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如何用java发送包含表格形式的邮件

news 2026/2/7 16:38:10

问题：
如何用java发送包含表格形式的邮件？
方法：
发用freemaker工具来替换html的表格变量，从而动态生成了html。然后再发送这个html格式（不能用纯文本）文本即可。
优化流程：
1、准备模板（这里是以Excel转html为模板）

2、处理模板及对模板填充内容的工具类

3、修改发送邮件的代码
所需依赖
pom.xml依赖

 
<!-- freemarker -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.8.4</version>
</dependency>

具体实现
1、准备模板
先用excel画一个模板，如下图
在这里插入图片描述
然后在网上找一个excel转换html的在线转换工具
我用的是：零代码 - Table在线布局工具（Excel转HTML）
2. 转换成功之后下载，之后会得到这样一个html文件。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>www.lingdaima.com（零代码excel转HTML）</title><style>
table{border-top:1px solid #333;border-left:1px solid #333;border-spacing:0;background-color:#fff;width:100%}
table td{border-bottom:1px solid #333;border-right:1px solid #333;font-size:13px;padding:5px}
.font5{color:windowtext;}
.xl65{text-align:left ;}
</style>
</head>
<body><table style="width:500pt"> <!--StartFragment--> <colgroup><col width="111" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3552;width:83pt"> <col width="131" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:4192;width:98pt"> <col width="290" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:9280;width:218pt"> <col width="135" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:4320;width:101pt"> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="19"> <td class="xl65">号码</td> <td class="xl65">所属运营商</td> <td class="xl65">所属号码组</td> <td class="xl65">报警时间</td> </tr> <tr height="19"> <td class="xl65">15528474394</td> <td class="xl65">万事融通</td> <td class="xl65">智慧外呼_万事融通_日产专用_品牌认证</td> <td class="xl65">2024/10/24 9:35</td> </tr> <!--EndFragment--> </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

3.把这个文件修改为 alert-email-template.ftl，放到 java 项目的 resouce/ftl/目录下
该文件的内容为

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><style>
table{border-top:1px solid #333;border-left:1px solid #333;border-spacing:0;background-color:#fff;width:100%}
table td{border-bottom:1px solid #333;border-right:1px solid #333;font-size:13px;padding:5px}
.font5{color:windowtext;}
.xl65{text-align:left ;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="font-size: 12px; margin: 10px;">您好：<br/>&nbsp &nbsp &nbsp 本次共有${totalAmounts}个未接通号码，详情请参见附件。<br/>下面列出的是前${topAmounts}个未接通号码详细信息。<br/>
</div><table style="width:500pt"> <!--StartFragment--><colgroup><col width="111" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3552;width:83pt"><col width="131" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:4192;width:98pt"><col width="290" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:9280;width:218pt"><col width="135" style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:4320;width:101pt"></colgroup><tbody><tr height="19"><td class="xl65">号码</td><td class="xl65">所属运营商</td><td class="xl65">所属号码组</td><td class="xl65">报警时间</td></tr><#if items?? && (items? size >0)><#list items as item><tr height="18"><td class="xl66">${(item.phone)!}</td><td class="xl66">${(item.supplier)!}</td><td class="xl66">${(item.group)!}</td><td class="xl66">${(item.time)!}</td></tr></#list></#if></tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

这里带$的就是需要freemaker来替换的变量。
注：这里items是一个list变量。

处理模板及对模板填充内容的工具类
直接上java代码

@Data
public class FailedCallInfo {private String phone;private String supplier;private String group;private String time;
}

List<FailedCallInfo> items = new ArrayList<>();FailedCallInfo record = new FailedCallInfo();record.setPhone("123456");record.setSupplier("abc");record.setGroup("group1");record.setTime("2024-10-10 12:12:00");items.add(record);Map<String, Object> callInfoMap = new HashMap<>(32);//注意变量名字要和ftl模板里面的一致！callInfoMap.put("items", items);callInfoMap.put("totalAmounts", 1);callInfoMap.put("topAmounts", 1);String generatedEmailBodyText = null;try {generatedEmailBodyText = FreemarkerUtil.generate("alert-email-template.ftl", callInfoMap);} catch (IOException e) {log.warn("email template generation failed, IOException exception:{}", e.getMessage());csvfile.delete();return;} catch (TemplateException e) {log.warn("email template generation failed, TemplateException exception:{}", e.getMessage());csvfile.delete();return;}boolean send_result = EmailHelper.send(receivers, null, null, "未接通号码告警邮件", generatedEmailBodyText, attachment, "xc-jsb-sjjg-unit@autohome.com.cn");if (send_result) {log.info("发送告警邮件成功！收件人:{}", JSON.toJSONString(receivers));} else {log.warn("发送告警邮件失败，收件人:{}", JSON.toJSONString(receivers));}

FreemarkerUtil.java

package com.xxx.util;
import freemarker.template.Configuration;
import freemarker.template.Template;
import freemarker.template.TemplateException;import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;/*** freemarker 工具类*/
public class FreemarkerUtil {private static Configuration config = null;/*** Static initialization.** Initialize the configuration of Freemarker.*/static {config = new Configuration();config.setClassForTemplateLoading(FreemarkerUtil.class, "/ftl/");config.setTemplateUpdateDelay(0);}public static Configuration getConfiguration() {return config;}/*** @param template* @return* @throws Exception*/public static String generate(String template, Object obj) throws IOException, TemplateException {Configuration config = getConfiguration();config.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");Template tp = config.getTemplate(template, "utf-8");StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(stringWriter);tp.setEncoding("UTF-8");tp.process(obj, writer);String htmlStr = stringWriter.toString();writer.flush();writer.close();return htmlStr;}}

EmailHelper.java

package com.xxx.util;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;@Slf4j
public class EmailHelper {private static final String DEFAULT_SMTP_HOST = "12.12.12.12";private static final Integer DEFAULT_SMTP_PORT = 25;private static final String DEFAULT_MAIL_SENDER = "test@aby.com.cn";/*** 邮件发送** @param to      收件人邮件地址列表* @param subject 邮件标题* @param content 邮件内容* @return 发送结果*/public static boolean send(List<String> to, String subject, String content) {return send(to, null, null, subject, content, null);}/*** 邮件发送** @param to          收件人邮件地址列表* @param subject     邮件标题* @param content     邮件内容* @param attachments 附件* @return 发送结果*/public static boolean send(List<String> to, String subject, String content, List<File> attachments) {return send(to, null, null, subject, content, attachments);}/*** 邮件发送** @param to          收件人邮件地址列表* @param cc          抄送人邮件地址列表* @param subject     邮件标题* @param content     邮件内容* @param attachments 附件* @return 发送结果*/public static boolean send(List<String> to, List<String> cc, String subject, String content, List<File> attachments) {return send(to, cc, null, subject, content, attachments);}/*** 邮件发送** @param to          收件人邮件地址列表* @param cc          抄送人邮件地址列表* @param bcc         密送人邮件地址列表* @param subject     邮件标题* @param content     邮件内容* @param attachments 附件* @param sender 发件人* @return 发送结果*/public static boolean send(List<String> to, List<String> cc, List<String> bcc,String subject, String content, List<File> attachments,String sender) {return send(DEFAULT_SMTP_HOST, DEFAULT_SMTP_PORT, sender, null, to, cc, bcc, subject, content, attachments);}/*** 邮件发送** @param to          收件人邮件地址列表* @param cc          抄送人邮件地址列表* @param bcc         密送人邮件地址列表* @param subject     邮件标题* @param content     邮件内容* @param attachments 附件* @return 发送结果*/public static boolean send(List<String> to, List<String> cc, List<String> bcc,String subject, String content, List<File> attachments) {return send(DEFAULT_SMTP_HOST, DEFAULT_SMTP_PORT, DEFAULT_MAIL_SENDER, null, to, cc, bcc, subject, content, attachments);}/*** 邮件发送** @param smtpHost       smtp服务地址* @param smtpPort       smtp服务端口* @param sender         发送人邮箱地址* @param senderPassword 发送人邮箱密码* @param to             收件人邮件地址列表* @param cc             抄送人邮件地址列表* @param bcc            密送人邮件地址列表* @param subject        邮件标题* @param content        邮件内容* @param attachments    附件* @return 发送结果*/public static boolean send(String smtpHost, Integer smtpPort, String sender, String senderPassword,List<String> to, List<String> cc, List<String> bcc,String subject, String content, List<File> attachments) {MimeMessage message = getMimeMessage(smtpHost, smtpPort, sender, senderPassword);try {// 收件人List<InternetAddress> toInternetAddressList = convertToInternetAddress(to);if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(toInternetAddressList)) {log.error("邮件收件人不能为空");return false;}message.addRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, toInternetAddressList.toArray(new InternetAddress[0]));// 抄送人List<InternetAddress> ccInternetAddressList = convertToInternetAddress(cc);if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(ccInternetAddressList)) {message.addRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, ccInternetAddressList.toArray(new InternetAddress[0]));}// 密送人List<InternetAddress> bccInternetAddressList = convertToInternetAddress(bcc);if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(bccInternetAddressList)) {message.addRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC, bccInternetAddressList.toArray(new InternetAddress[0]));}// 内容Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();MimeBodyPart contentPart = new MimeBodyPart();contentPart.setContent(content, "text/html;charset=utf-8");multipart.addBodyPart(contentPart);// 附件if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(attachments)) {attachments.forEach(file -> {try {MimeBodyPart filePartBody = new MimeBodyPart();DataSource fileDataSource = new FileDataSource(file);DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(fileDataSource);filePartBody.setDataHandler(dataHandler);filePartBody.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(file.getName()));multipart.addBodyPart(filePartBody);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("邮件中的附件失败，已经丢弃该附件：{}", file.getName());}});}message.setContent(multipart);message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(sender));String mailSubject = StringUtils.isNotBlank(subject) ? subject : "无主题";String activeProfile = System.getProperty("spring.profiles.active");if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(activeProfile) && !activeProfile.contains("online")) {mailSubject += String.format(" 【环境: %s】", activeProfile);}message.setSubject(mailSubject, "UTF-8");message.saveChanges();Transport.send(message);return true;} catch (MessagingException ex) {log.error("error when send email.", ex);return false;}}private static MimeMessage getMimeMessage(String smtpHost, Integer smtpPort, String sender, String senderPassword) {Properties properties = new Properties();properties.put("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");properties.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);properties.put("mail.smtp.port", smtpPort);Authenticator authenticator = null;if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(sender) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(senderPassword)) {authenticator = new Authenticator() {@Overrideprotected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {return new PasswordAuthentication(sender, senderPassword);}};}properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", authenticator != null ? "true" : "false");Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, authenticator);return new MimeMessage(session);}private static List<InternetAddress> convertToInternetAddress(List<String> mailAddressList) {if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mailAddressList)) {return new ArrayList<>();}List<InternetAddress> mailInternetAddress = new ArrayList<>();mailAddressList.forEach(item -> {try {mailInternetAddress.add(new InternetAddress(item));} catch (AddressException e) {log.error("邮件地址错误，此邮件地址不参与邮件的接收:{}", item);}});return mailInternetAddress;}
}

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