return*/@Beanpublic AccessDecisionVoter<FilterInvocation> accessDecisionProcessor() {return new AccessDecisionProcessor();}/*** 鉴权管理器* @return*/@Beanpublic AccessDecisionManager accessDecisionManager() {// 构造一个新的AccessDecisionManager 放入两个投票器//WebExpressionVoter为配置文件投票器，即在HttpSecurity 的authorizeRequests方法里定义的过滤规则，使用他是为了也可以使用配置定义好放行规则List<AccessDecisionVoter<?>> decisionVoters = Arrays.asList(new WebExpressionVoter(), accessDecisionProcessor());//UnanimousBased为一票否决鉴权//AffirmativeBased为一票通过鉴权，WebExpressionVoter投票如果未配置则默认为通过,所以这里需要配置为UnanimousBasedreturn new UnanimousBased(decisionVoters);}/*** Spring Security配置* @param http* @return* @throws Exception*/@Beanpublic SecurityFilterChain mySecurityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests(authorize ->authorize// 放行所有OPTIONS请求,跨域请求会先发一个OPTIONS请求.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS).permitAll().antMatchers("/login").permitAll().antMatchers("/myLogout").permitAll().anyRequest()  //对所有请求开启授权保护.authenticated() //已认证的请求会被自动授权.accessDecisionManager(accessDecisionManager()));//添加自定义过滤器http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);http.exceptionHandling(exception -> exception.authenticationEntryPoint(new MyAuthenticationEntryPoint()) //请求未认证的处理.accessDeniedHandler(new MyAccessDeniedHandler())   //未授权资源请求处理);//关闭csrf防护,否则所有的POST的请求都需要携带CSRF令牌http.csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable());// 关闭Session机制//http.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);return http.build();}
}