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【RISC-V设计-12】- RISC-V处理器设计K0A之验证环境

1.简介

在前几篇文章中，分别介绍了各个模块的设计，本篇文章将会针对k0a_core_top层搭建一个简单的验证环境。

2.验证顶层

3.顶层代码

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright 2024 Kearn Chen, [e-mail]
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// 
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// 
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Description :
//             1. testbench for simulation
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------`timescale 1ns/10psmodule test_top();reg          core_clk    ;
reg          core_rstn   ;wire         bus_avalid  ;
wire         bus_aready  ;
wire         bus_write   ;
wire [17:0]  bus_addr    ;
wire [3:0]   bus_strb    ;
wire [31:0]  bus_wdata   ;
wire         bus_rvalid  ;
wire         bus_rready  ;
wire [31:0]  bus_rdata   ;reg  [15:0]  irq_lines   ;k0a_core_top dut (.core_clk       (core_clk       ),.core_rstn      (core_rstn      ),.bus_avalid     (bus_avalid     ),.bus_aready     (bus_aready     ),.bus_write      (bus_write      ),.bus_addr       (bus_addr       ),.bus_strb       (bus_strb       ),.bus_wdata      (bus_wdata      ),.bus_rvalid     (bus_rvalid     ),.bus_rready     (bus_rready     ),.bus_rdata      (bus_rdata      ),.irq_lines      (irq_lines      )
);slave_model u_slave (.clk            (core_clk       ),.rstn           (core_rstn      ),.avalid         (bus_avalid     ),.aready         (bus_aready     ),.write          (bus_write      ),.addr           (bus_addr       ),.strb           (bus_strb       ),.wdata          (bus_wdata      ),.rvalid         (bus_rvalid     ),.rready         (bus_rready     ),.rdata          (bus_rdata      )
);initial begincore_clk = 1'b0;forever #10 core_clk = ~core_clk;
endinitial begincore_rstn = 1'b0;irq_lines = 16'd0;initcase();#1000;core_rstn = 1'b1;testcase();$finish();
end`ifdef DUMP_LXT2initial begin$dumpfile("test_top.lxt2");$dumpvars(0, test_top);
end`endif`include "testcase.v"task load_instr(string path);integer i, fd, ret;reg [7:0] data;fd = $fopen($sformatf("../test/%s", path), "rb");if(fd == 0) begin$display("Open file : ../test/%s failed!", path);endfor(i=0; i<131072; i++) beginu_slave.imem[i] = 32'd0;endi = 0;while($feof(fd) == 0) beginret = $fread(data, fd);u_slave.imem[i/4][(i%4)*8+:8] = data;i++;end$fclose(fd);endtaskendmodule

在测试顶层代码中，连接了DUT的时钟、复位以及中断信号，总线的丛机模型和内核相连接。同时，提供了一个加载初始化软件代码的任务，验证用例通过load_instr任务，可加载二进制Bin文件到丛机模型中，在复位结束后，内核开始运行软件代码。

4.模型结构

4.1 地址映射

4.2 特殊功能寄存器

地址	寄存器	位宽	属性	描述
0xC0000	DATA	8	WO	队列的地址，软件可通过向此地址写入ASCII字符，输出到终端显示，以换行符\n结尾
0xC0004	FINISH	32	WO	写入数据0x12345678后，仿真运行结束
0xC0008	CLOCK	32	RO	时钟计数器，在复位结束后开始每个时钟周期自增1
0xC000C	SPEED	8	RW	模型的总线速度，0：模型会随机拉住总线的ready，1：总线ready一直为1

5.模型代码

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright 2024 Kearn Chen, [e-mail]
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// 
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// 
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Description :
//             1. slave model for simulation
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------module slave_model (input  wire         clk    ,input  wire         rstn   ,input  wire         avalid ,output wire         aready ,input  wire         write  ,input  wire [17:0]  addr   ,input  wire [3:0]   strb   ,input  wire [31:0]  wdata  ,output wire         rvalid ,input  wire         rready ,output wire [31:0]  rdata
);reg         flag;
reg  [1:0]  cycle;
reg  [31:0] dout;reg  [31:0] imem[0:131071];
reg  [31:0] dmem[0:65535];reg  [7:0]  queue[$];reg  [31:0] clock;
reg         speed;string      str;integer     idx;assign aready = cycle == 3'd0 ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
assign rvalid = cycle == 3'd0 ? flag : 1'b0;
assign rdata  = cycle == 3'd0 ? dout : 32'dx;always @(posedge clk)
beginif(avalid & aready & write) beginif(~addr[17]) beginif(strb[0]) imem[addr[16:0]][0 +:8] <= wdata[0 +:8];if(strb[1]) imem[addr[16:0]][8 +:8] <= wdata[8 +:8];if(strb[2]) imem[addr[16:0]][16+:8] <= wdata[16+:8];if(strb[3]) imem[addr[16:0]][24+:8] <= wdata[24+:8];end else if(~addr[16]) beginif(strb[0]) dmem[addr[15:0]][0 +:8] <= wdata[0 +:8];if(strb[1]) dmem[addr[15:0]][8 +:8] <= wdata[8 +:8];if(strb[2]) dmem[addr[15:0]][16+:8] <= wdata[16+:8];if(strb[3]) dmem[addr[15:0]][24+:8] <= wdata[24+:8];endend
endalways @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
beginif(!rstn)flag <= 1'b0;else if(avalid & aready & ~write)flag <= 1'b1;else if(rready & rvalid)flag <= 1'b0;
endalways @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
beginif(!rstn)cycle <= 2'd0;else if(|cycle)cycle <= cycle - 2'd1;else if(avalid) beginidx = $urandom_range(0, 99);if(idx <= 80 || speed == 1'b1)cycle <= 2'd0;else if(idx <= 95)cycle <= 2'd1;else if(idx <= 97)cycle <= 2'd2;elsecycle <= 2'd3;end
endalways @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
beginif(!rstn)dout <= 32'dx;else if(avalid & aready & ~write)if(~addr[17])dout <= imem[addr[16:0]];else if(~addr[16])dout <= dmem[addr[15:0]];else if(addr[15:0] == 16'h0002)dout <= clock;else if(addr[15:0] == 16'h0003)dout <= {31'd0, speed};else if(rready & rvalid)dout <= 32'dx;
endalways @(posedge clk)
beginif(avalid & aready & write & strb[0] & addr == 18'h30000) beginif(wdata[7:0] == 8'h0a) beginstr = "";while(queue.size() > 0) beginstr = $sformatf("%s%c", str, queue.pop_front());end$display("[MCU_INFO] : %s", str);end else beginqueue.push_back(wdata[7:0]);endend
endalways @(posedge clk)
beginif(avalid & aready & write & (&strb) & addr == 18'h30001) beginif(wdata == 32'h12345678) begin$finish();endend
endalways @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
beginif(!rstn)clock <= 32'd0;elseclock <= clock + 1'b1;
endalways @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
beginif(!rstn)speed <= 1'b0;else if(avalid & aready & write & strb[0] & addr == 18'h30003)speed <= wdata[0];
endendmodule

6.运行脚本

脚本支持两套仿真工具，一套为开源的iverilog+gtkwave的组合，另一套为vcs+verdi。

# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright 2024 Kearn Chen, [e-mail]
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
# 
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# 
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Description :
#             1. Run simulation
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TEST := hello_world_testvcs:cp ../case/$(TEST).v testcase.vmake -C ../test/$(TEST)vcs -full64 -sverilog +vcs+fsdbon -f ../list/filelist.vc./simv +ntb_random_seed_automatic -l simv.logiverilog:cp ../case/$(TEST).v testcase.vmake -C ../test/$(TEST)iverilog -o simv -f ../list/filelist.vc -g2012 -DDUMP_LXT2vvp simv -lxt2 -fstverdi:verdi -sverilog -f ../list/filelist.vc &gtkwave:gtkwave &clean:rm -rf simv *.log csrc simv.daidir verdiLog ucli.key novas* *.v

7.总结

本文介绍了一个简单的验证环境，包括测试顶层及模型、脚本等代码，在后续的文章中会基于此验证环境给出具体的验证用例。