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K8s:通过 Kubeshark 体验大白鲨(Wireshark)/TCPDump 监控 Kubernetes 集群

news 2026/2/9 2:36:27

写在前面

分享一个 k8s 集群流量查看器
很轻量的一个工具，监控方便
博文内容涉及：
- Kubeshark 简单介绍
- Windows、Linux 下载运行监控Demo
- Kubeshark 特性功能介绍
理解不足小伙伴帮忙指正

对每个人而言，真正的职责只有一个：找到自我。然后在心中坚守其一生，全心全意，永不停息。所有其它的路都是不完整的，是人的逃避方式，是对大众理想的懦弱回归，是随波逐流，是对内心的恐惧 ——赫尔曼·黑塞《德米安》

简单介绍

Kubeshark 是 2021 年由 UP9 公司开源的一个 K8s API 流量查看器 Mizu 发展而来，试图成为一款 K8s 全过程流量监控工具。

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Kubeshark 也被叫做 kubernetes 的 API 流量查看器，它提供对进出 Kubernetes 集群内的 pod 的所有 API 流量和负载的深度可见性和监控。类似于针对 Kubernetes 而重新发明的 TCPDump 和 Wireshark。

Kubeshark 是占用空间最小的分布式数据包捕获，专门为在大规模生产集群上运行而构建。

Kubeshark 架构

Kubeshark 由四个不同的软件组成，它们可以协同工作：CLI、Hub 和 Worker、基于 PCAP 的分布式存储。

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CLI(命令行界面) ： Kubeshark 客户端的二进制分布，它是用 Go 语言编写的。它通过 K8s API 与集群通信，以部署 Hub 和 Worker Pod。。用于启动关闭 Kubeshark.

Hub(枢纽) ：它协调 worker 部署，接收来自每个 worker 的嗅探和剖析，并收集到一个中心位置。它还提供一个 Web 界面，用于在浏览器上显示收集到的流量。

Work ：作为 DaemonSet 部署到集群中，以确保集群中的每个节点都被 Kubeshark 覆盖。

基于 PCAP 的分布式存储 : Kubeshark 使用基于 PCAP 的分布式存储，其中每个工作线程将捕获的 TCP 流存储在节点的根文件系统中。Kubeshark 的配置包括默认设置为 200MB 的存储限制。可以通过 CLI 选项更改该限制。

下载安装 & 功能Demo介绍

windows 下载安装

通过下面的方式安装

PS C:\Users\山河已无恙> curl -o kubeshark.exe  https://github.com/kubeshark/kubeshark/releases/download/38.5/kubeshark.exe

运行时需要提前复制集群的 kubeconfig 文件。只能通过命令行运行，运行方式.\kubeshark.exe tap -A 监控所有命名空间的流量

PS C:\Users\山河已无恙> .\kubeshark.exe tap -A
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF versionCheck.go:23 > Checking for a newer version...
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:45 > Using Docker: registry=docker.io/kubeshark/ tag=latest
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:53 > Kubeshark will store the traffic up to a limit (per node). Oldest TCP streams will be removed once the limit is reached. limit=200MB
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF common.go:69 > Using kubeconfig: path="C:\\Users\\山河已无恙\\.kube\\config"
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:74 > Targeting pods in: namespaces=[""]
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: cadvisor-5v7hl
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: cadvisor-7dnmk
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: cadvisor-7l4zf
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: cadvisor-dj6dm
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: cadvisor-sjpq8
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: alertmanager-release-name-kube-promethe-alertmanager-0
2023-03-03T12:08:20-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: details-v1-5ffd6b64f7-wfbl2
...............................

确定所有 pod 启动成功

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如果 pod 可以正常创建，那么会直接打开监控页面。

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如果启动失败， pod 没有创建成功，或者监控页面没有正常打开，提示 8899,8898 端口不通，尝试使用kubeshark.exe clean 清理环境重新安装。也可以尝试通过 --storagelimit 5000MB 指定存储大小

PS C:\Users\山河已无恙> .\kubeshark.exe clean
2023-03-03T12:59:58-05:00 INF versionCheck.go:23 > Checking for a newer version...
2023-03-03T12:59:58-05:00 INF common.go:69 > Using kubeconfig: path="C:\\Users\\山河已无恙\\.kube\\config"
2023-03-03T12:59:58-05:00 WRN cleanResources.go:16 > Removing Kubeshark resources...
PS C:\Users\山河已无恙> .\kubeshark.exe tap -A --storagelimit 5000MB

重新启动

PS C:\Users\山河已无恙> .\kubeshark.exe tap -A --storagelimit 5000MB
2023-03-03T12:30:36-05:00 INF versionCheck.go:23 > Checking for a newer version...
2023-03-03T12:30:36-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:45 > Using Docker: registry=docker.io/kubeshark/ tag=latest
2023-03-03T12:30:36-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:53 > Kubeshark will store the traffic up to a limit (per node). Oldest TCP streams will be removed once the limit is reached. limit=5000MB
2023-03-03T12:30:36-05:00 INF common.go:69 > Using kubeconfig: path="C:\\Users\\山河已无恙\\.kube\\config"
2023-03-03T12:30:37-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:74 > Targeting pods in: namespaces=[""]
2023-03-03T12:30:37-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:129 > Targeted pod: cadvisor-5v7hl
。。。。。。。。。。
2023-03-03T12:31:21-05:00 INF proxy.go:29 > Starting proxy... namespace=kubeshark service=kubeshark-hub src-port=8898
2023-03-03T12:31:21-05:00 INF workers.go:32 > Creating the worker DaemonSet...
2023-03-03T12:31:21-05:00 INF workers.go:51 > Successfully created the worker DaemonSet.
2023-03-03T12:31:23-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:402 > Hub is available at: url=http://localhost:8898
2023-03-03T12:31:23-05:00 INF proxy.go:29 > Starting proxy... namespace=kubeshark service=kubeshark-front src-port=8899
2023-03-03T12:31:23-05:00 INF tapRunner.go:418 > Kubeshark is available at: url=http://localhost:8899

多次测试，发现，启动不成功时一个偶然性的问题，并且会经常发生，有可能镜像拉取超时，或者代理没有创建成功 ,本地端口无法访问。

特新介绍

通过监控页面可以看到流量协议，请求路由，请求响应状态，请求方式，请求源/目标地址 IP,由那个 POD 发起。可以通过过滤器对包进行过滤。

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过滤表达式有专门的文档 Demo

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过滤 HTTP 请求返回状态码为 404 的请求

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可以看到集群备份工具 velero 可能有问题，查看对应的拓扑关系确认

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顶部可以展示所有的 Pod 列表

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选择对应的包，可以查看详细信息

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请求报文，响应报文

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可以查看报文的具体内容

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不加包过滤，默认情况下右上角的拓扑信息可以查看当前监控信息的整体视图

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箭头的粗细表示流量数量。颜色表示不同的协议

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Linux 下载安装

也可以在 Linux 下安装。需要注意一下几点

默认情况下 kubeshark 会自动创建部署节点的端口代理，所以不需要修改创建的 hub SVC 为 NodePort 或 LB
如果当前环境没有桌面端，需要添加 --set headless=true ,--proxy-host 0.0.0.0,限制其打开浏览器，并且运行外部IP访问

下载运行的二进制文件

┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$curl -s -Lo kubeshark https://github.com/kubeshark/kubeshark/releases/download/38.5/kubeshark_linux_amd64 && chmod 755 kubeshark
┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$ls
kubeshark_linux_amd64
┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$

移动文件修改名字，是其可以直接执行

┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$mv kubeshark_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/kubeshark
┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/local/bin]
└─$chmod +x kubeshark

kubeshark clean 用于清空当前部署环境

┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$kubeshark clean
2023-03-03T09:44:32+08:00 INF versionCheck.go:23 > Checking for a newer version...
2023-03-03T09:44:32+08:00 INF common.go:69 > Using kubeconfig: path=/root/.kube/config
2023-03-03T09:44:32+08:00 WRN cleanResources.go:16 > Removing Kubeshark resources...

运行 kubeshark 监控所有的命名空间

┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$kubeshark tap -A --storagelimit 2000MB  --proxy-host 0.0.0.0 --set headless=true
2023-03-04T01:53:47+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:45 > Using Docker: registry=docker.io/kubeshark/ tag=latest
2023-03-04T01:53:47+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:53 > Kubeshark will store the traffic up to a limit (per node). Oldest TCP streams will be removed once the limit is reached. limit=2000MB
2023-03-04T01:53:47+08:00 INF versionCheck.go:23 > Checking for a newer version...
。。。。。。。。。
2023-03-04T01:53:48+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:240 > Added: pod=kubeshark-front
2023-03-04T01:53:48+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:160 > Added: pod=kubeshark-hub
2023-03-04T01:54:25+08:00 WRN watch.go:61 > K8s watch channel closed, restarting watcher...
2023-03-04T01:54:25+08:00 WRN watch.go:61 > K8s watch channel closed, restarting watcher...
2023-03-04T01:54:25+08:00 WRN watch.go:61 > K8s watch channel closed, restarting watcher...
2023-03-04T01:54:30+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:240 > Added: pod=kubeshark-front
2023-03-04T01:54:30+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:160 > Added: pod=kubeshark-hub
2023-03-04T01:54:58+08:00 INF proxy.go:29 > Starting proxy... namespace=kubeshark service=kubeshark-hubsrc-port=8898
2023-03-04T01:54:58+08:00 INF workers.go:32 > Creating the worker DaemonSet...
2023-03-04T01:54:59+08:00 INF workers.go:51 > Successfully created the worker DaemonSet.
2023-03-04T01:55:00+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:402 > Hub is available at: url=http://localhost:8898
2023-03-04T01:55:00+08:00 INF proxy.go:29 > Starting proxy... namespace=kubeshark service=kubeshark-front src-port=8899
2023-03-04T01:55:00+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:418 > Kubeshark is available at: url=http://localhost:8899
2023-03-04T01:55:56+08:00 WRN watch.go:61 > K8s watch channel closed, restarting watcher...
2023-03-04T01:55:56+08:00 WRN watch.go:61 > K8s watch channel closed, restarting watcher...
2023-03-04T01:55:56+08:00 WRN watch.go:61 > K8s watch channel closed, restarting watcher...
2023-03-04T01:56:01+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:240 > Added: pod=kubeshark-front
2023-03-04T01:56:01+08:00 INF tapRunner.go:160 > Added: pod=kubeshark-hub

浏览器访问

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拓扑信息查看

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部署中遇到的问题

如果启动失败，可以通过 kubeshark check命名检查，该命令用于检查部署pod，代理是否成功

┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$kubeshark check
2023-03-03T22:33:22+08:00 INF checkRunner.go:21 > Checking the Kubeshark resources...
2023-03-03T22:33:22+08:00 INF versionCheck.go:23 > Checking for a newer version...
2023-03-03T22:33:22+08:00 INF kubernetesApi.go:11 > Checking: procedure=kubernetes-api
..........
2023-03-03T22:33:22+08:00 INF kubernetesPermissions.go:89 > Can create services
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF kubernetesPermissions.go:89 > Can create daemonsets in api group 'apps'
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF kubernetesPermissions.go:89 > Can patch daemonsets in api group 'apps'
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF kubernetesPermissions.go:89 > Can list namespaces
..........
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF kubernetesResources.go:116 > Resource exist. name=kubeshark-cluster-role-binding type="cluster role binding"
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF kubernetesResources.go:116 > Resource exist. name=kubeshark-hub type=service
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF kubernetesResources.go:64 > Pod is running. name=kubeshark-hub
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF kubernetesResources.go:92 > All 8 pods are running. name=kubeshark-worker
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:11 > Checking: procedure=server-connectivity
2023-03-03T22:33:23+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:33 > Connecting: url=http://localhost:8898
2023-03-03T22:33:26+08:00 ERR serverConnection.go:16 > Couldn't connect to Hub using proxy! error="Couldn't reach the URL: http://localhost:8898 after 3 retries!"
2023-03-03T22:33:26+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:33 > Connecting: url=http://localhost:8899
2023-03-03T22:33:29+08:00 ERR serverConnection.go:23 > Couldn't connect to Front using proxy! error="Couldn't reach the URL: http://localhost:8899 after 3 retries!"
2023-03-03T22:33:29+08:00 ERR checkRunner.go:50 > There are issues in your Kubeshark resources! Run these commands: command1="kubeshark clean" command2="kubeshark tap [POD REGEX]"
┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$

如果代理创建不成功，可以尝试下面的方式使用。

https://github.com/kubeshark/kubeshark/wiki/CHANGELOG

┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$jobs
┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$coproc kubectl port-forward -n kubeshark service/kubeshark-hub 8898:80;
[1] 125248
┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$coproc kubectl port-forward -n kubeshark service/kubeshark-front 8899:80;
-bash: 警告:execute_coproc: coproc [125248:COPROC] still exists
[2] 125784
┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$jobs
[1]-  运行中               coproc COPROC kubectl port-forward -n kubeshark service/kubeshark-hub 8898:80 &
[2]+  运行中               coproc COPROC kubectl port-forward -n kubeshark service/kubeshark-front 8899:80 &

重新检查校验

┌──[root@vms100.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/Kubeshark]
└─$kubeshark check
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF checkRunner.go:21 > Checking the Kubeshark resources...
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF kubernetesApi.go:11 > Checking: procedure=kubernetes-api
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF versionCheck.go:23 > Checking for a newer version...
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF kubernetesApi.go:18 > Initialization of the client is passed.
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF kubernetesApi.go:25 > Querying the Kubernetes API is passed.
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF kubernetesVersion.go:13 > Checking: procedure=kubernetes-version
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF kubernetesVersion.go:20 > Minimum required Kubernetes API version is passed. k8s-version=v1.25.1
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF kubernetesPermissions.go:16 > Checking: procedure=kubernetes-permissions
2023-03-03T23:35:50+08:00 INF kubernetesPermissions.go:89 > Can list pods
。。。。。。。
2023-03-03T23:35:51+08:00 INF kubernetesResources.go:64 > Pod is running. name=kubeshark-hub
2023-03-03T23:35:51+08:00 INF kubernetesResources.go:92 > All 8 pods are running. name=kubeshark-worker
2023-03-03T23:35:51+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:11 > Checking: procedure=server-connectivity
2023-03-03T23:35:51+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:33 > Connecting: url=http://localhost:8898
2023-03-03T23:35:52+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:19 > Connected successfully to Hub using proxy.
2023-03-03T23:35:52+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:33 > Connecting: url=http://localhost:8899
2023-03-03T23:35:52+08:00 INF serverConnection.go:26 > Connected successfully to Front using proxy.
2023-03-03T23:35:52+08:00 INF checkRunner.go:45 > All checks are passed.

博文部分内容参考

https://github.com/kubeshark/kubeshark

https://medium.com/kernel-space/kubeshark-wireshark-for-kubernetes-4069a5f5aa3d

https://docs.kubeshark.co/en/config

https://github.com/kubeshark/kubeshark/wiki/CHANGELOG

写在前面

简单介绍

Kubeshark 架构

下载安装 & 功能Demo介绍

windows 下载安装

特新介绍

Linux 下载安装

部署中遇到的问题

博文部分内容参考

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