玛纳斯县住房和城乡建设局网站/刷网站排名软件

就我知道的：micro-ros只能在特定的昂贵的开发板上面运行，但是偶然发现了这个文章，似乎提供了一个全新的方式来在ros2和单片机之间通讯，如果能够这样肯定也能够提高效率，但即使不行，使用串口库也应该比较简单。

GitHub - lFatality/stm32_micro_ros_setup: Example of how to setup micro-ROS on any STM32 microcontroller

README.md

Setting up micro-ROS on any STM32 microcontroller

This repository gives an example of how to set up micro-ROS on any STM32 microcontroller. For this repository an STM32F429ZI was chosen but you are free to choose another one.

You can also find the instructions in video form here: https://youtu.be/xbWaHARjSmk

Goal

If you follow all steps in the tutorial you should have an STM32 microcontroller with a micro-ROS publisher that transmits messages via UART to your PC running ROS 2. Here you can receive the messages via ros2 topic echo.

Steps

In the following the required steps to achieve the goal are presented in detail. It will show how to do this for a microcontroller that is not listed as a device directly supported by micro-ROS. （看到没有：即使是不受官方支持的，也可以使用MICRO_ROS,那个官方支持的开发板实在太少，而且太贵，所以我才说成本太高，现在看来有办法降低成本了)If you find that you have problems check out the Troubleshooting section below.（如果有问题请看后面的”Trobleshooting“部分

micro-ROS

1.) Create a new CubeMx project for your micro controller
2.) In System Core -> RCC -> High Speed Clock (HSE) select Crystal/Ceramic Resonator

3.) In System Core -> SYS -> Timebase Source select TIM1

4.) In Middleware -> FREERTOS -> Interface select CMSIS_V2

4.1.) In Middleware -> FREERTOS -> Configuration -> Task and Queues double click the defaultTask and set a stack size of 3000. It has to be greater than 10.000 byte (3000 words * 4 byte = 12.000 byte).F103C8T6有20KB，明明没有超为什么不行？

 注意了：STM32C8T6在这里好像出了问题：因为这个Stack Size我感觉好像超了

如果遇到这个问题需要首先修改堆栈大小：

 修改步骤：修改Config parmeters-->Memory management settings---->TOTAL_HEAP_SIZE设置为16000；然后就可以解决这个问题

 看吧已经改好了

5.) In Connectivity choose the UART / USART that you want to use.

5.1.) In the Uart configuration, go to DMA Settings. Click on the Add button. Click on the Select dropdown and choose both Rx and Tx.

5.2.) Click on the Rx DMA you've just created and for Mode choose Circular.

5.3.) For the priority of the DMA choose Very high for both Rx and Tx.

5.4.) Go to NVIC Settings of the UART and activate the UARTx global interrupt.

6.) Set up the Clock Configuration for your micro controller
7.) In Project Manager select a folder where to generate your code
7.1.) In Toolchain / IDE select Makefile（这里有点不一样：平时都选择keil）

7.2.) Optional: In Project Manager -> Code Generator select Generate peripheral intitialization as a pair of '.c/.h' files per peripheral
8.) Click on Generate Code
9.) In the root folder of the code you've just generated, clone the following repository (into a subfolder, don't change its name).:

git clone https://github.com/micro-ROS/micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils.git

10.) Make sure you have the right branch for your ROS version checked out 11.) In the Makefile that was generated by CubeMx put the following code snippet after the part where it says build the application:

#######################################
# micro-ROS addons
#######################################
LDFLAGS += micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/microros_static_library/libmicroros/libmicroros.a
C_INCLUDES += -Imicro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/microros_static_library/libmicroros/microros_include# Add micro-ROS utils
C_SOURCES += micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/extra_sources/custom_memory_manager.c
C_SOURCES += micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/extra_sources/microros_allocators.c
C_SOURCES += micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/extra_sources/microros_time.c# Set here the custom transport implementation
C_SOURCES += micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/extra_sources/microros_transports/dma_transport.cprint_cflags:@echo $(CFLAGS)

11.)Execute the static library generation tool.(执行“静态库产生”工具软件) Compiler flags will retrieved automatically from your Makefile and user will be prompted to check if they are correct.

Pull and run the following docker （这个docker就是静态库生产工具软件）to generate the micro-ros lib(我现在就卡在这个编译静态micro_lib库的地方，我需要知道怎么样编译micro_lib静态库). Make sure you use the right ROS version （注意这个ros的版本不要搞错了makefile里的版本要搞对,下面这个galactic指的是ros2版本，我的是humble就应该吧galactic改为humble）when you pull / run the docker. This should be executed in the root folder of your project.

 #这里的microros/micro_ros_static_library_builder:humble是服务器上面的镜像名称，不是本地存放位置

docker pull microros/micro_ros_static_library_builder:humble

#docker pull命令：从镜像仓库获取镜像

#后面3行是一个整体,并且其中的project要修改为存放micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils文件夹的文件夹其中/project必须是绝对文件位置，不能是以~开头之类的相对位置

docker run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/project --env MICROROS_LIBRARY_FOLDER=micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/microros_static_library microros/micro_ros_static_library_builder:humble

我已经安装了ros2和Ubuntu所以我就不用docker了上边这个很可能就是编译静态库的的过程，我替换为以下步骤：

#这个地方的网址可能要改一下,另外这条命令中src/micro_ros_setup表示在本地建立2个文件夹，一个是src,另外在src内再建立一个micro_ros_setup文件夹，最后把远程复制的文件放到这个里面来
git clone -b humble https://github.com/micro-ROS/micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils.git src/micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils
rosdep update && rosdep install --from-paths src --ignore-src -y
colcon build
#应该就是使用rosdep补全依赖项，然后就使用colcon工具编译这个代码库成为静态库

 上边这个git命令不一定能正确运行，所以可以自己使用浏览器从github下载代码库，然后把文件放到文件夹内。具体说就是下载后的文件夹整个复制到src文件夹内（没有就新建一个src文件夹）

后面这个是对git clone remote_address local_address的一个示范。可看出local_address指定的是存放代码库的文件夹

12.) If it asks for the CFLAGS, if you can see some, continue. They might look like this:

Found CFLAGS:
-------------
-mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F429xx -ICore/Inc -IDrivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc -IDrivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy -IMiddlewares/Third_Party/FreeRTOS/Source/include -IMiddlewares/Third_Party/FreeRTOS/Source/CMSIS_RTOS -IMiddlewares/Third_Party/FreeRTOS/Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM4F -IDrivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Include -IDrivers/CMSIS/Include -IDrivers/CMSIS/Include -Imicro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils/microros_static_library/libmicroros/microros_include -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MFprint_cflags
-------------

If instead the CFLAGS are empty there was likely a mistake. If you get an error about a missing separator in the Makefile, check the line in the Makefile. For me there were 2 similar includes. I deleted one of them.

13.) If you get an error like this during building:

'rcutils' exports library 'dl' which couldn't be found

That's ok and can be ignored.

14.) Go into Core/main.cpp and adjust it so that it's similar to the sample_main.cpp you can find in the micro_ros_stm32cubemx_utils repository we found earlier. The most interesting parts are the following:

#include <rcl/rcl.h>
#include <rcl/error_handling.h>
#include <rclc/rclc.h>
#include <rclc/executor.h>
#include <uxr/client/transport.h>
#include <rmw_microxrcedds_c/config.h>
#include <rmw_microros/rmw_microros.h>#include <std_msgs/msg/int32.h>

bool cubemx_transport_open(struct uxrCustomTransport * transport);
bool cubemx_transport_close(struct uxrCustomTransport * transport);
size_t cubemx_transport_write(struct uxrCustomTransport* transport, const uint8_t * buf, size_t len, uint8_t * err);
size_t cubemx_transport_read(struct uxrCustomTransport* transport, uint8_t* buf, size_t len, int timeout, uint8_t* err);void * microros_allocate(size_t size, void * state);
void microros_deallocate(void * pointer, void * state);
void * microros_reallocate(void * pointer, size_t size, void * state);
void * microros_zero_allocate(size_t number_of_elements, size_t size_of_element, void * state);

void StartDefaultTask(void *argument)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN StartDefaultTask *//* Infinite loop */// micro-ROS configurationrmw_uros_set_custom_transport(true,(void *) &huart2,cubemx_transport_open,cubemx_transport_close,cubemx_transport_write,cubemx_transport_read);rcl_allocator_t freeRTOS_allocator = rcutils_get_zero_initialized_allocator();freeRTOS_allocator.allocate = microros_allocate;freeRTOS_allocator.deallocate = microros_deallocate;freeRTOS_allocator.reallocate = microros_reallocate;freeRTOS_allocator.zero_allocate =  microros_zero_allocate;if (!rcutils_set_default_allocator(&freeRTOS_allocator)) {printf("Error on default allocators (line %d)\n", __LINE__);}// micro-ROS apprcl_publisher_t publisher;std_msgs__msg__Int32 msg;rclc_support_t support;rcl_allocator_t allocator;rcl_node_t node;allocator = rcl_get_default_allocator();//create init_optionsrclc_support_init(&support, 0, NULL, &allocator);// create noderclc_node_init_default(&node, "cubemx_node", "", &support);// create publisherrclc_publisher_init_default(&publisher,&node,ROSIDL_GET_MSG_TYPE_SUPPORT(std_msgs, msg, Int32),"cubemx_publisher");msg.data = 0;for(;;){rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_publish(&publisher, &msg, NULL);if (ret != RCL_RET_OK){printf("Error publishing (line %d)\n", __LINE__);}msg.data++;osDelay(10);}/* USER CODE END StartDefaultTask */
}

15.) Open the project in your favorite IDE. In general you should now be able to build and debug your program. To built I used the arm-none-eabi-toolchain. To flash and debug I used openocd. If you can not build check step 15.1.

15.1.) It might be that you can not build yet because of missing syscalls. In that case you might get errors like undefined reference to _kill or undefined reference to _getpid. In that case add a syscalls.c file to your project and also add it to the Makefile so that it will be compiled. You can find an example syscalls.c at the end of this page.

micro-ROS agent

19.) Now you need a micro-ROS agent. It's responsible to create the communication between your embedded controller and the rest of your ROS 2 software. Create a different folder that will be used as a ROS 2 workspace.

20.) Clone the micro_ros_setup repository and build it by executing the following steps from the root of your workspace folder:

source /opt/ros/$ROS_DISTRO/setup.bash
git clone -b $ROS_DISTRO https://github.com/micro-ROS/micro_ros_setup.git src/micro_ros_setup
rosdep update && rosdep install --from-path src --ignore-src -y
colcon build
source install/local_setup.bash

21.) Build the agent packages

ros2 run micro_ros_setup create_agent_ws.sh
ros2 run micro_ros_setup build_agent.sh
source install/local_setup.sh

I got a warning about stderr output when running build_agent.sh (at the end of the build process) but I ignored that. I also had a problem were build_agent.sh complained about being unable to find a package (Package 'micro_ros_agent' specified with --packages-up-to was not found). This was because I didn't follow the steps to build the workspace first correctly (step 20).

22.) Start the micro-ros-agent. For example:

ros2 run micro_ros_agent micro_ros_agent serial -b 115200 --dev /dev/ttyACM0

serial: for UART use, other options available -b: baudrate --dev: the device to use

To get help with the usage:

ros2 run micro_ros_agent micro_ros_agent --help

23.) In the agent you should see something like this:

[1641665035.090947] info     | TermiosAgentLinux.cpp | init                     | running...             | fd: 3
[1641665035.130109] info     | Root.cpp           | create_client            | create                 | client_key: 0x041835D4, session_id: 0x81
[1641665035.130212] info     | SessionManager.hpp | establish_session        | session established    | client_key: 0x041835D4, address: 0
[1641665035.156038] info     | ProxyClient.cpp    | create_participant       | participant created    | client_key: 0x041835D4, participant_id: 0x000(1)
[1641665035.171020] info     | ProxyClient.cpp    | create_topic             | topic created          | client_key: 0x041835D4, topic_id: 0x000(2), participant_id: 0x000(1)
[1641665035.181034] info     | ProxyClient.cpp    | create_publisher         | publisher created      | client_key: 0x041835D4, publisher_id: 0x000(3), participant_id: 0x000(1)
[1641665035.191347] info     | ProxyClient.cpp    | create_datawriter        | datawriter created     | client_key: 0x041835D4, datawriter_id: 0x000(5), publisher_id: 0x000(3)
[1641665052.957930] info     | SessionManager.hpp | establish_session        | session re-established | client_key: 0x041835D4, address: 0

This is some kind of handshake between the agent and the embedded system. You might have to restart your MCU, the agent should be started first it seems.

If you see something like this instead:

[1641665033.757172] info     | TermiosAgentLinux.cpp | init                     | Serial port not found. | device: /dev/ttyACM0, error 2, waiting for connection...
[1641665034.757430] info     | TermiosAgentLinux.cpp | init                     | Serial port not found. | device: /dev/ttyACM0, error 2, waiting for connection...

You have likely selected the wrong device or your MCU is not connected.

23.) You should now be able to see the messages published by the MCU on ROS2:

ros2 topic echo /cubemx_publisher

The data would look like this:

---
data: 2399
---
data: 2400
---
data: 2401
---
data: 2402
---
data: 2403
---
data: 2404
---

Troubleshooting

Problem 1

When stepping through the code the programs hangs at rclc_support_init.

Solution 1

Be sure that the UART you use when calling rmw_uros_set_custom_transport is the one that you set up for ROS (e.g. with the right DMA settings). Also be aware that the call to this function can take some time (~10 seconds). When running the micro-ROS agent it usually is faster though.

Problem 2

The publishing doesn't work. I go into the error case in the infinite loop of the main task:

rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_publish(&publisher, &msg, NULL);
if (ret != RCL_RET_OK)
{printf("Error publishing (line %d)\n", __LINE__); // <-------------------- this is entered
}

In my case I can see some prints on the UART before entering the while loop. There is a lot of random bytes but sometimes I can see XRCE.

Solution 2

You need a running micro-ROS agent. See steps 19.) and following. If you have an agent running but it still doesn't work, look at problem / solution 6.

Problem 3

When trying to flash the board, I get an openocd bug saying something with "free"

Solution 3

Unplug MCU and replug it (power).

Problem 4

When I run the agent and MCU the agent says

fynn@sphalerite:~/main/dev/tests/micro-ros/agent_ws$ ros2 run micro_ros_agent micro_ros_agent serial -b 115200 --dev /dev/ttyACM0
[1643036775.906617] info     | TermiosAgentLinux.cpp | init                     | running...             | fd: 3
[1643036775.906762] info     | Root.cpp           | set_verbose_level        | logger setup           | verbose_level: 4

but nothing else happens and I can't receive my data.

Solution 4 :

Check that your MCU doesn't crash anywhere (e.g. in the syscalls).

Problem 5

I get an error saying that _getpid and _kill are not defined.

Solution 5

You need to define a syscalls.c file and add these function with their functionality. You can find an example of such a file at the end of this page.

Problem 6

When I run the agent and the MCU, the agent says

[1641665035.090947] info     | TermiosAgentLinux.cpp | init                     | running...             | fd: 3
[1641665035.130109] info     | Root.cpp           | create_client            | create                 | client_key: 0x041835D4, session_id: 0x81
[1641665035.130212] info     | SessionManager.hpp | establish_session        | session established    | client_key: 0x041835D4, address: 0

but it's not creating a participant or topic. I can't receive my data.

Solution 6

Check that you don't have another serial program (putty, hterm, gtkterm, ...) connected to your device (at least not to that same UART). Also be sure that your hardware setup is correct, e.g. that you have GND connected between the two nodes when using a UART connection.

Problem 7

If you're using Eclipse: When compiling Eclipse says Error: Program "" not found in PATH

Solution 7

Right click your project -> Properties -> C/C++ Build -> Uncheck "Use default build command" and exchange ${cross_make} with a simple make

Problem 8

If you're using Eclipse:
I get an error that the program "" can not be executed

Solution 8

Right click your project -> Properties -> C/C++ Build: Untick Use default build command. Define Build command as: make

Problem 10

If you're using Eclipse and it says that it can't find the arm-none-eabi-gcc

Solution 10

You need to download and extract the toolchain. You can find it here: Downloads | GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain Downloads – Arm Developer

Then set up your Eclipse to know where it is: Right click your project -> Properties -> MCU -> Arm Toolchains Paths: Toolchain name: xPack GNU Arm Embedded GCC Toolchain folder: path/to/your/arm-none-eabi-toolchain/bin

In the bin folder should be arm-none-eabi-gcc among others.

If it still doesn't work, try just opening the following menu: Right click your project -> Properties -> C/C++ Build -> Settings

Example syscalls.c

/**
*****************************************************************************
**
**  File        : syscalls.c
**
**  Author        : Auto-generated by System workbench for STM32
**
**  Abstract    : System Workbench Minimal System calls file
**
**                   For more information about which c-functions
**                need which of these lowlevel functions
**                please consult the Newlib libc-manual
**
**  Target      : STMicroelectronics STM32
**
**  Distribution: The file is distributed “as is,” without any warranty
**                of any kind.
**
*****************************************************************************
** @attention
**
** <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2019 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
**
** Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
** are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
**   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
**      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
**   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
**      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
**      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
**   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
**      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
**      without specific prior written permission.
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
** AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
** IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
** DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
** FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
** DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
** SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
** CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
** OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
**
*****************************************************************************
*/// the code was modified by Fynn Boyer/* Includes */
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/times.h>/* Variables */
//#undef errno
extern int errno;
extern int __io_putchar(int ch) __attribute__((weak));
extern int __io_getchar(void) __attribute__((weak));register char * stack_ptr asm("sp");char *__env[1] = { 0 };
char **environ = __env;extern char _estack;  // see ld file
extern char _Min_Stack_Size;  // see ld file/* Functions */
void initialise_monitor_handles()
{
}int _getpid(void)
{return 1;
}int _kill(int pid, int sig)
{errno = EINVAL;return -1;
}void _exit (int status)
{_kill(status, -1);while (1) {}        /* Make sure we hang here */
}__attribute__((weak)) int _read(int file, char *ptr, int len)
{int DataIdx;for (DataIdx = 0; DataIdx < len; DataIdx++){*ptr++ = __io_getchar();}return len;
}__attribute__((weak)) int _write(int file, char *ptr, int len)
{int DataIdx;for (DataIdx = 0; DataIdx < len; DataIdx++){__io_putchar(*ptr++);}return len;
}caddr_t _sbrk(int incr) {extern char __heap_start__ asm("end");  // Defined by the linker.static char *heap_end;char *prev_heap_end;if (heap_end == NULL) heap_end = &__heap_start__;prev_heap_end = heap_end;if (heap_end + incr > &_estack - _Min_Stack_Size) {__asm("BKPT #0\n");errno = ENOMEM;return (caddr_t)-1;}heap_end += incr;return (caddr_t)prev_heap_end;}int _close(int file)
{return -1;
}int _fstat(int file, struct stat *st)
{st->st_mode = S_IFCHR;return 0;
}int _isatty(int file)
{return 1;
}int _lseek(int file, int ptr, int dir)
{return 0;
}int _open(char *path, int flags, ...)
{/* Pretend like we always fail */return -1;
}int _wait(int *status)
{errno = ECHILD;return -1;
}int _unlink(char *name)
{errno = ENOENT;return -1;
}int _times(struct tms *buf)
{return -1;
}int _stat(char *file, struct stat *st)
{st->st_mode = S_IFCHR;return 0;
}int _link(char *old, char *new)
{errno = EMLINK;return -1;
}int _fork(void)
{errno = EAGAIN;return -1;
}int _execve(char *name, char **argv, char **env)
{errno = ENOMEM;return -1;
}