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【技术】SpringBoot 接口怎么加密解密

news 2025/10/19 7:05:41

1. 介绍

在我们日常的Java开发中，免不了和其他系统的业务交互，或者微服务之间的接口调用

如果我们想保证数据传输的安全，对接口出参加密，入参解密。

但是不想写重复代码，我们可以提供一个通用starter，提供通用加密解密功能

2. 前置知识

2.1 hutool-crypto加密解密工具

hutool-crypto提供了很多加密解密工具，包括对称加密，非对称加密，摘要加密等等，这不做详细介绍。

2.2 request流只能读取一次的问题

2.2.1 问题：

在接口调用链中，request的请求流只能调用一次，处理之后，如果之后还需要用到请求流获取数据，就会发现数据为空。

比如使用了filter或者aop在接口处理之前，获取了request中的数据，对参数进行了校验，那么之后就不能在获取request请求流了

2.2.2 解决办法

继承HttpServletRequestWrapper，将请求中的流copy一份，复写getInputStream和getReader方法供外部使用。每次调用后的getInputStream方法都是从复制出来的二进制数组中进行获取，这个二进制数组在对象存在期间一致存在。

使用Filter过滤器，在一开始，替换request为自己定义的可以多次读取流的request。

这样就实现了流的重复获取

InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;/*** 请求流支持多次获取*/
public class InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {/*** 用于缓存输入流*/private ByteArrayOutputStream cachedBytes;public InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {super(request);}@Overridepublic ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {if (cachedBytes == null) {// 首次获取流时，将流放入 缓存输入流 中cacheInputStream();}// 从 缓存输入流 中获取流并返回return new CachedServletInputStream(cachedBytes.toByteArray());}@Overridepublic BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));}/*** 首次获取流时，将流放入 缓存输入流 中*/private void cacheInputStream() throws IOException {// 缓存输入流以便多次读取。为了方便, 我使用 org.apache.commons IOUtilscachedBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();IOUtils.copy(super.getInputStream(), cachedBytes);}/*** 读取缓存的请求正文的输入流* <p>* 用于根据 缓存输入流 创建一个可返回的*/public static class CachedServletInputStream extends ServletInputStream {private final ByteArrayInputStream input;public CachedServletInputStream(byte[] buf) {// 从缓存的请求正文创建一个新的输入流input = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf);}@Overridepublic boolean isFinished() {return false;}@Overridepublic boolean isReady() {return false;}@Overridepublic void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) {}@Overridepublic int read() throws IOException {return input.read();}}}

HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.filter;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils.InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper;import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;import static org.springframework.core.Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE;/*** @author HLH* @description:*      请求流转换为多次读取的请求流 过滤器* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:58*/
@Component
@Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1)  // 优先级最高
public class HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter implements Filter {@Overridepublic void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {// 转换为可以多次获取流的requestHttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper = new InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(httpServletRequest);// 放行chain.doFilter(inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper, response);}
}

2.3 SpringBoot的参数校验validation

为了减少接口中，业务代码之前的大量冗余的参数校验代码

SpringBoot-validation提供了优雅的参数校验，入参都是实体类，在实体类字段上加上对应注解，就可以在进入方法之前，进行参数校验，如果参数错误，会抛出错误BindException，是不会进入方法的。

这种方法，必须要求在接口参数上加注解@Validated或者是@Valid

但是很多清空下，我们希望在代码中调用某个实体类的校验功能，所以需要如下工具类

ParamException

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception;import lombok.Getter;import java.util.List;/*** @author HLH* @description 自定义参数异常* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56*/
@Getter
public class ParamException extends Exception {private final List<String> fieldList;private final List<String> msgList;public ParamException(List<String> fieldList, List<String> msgList) {this.fieldList = fieldList;this.msgList = msgList;}
}

ValidationUtils

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.CustomizeException;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.ParamException;import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.Validation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;/*** @author HLH* @description 验证工具类* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56*/
public class ValidationUtils {private static final Validator VALIDATOR = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator();/*** 验证数据* @param object 数据*/public static void validate(Object object) throws CustomizeException {Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object);// 验证结果异常throwParamException(validate);}/*** 验证数据(分组)* @param object 数据* @param groups 所在组*/public static void validate(Object object, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException {Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object, groups);// 验证结果异常throwParamException(validate);}/*** 验证数据中的某个字段(分组)* @param object 数据* @param propertyName 字段名称*/public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName) throws CustomizeException {Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName);// 验证结果异常throwParamException(validate);}/*** 验证数据中的某个字段(分组)* @param object 数据* @param propertyName 字段名称* @param groups 所在组*/public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException {Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName, groups);// 验证结果异常throwParamException(validate);}/*** 验证结果异常* @param validate 验证结果*/private static void throwParamException(Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate) throws CustomizeException {if (validate.size() > 0) {List<String> fieldList = new LinkedList<>();List<String> msgList = new LinkedList<>();for (ConstraintViolation<Object> next : validate) {fieldList.add(next.getPropertyPath().toString());msgList.add(next.getMessage());}throw new ParamException(fieldList, msgList);}}}

2.4 自定义starter

自定义starter步骤

创建工厂，编写功能代码
声明自动配置类，把需要对外提供的对象创建好，通过配置类统一向外暴露
在resource目录下准备一个名为spring/spring.factories的文件，以org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration为key，自动配置类为value列表，进行注册

2.5 RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice

RequestBodyAdvice是对请求的json串进行处理，一般使用环境是处理接口参数的自动解密
ResponseBodyAdvice是对请求相应的jsoin传进行处理，一般用于相应结果的加密

3. 功能介绍

接口相应数据的时候，返回的是加密之后的数据接口入参的时候，接收的是解密之后的数据，但是在进入接口之前，会自动解密，取得对应的数据

4. 功能细节

加密解密使用对称加密的AES算法，使用hutool-crypto模块进行实现

所有的实体类提取一个公共父类，包含属性时间戳，用于加密数据返回之后的实效性，如果超过60分钟，那么其他接口将不进行处理。

如果接口加了加密注解EncryptionAnnotation，并且返回统一的json数据Result类，则自动对数据进行加密。如果是继承了统一父类RequestBase的数据，自动注入时间戳，确保数据的时效性

如果接口加了解密注解DecryptionAnnotation，并且参数使用RequestBody注解标注，传入json使用统一格式RequestData类，并且内容是继承了包含时间长的父类RequestBase，则自动解密，并且转为对应的数据类型

功能提供Springboot的starter，实现开箱即用

5. 代码实现

https://gitee.com/springboot-hlh/spring-boot-csdn/tree/master/09-spring-boot-interface-crypto

5.1 项目结构

图片

5.2 crypto-common

5.2.1 结构

5.3 crypto-spring-boot-starter

5.3.1 接口

5.3.2 重要代码

crypto.properties AES需要的参数配置

        crypto.mode=CTS# 补码方式 cn.hutool.crypto.Modecrypto.padding=PKCS5Padding# 秘钥crypto.key=testkey123456789# 盐crypto.iv=testiv1234567890

spring.factories 自动配置文件

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\xyz.hlh.crypto.config.AppConfig```

CryptConfigAES需要的配置参数。另外，搜索公众号编程技术圈后台回复“Java”，获取一份惊喜礼包。

package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;import cn.hutool.crypto.Mode;
import cn.hutool.crypto.Padding;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.Getter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

import java.io.Serializable;/*** @author HLH* @description: AES需要的配置参数* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:16*/
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "crypto")
@PropertySource("classpath:crypto.properties")
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode
@Getter
public class CryptConfig implements Serializable {private Mode mode;private Padding padding;private String key;private String iv;}

AppConfig 自动配置类

package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;/*** @author HLH* @description: 自动配置类* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:12*/
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {@Resourceprivate CryptConfig cryptConfig;@Beanpublic AES aes() {return new AES(cryptConfig.getMode(), cryptConfig.getPadding(), cryptConfig.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), cryptConfig.getIv().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));}}

DecryptRequestBodyAdvice 请求自动解密

package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.ParamException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.constant.CryptoConstant;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestData;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;/*** @author HLH* @description: requestBody 自动解密* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {@Autowiredprivate ObjectMapper objectMapper;/*** 方法上有DecryptionAnnotation注解的，进入此拦截器* @param methodParameter 方法参数对象* @param targetType 参数的类型* @param converterType 消息转换器* @return true，进入，false，跳过*/@Overridepublic boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {return methodParameter.hasMethodAnnotation(DecryptionAnnotation.class);}@Overridepublic HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException {return inputMessage;}/*** 转换之后，执行此方法，解密，赋值* @param body spring解析完的参数* @param inputMessage 输入参数* @param parameter 参数对象* @param targetType 参数类型* @param converterType 消息转换类型* @return 真实的参数*/@SneakyThrows@Overridepublic Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {// 获取requestRequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes;if (servletRequestAttributes == null) {throw new ParamException("request错误");}HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest();// 获取数据ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();RequestData requestData = objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, RequestData.class);if (requestData == null || StringUtils.isBlank(requestData.getText())) {throw new ParamException("参数错误");}// 获取加密的数据String text = requestData.getText();// 放入解密之前的数据request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_ORIGINAL_DATA, text);// 解密String decryptText = null;try {decryptText = AESUtil.decrypt(text);} catch (Exception e) {throw new ParamException("解密失败");}if (StringUtils.isBlank(decryptText)) {throw new ParamException("解密失败");}// 放入解密之后的数据request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_DECRYPT_DATA, decryptText);// 获取结果Object result = objectMapper.readValue(decryptText, body.getClass());// 强制所有实体类必须继承RequestBase类，设置时间戳if (result instanceof RequestBase) {// 获取时间戳Long currentTimeMillis = ((RequestBase) result).getCurrentTimeMillis();// 有效期 60秒long effective = 60*1000;// 时间差long expire = System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTimeMillis;// 是否在有效期内if (Math.abs(expire) > effective) {throw new ParamException("时间戳不合法");}// 返回解密之后的数据return result;} else {throw new ParamException(String.format("请求参数类型：%s 未继承：%s", result.getClass().getName(), RequestBase.class.getName()));}}/*** 如果body为空，转为空对象* @param body spring解析完的参数* @param inputMessage 输入参数* @param parameter 参数对象* @param targetType 参数类型* @param converterType 消息转换类型* @return 真实的参数*/@SneakyThrows@Overridepublic Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {String typeName = targetType.getTypeName();Class<?> bodyClass = Class.forName(typeName);return bodyClass.newInstance();}
}

EncryptResponseBodyAdvice 相应自动加密

package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
import sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.CryptoException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;import java.lang.reflect.Type;/*** @author HLH* @description:* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class EncryptResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Result<?>> {@Autowiredprivate ObjectMapper objectMapper;@Overridepublic boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {ParameterizedTypeImpl genericParameterType = (ParameterizedTypeImpl)returnType.getGenericParameterType();// 如果直接是Result，则返回if (genericParameterType.getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {return true;}if (genericParameterType.getRawType() != ResponseEntity.class) {return false;}// 如果是ResponseEntity<Result>for (Type type : genericParameterType.getActualTypeArguments()) {if (((ParameterizedTypeImpl) type).getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {return true;}}return false;}@SneakyThrows@Overridepublic Result<?> beforeBodyWrite(Result<?> body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {// 加密Object data = body.getData();// 如果data为空，直接返回if (data == null) {return body;}// 如果是实体，并且继承了Request，则放入时间戳if (data instanceof RequestBase) {((RequestBase)data).setCurrentTimeMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());}String dataText = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(data);// 如果data为空，直接返回if (StringUtils.isBlank(dataText)) {return body;}// 如果位数小于16，报错if (dataText.length() < 16) {throw new CryptoException("加密失败，数据小于16位");}String encryptText = AESUtil.encryptHex(dataText);return Result.builder().status(body.getStatus()).data(encryptText).message(body.getMessage()).build();}
}

5.4 crypto-test

5.4.1 结构

5.4.2 重要代码

application.yml 配置文件。另外，搜索公众号GitHub猿后台回复“赚钱”，获取一份惊喜礼包。

spring:mvc:format:date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssdate: yyyy-MM-dd# 日期格式化jackson:date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

Teacher 实体类

package xyz.hlh.crypto.entity;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;/*** @author HLH* @description: Teacher实体类，使用SpringBoot的validation校验* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 10:21*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class Teacher extends RequestBase implements Serializable {@NotBlank(message = "姓名不能为空")private String name;@NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")@Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄不合法")private Integer age;@NotNull(message = "生日不能为空")private Date birthday;}

TestController 测试Controllerbu

package xyz.hlh.crypto.controller;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.ResultBuilder;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.Teacher;/*** @author HLH* @description: 测试Controller* @email 17703595860@163.com* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:16*/
@RestController
public class TestController implements ResultBuilder {/*** 直接返回对象，不加密* @param teacher Teacher对象* @return 不加密的对象*/@PostMapping("/get")public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> get(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {return success(teacher);}/*** 返回加密后的数据* @param teacher Teacher对象* @return 返回加密后的数据 ResponseBody<Result>格式*/@PostMapping("/encrypt")@EncryptionAnnotationpublic ResponseEntity<Result<?>> encrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {return success(teacher);}/*** 返回加密后的数据* @param teacher Teacher对象* @return 返回加密后的数据 Result格式*/@PostMapping("/encrypt1")@EncryptionAnnotationpublic Result<?> encrypt1(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {return success(teacher).getBody();}/*** 返回解密后的数据* @param teacher Teacher对象* @return 返回解密后的数据*/@PostMapping("/decrypt")@DecryptionAnnotationpublic ResponseEntity<Result<?>> decrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {return success(teacher);}}

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