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Monkey压力测试源码执行流程分析

Monkey是Android提供的用于应用程序自动化测试、压力测试的测试工具。
其源码路径(Android12)位于

/development/cmds/monkey/

部署形式为Java Binary

# development/cmds/monkey/Android.bp
// Copyright 2008 The Android Open Source Project
//package {default_applicable_licenses: ["development_cmds_monkey_license"],
}// See: http://go/android-license-faq
license {name: "development_cmds_monkey_license",visibility: [":__subpackages__"],license_kinds: ["SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",],license_text: ["NOTICE",],
}//###############################################################
java_binary {name: "monkey",srcs: ["**/*.java"],wrapper: "monkey",
}

通过Monkey，可以模拟用户的Touch（单指、多指、手势）、按键（key）事件等，检测应用程序发生的ANR、Crash事件，并收集相关Debug信息等。
例如测试应用com.package.linduo，

adb shell monkey -p com.package.linduo --pct-touch 10 --pct-motion 20 10000
# 该命令表示，执行1万次测试事件，其中Touch事件占10%，Motion事件占20%# 或者adb shell进入android终端，直接使用monkey命令

Monkey支持的命令

    private void showUsage() {StringBuffer usage = new StringBuffer();usage.append("usage: monkey [-p ALLOWED_PACKAGE [-p ALLOWED_PACKAGE] ...]\n");usage.append("              [-c MAIN_CATEGORY [-c MAIN_CATEGORY] ...]\n");usage.append("              [--ignore-crashes] [--ignore-timeouts]\n");usage.append("              [--ignore-security-exceptions]\n");usage.append("              [--monitor-native-crashes] [--ignore-native-crashes]\n");usage.append("              [--kill-process-after-error] [--hprof]\n");usage.append("              [--match-description TEXT]\n");usage.append("              [--pct-touch PERCENT] [--pct-motion PERCENT]\n");usage.append("              [--pct-trackball PERCENT] [--pct-syskeys PERCENT]\n");usage.append("              [--pct-nav PERCENT] [--pct-majornav PERCENT]\n");usage.append("              [--pct-appswitch PERCENT] [--pct-flip PERCENT]\n");usage.append("              [--pct-anyevent PERCENT] [--pct-pinchzoom PERCENT]\n");usage.append("              [--pct-permission PERCENT]\n");usage.append("              [--pkg-blacklist-file PACKAGE_BLACKLIST_FILE]\n");usage.append("              [--pkg-whitelist-file PACKAGE_WHITELIST_FILE]\n");usage.append("              [--wait-dbg] [--dbg-no-events]\n");usage.append("              [--setup scriptfile] [-f scriptfile [-f scriptfile] ...]\n");usage.append("              [--port port]\n");usage.append("              [-s SEED] [-v [-v] ...]\n");usage.append("              [--throttle MILLISEC] [--randomize-throttle]\n");usage.append("              [--profile-wait MILLISEC]\n");usage.append("              [--device-sleep-time MILLISEC]\n");usage.append("              [--randomize-script]\n");usage.append("              [--script-log]\n");usage.append("              [--bugreport]\n");usage.append("              [--periodic-bugreport]\n");usage.append("              [--permission-target-system]\n");usage.append("              COUNT\n");Logger.err.println(usage.toString());}

Monkey执行测试的源码分析

这里主要关注模式事件的执行流程

• Monkey启动
• Monkey生成模拟事件
• Monkey向系统发送模拟事件
  

Monkey启动

Monkey.java中定义了程序入口函数main，该函数中启动了Monkey程序。

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/Monkey.javapublic static void main(String[] args) {// Set the process name showing in "ps" or "top"Process.setArgV0("com.android.commands.monkey");Logger.err.println("args: " + Arrays.toString(args));int resultCode = (new Monkey()).run(args);System.exit(resultCode);
}

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/Monkey.java/*** Run the command!** @param args The command-line arguments* @return Returns a posix-style result code. 0 for no error.*/
private int run(String[] args) {// Default values for some command-line optionsmVerbose = 0;// 默认的测试次数mCount = 1000;// 生成radom的seedmSeed = 0;// 记录事件之间的延迟，就是每个事件执行的间隔mThrottle = 0;// prepare for command-line processingmArgs = args;// 解析参数if (!processOptions()) {return -1;}// 确定待测试的Packageif (!loadPackageLists()) {return -1;}// now set up additional data in preparation for launchif (mMainCategories.size() == 0) {mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY);}if (mSeed == 0) {mSeed = System.currentTimeMillis() + System.identityHashCode(this);}// 获取系统服务接口（AMS、PMS、WMS)if (!getSystemInterfaces()) {return -3;}// 获取用于启动应用的Activityif (!getMainApps()) {return -4;}if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() == 1) {// script mode, ignore other options} else if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() > 1) {} else if (mServerPort != -1) {} else {// 创建用于产生模拟器事件的Source对象mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);// 设置各测试类型的测试比例// set any of the factors that has been setfor (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {if (mFactors[i] <= 0.0f) {((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);}}// 产生activity事件，该事件用来启动应用// in random mode, we start with a random activity((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).generateActivity();}try {// 执行模拟测试事件crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();} finally {// Release the rotation lock if it's still held and restore the// original orientation.new MonkeyRotationEvent(Surface.ROTATION_0, false).injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);}}

Monkey解析输入参数

processOptions函数解析输入参数（就是monkey命令后跟着的参数信息），根据入参设置Monkey类中相关成员变量。

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/Monkey.java
private boolean processOptions() {// quick (throwaway) check for unadorned commandif (mArgs.length < 1) {showUsage();return false;}try {String opt;Set<String> validPackages = new HashSet<>();while ((opt = nextOption()) != null) {if (opt.equals("-s")) {mSeed = nextOptionLong("Seed");} else if (opt.equals("-p")) {validPackages.add(nextOptionData());} else if (opt.equals("-c")) {// 省略} else {Logger.err.println("** Error: Unknown option: " + opt);showUsage();return false;}}// 根据输入参数，设置待测试的应用MonkeyUtils.getPackageFilter().addValidPackages(validPackages);} catch (RuntimeException ex) {Logger.err.println("** Error: " + ex.toString());showUsage();return false;}// If a server port hasn't been specified, we need to specify// a countif (mServerPort == -1) {// 省略}return true;
}

Monkey获取系统服务

getSystemInterfaces函数用于获取Android系统服务，包括AMS、PMS、WMS服务。调用AMS服务的setActivityController接口，通过该接口向AMS设置IActivityController.Stub对象，通过该对象监听应用（Activity）的ANR和Crash事件。

/*** Attach to the required system interfaces.** @return Returns true if all system interfaces were available.*/
private boolean getSystemInterfaces() {mAm = ActivityManager.getService();if (mAm == null) {Logger.err.println("** Error: Unable to connect to activity manager; is the system "+ "running?");return false;}mWm = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("window"));if (mWm == null) {Logger.err.println("** Error: Unable to connect to window manager; is the system "+ "running?");return false;}mPm = IPackageManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("package"));if (mPm == null) {Logger.err.println("** Error: Unable to connect to package manager; is the system "+ "running?");return false;}try {mAm.setActivityController(new ActivityController(), true);mNetworkMonitor.register(mAm);} catch (RemoteException e) {Logger.err.println("** Failed talking with activity manager!");return false;}return true;
}/*** Monitor operations happening in the system.*/
private class ActivityController extends IActivityController.Stub {public boolean activityStarting(Intent intent, String pkg) {// 省略}private boolean isActivityStartingAllowed(Intent intent, String pkg) {// 省略}public boolean activityResuming(String pkg) {// 省略}public boolean appCrashed(String processName, int pid,String shortMsg, String longMsg,long timeMillis, String stackTrace) {// 省略}public int appEarlyNotResponding(String processName, int pid, String annotation) {return 0;}public int appNotResponding(String processName, int pid, String processStats) {// 省略}public int systemNotResponding(String message) {// 省略}
}

Monkey获取待测试应用的Activity

monkey通过PackageManager的queryIntentActivities接口，查询带有 Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER和Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY信息的Activity，并判断Activity是否属于待测试应用。将待测试应用的Activity添加到mMainApps变量中。

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/Monkey.java
/*** Using the restrictions provided (categories & packages), generate a list* of activities that we can actually switch to.** @return Returns true if it could successfully build a list of target*         activities*/
private boolean getMainApps() {try {final int N = mMainCategories.size();for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);String category = mMainCategories.get(i);if (category.length() > 0) {intent.addCategory(category);}// 查找带有 Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER、Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY的ActivityList<ResolveInfo> mainApps = mPm.queryIntentActivities(intent, null, 0,ActivityManager.getCurrentUser()).getList();final int NA = mainApps.size();for (int a = 0; a < NA; a++) {ResolveInfo r = mainApps.get(a);String packageName = r.activityInfo.applicationInfo.packageName;if (MonkeyUtils.getPackageFilter().checkEnteringPackage(packageName)) {// 如果Activity属于待测试Package，将其添加到mMainApps中。mMainApps.add(new ComponentName(packageName, r.activityInfo.name));} else {}}}} catch (RemoteException e) {Logger.err.println("** Failed talking with package manager!");return false;}if (mMainApps.size() == 0) {Logger.out.println("** No activities found to run, monkey aborted.");return false;}return true;
}

Monkey生成模拟测试事件，并执行

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/Monkey.java
private int run(String[] args) {// 创建该对象，用于产生测试事件mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);for (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {if (mFactors[i] <= 0.0f) {((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);}}try {// 执行Monkey测试crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();} finally {// Release the rotation lock if it's still held and restore the// original orientation.new MonkeyRotationEvent(Surface.ROTATION_0, false).injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);}
}

runMonkeyCycles函数中调用MonkeySourceRandom的getNextEvent函数生成模拟测试事件（MonkeyEvent），调用MonkeyEvent的injectEvent执行模拟测试。

private int runMonkeyCycles() {int eventCounter = 0;int cycleCounter = 0;boolean shouldReportAnrTraces = false;boolean shouldReportDumpsysMemInfo = false;boolean shouldAbort = false;boolean systemCrashed = false;try {// TO DO : The count should apply to each of the script file.while (!systemCrashed && cycleCounter < mCount) {synchronized (this) {// 注意:因为先执行过generateActivity，所以第一次调用会，会获得启动Activity的模拟测试事件MonkeyEvent ev = mEventSource.getNextEvent();if (ev != null) {int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);} else {}}} catch (RuntimeException e) {Logger.error("** Error: A RuntimeException occurred:", e);}Logger.out.println("Events injected: " + eventCounter);return eventCounter;
}

MonkeySourceRandom的getNextEvent，会在事件队列（存储模拟测试事件）为空时，产生测试对象。生成测试事件时，先生成一个随机数，然后根据测试类型所占比例（比例越大，生成该测试类型的概率越大），生成不同测试类型。

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/MonkeySourceRandom.java
/*** generate an activity event*/
public void generateActivity() {MonkeyActivityEvent e = new MonkeyActivityEvent(mMainApps.get(mRandom.nextInt(mMainApps.size())));mQ.addLast(e);
}/*** if the queue is empty, we generate events first* @return the first event in the queue*/
public MonkeyEvent getNextEvent() {if (mQ.isEmpty()) {generateEvents();}mEventCount++;MonkeyEvent e = mQ.getFirst();mQ.removeFirst();return e;
}/*** generate a random event based on mFactor*/
private void generateEvents() {// 生成随机数float cls = mRandom.nextFloat();int lastKey = 0;// 根据Factor，即不同测试类型所占的比例，生成测试事件if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_TOUCH]) {generatePointerEvent(mRandom, GESTURE_TAP);return;} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_MOTION]) {generatePointerEvent(mRandom, GESTURE_DRAG);return;} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_PINCHZOOM]) {generatePointerEvent(mRandom, GESTURE_PINCH_OR_ZOOM);return;} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_TRACKBALL]) {generateTrackballEvent(mRandom);return;} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_ROTATION]) {generateRotationEvent(mRandom);return;} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_PERMISSION]) {mQ.add(mPermissionUtil.generateRandomPermissionEvent(mRandom));return;}// The remaining event categories are injected as key eventsfor (;;) {if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_NAV]) {lastKey = NAV_KEYS[mRandom.nextInt(NAV_KEYS.length)];} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_MAJORNAV]) {lastKey = MAJOR_NAV_KEYS[mRandom.nextInt(MAJOR_NAV_KEYS.length)];} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_SYSOPS]) {lastKey = SYS_KEYS[mRandom.nextInt(SYS_KEYS.length)];} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_APPSWITCH]) {MonkeyActivityEvent e = new MonkeyActivityEvent(mMainApps.get(mRandom.nextInt(mMainApps.size())));mQ.addLast(e);return;} else if (cls < mFactors[FACTOR_FLIP]) {MonkeyFlipEvent e = new MonkeyFlipEvent(mKeyboardOpen);mKeyboardOpen = !mKeyboardOpen;mQ.addLast(e);return;} else {lastKey = 1 + mRandom.nextInt(KeyEvent.getMaxKeyCode() - 1);}if (lastKey != KeyEvent.KEYCODE_POWER&& lastKey != KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENDCALL&& lastKey != KeyEvent.KEYCODE_SLEEP&& lastKey != KeyEvent.KEYCODE_SOFT_SLEEP&& PHYSICAL_KEY_EXISTS[lastKey]) {break;}}MonkeyKeyEvent e = new MonkeyKeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN, lastKey);mQ.addLast(e);e = new MonkeyKeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_UP, lastKey);mQ.addLast(e);
}

以Ttouch事件为例子，调用generatePointerEvent函数。通过DMS获取Display对象（用于得知屏幕大小），生成MonkeyTouchEvent对象。

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/MonkeySourceRandom.java
private void generatePointerEvent(Random random, int gesture) {Display display = DisplayManagerGlobal.getInstance().getRealDisplay(Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY);PointF p1 = randomPoint(random, display);PointF v1 = randomVector(random);long downAt = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();mQ.addLast(new MonkeyTouchEvent(MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN).setDownTime(downAt).addPointer(0, p1.x, p1.y).setIntermediateNote(false));// 省略randomWalk(random, display, p1, v1);mQ.addLast(new MonkeyTouchEvent(MotionEvent.ACTION_UP).setDownTime(downAt).addPointer(0, p1.x, p1.y).setIntermediateNote(false));
}

调用MonkeyTouchEvent的injectEvent函数，使用InputManager向系统派发TouchEvent。

// development/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/MonkeyMotionEvent.java
@Override
public int injectEvent(IWindowManager iwm, IActivityManager iam, int verbose) {MotionEvent me = getEvent();if ((verbose > 0 && !mIntermediateNote) || verbose > 1) {StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(":Sending ");msg.append(getTypeLabel()).append(" (");switch (me.getActionMasked()) {case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:msg.append("ACTION_DOWN");break;case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:msg.append("ACTION_MOVE");break;case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:msg.append("ACTION_UP");break;case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:msg.append("ACTION_CANCEL");break;case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_DOWN ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));break;case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_UP ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));break;default:msg.append(me.getAction());break;}msg.append("):");int pointerCount = me.getPointerCount();for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {msg.append(" ").append(me.getPointerId(i));msg.append(":(").append(me.getX(i)).append(",").append(me.getY(i)).append(")");}Logger.out.println(msg.toString());}try {// 派发TouchEventif (!InputManager.getInstance().injectInputEvent(me,InputManager.INJECT_INPUT_EVENT_MODE_WAIT_FOR_RESULT)) {return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_FAIL;}} finally {me.recycle();}return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_SUCCESS;
}

Monkey主要相关类图